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Chapter 7Using Integrated Teaching Methods

+Integrated Teaching Methods

Combining direct and indirect delivery of instruction

Encourages self-directed learning, giving students more control and responsibility for their own learning

Promotes the use of technology and the Internet giving teachers access to vast amounts of information

The Methods: demonstrations, the Socratic method, concept attainment, cooperative learning, games, simulations, and individualized instruction

The Demonstration Method

Use materials and displays to present information to students accompanied with a verbal explanation or discussion

Students conduct demonstrations arousing their interest and involvement

+The Demonstration Method (cont.)Begin with an introduction

Simply and as much to the point as possible complete the demonstration

Follow-up with a check for understanding

Plan student engagement for success (seating, questions…)

+The Demonstration Method: GuidelinesPace the demo so students can follow.Break the demo into small components and demonstrate each component separately

If necessary repeat steps until students understand.

When you are sure the students understand, put all the pieces together and conduct the entire demo

+The Socratic Method (pg 200)

A questioning-and-interaction sequence designed to draw information out of students

General Pattern:1) First a broad, open-ended question that most

students can answer is asked.2) The next set of questions begins to narrow the

range of responses and focuses the students’ thinking onto the topic.

3) Review statements are interspersed among the questions in order to keep the main points in the forefront.

4) A concluding question then brings the students to the desired end point.

Concept Attainment Students search for and identify attributes

that can be used to distinguish examples of a given group or category from nonexamples

This takes time to plan and prepare for with students.

Nouns Non-Nouns

BoatTreeHorseTruckElephant

WalkRunPrettyHungryColorful

+ Cooperative Learning

mixed ability groups

High, middle, and low learners balance in each group

Rewards for team performance

Roles should be assigned to group members for Individual accountability

Several different forms: Peer Tutoring ,Group Investigation, Jigsaw

+Cooperative Learning: Peer TutoringTeacher presents the material to the

students

Student pairs use structured exercises to reinforce the new material

Students take turns being the tutor and provide each other with immediate feedback

+Cooperative Learning: Group Investigation

Student group investigates or solves some common problem

Students develop their group goals, assign responsibilities, and bring project to completion

Teachers responsible for heterogeneous grouping, facilitating the investigation, and monitoring student effort

+Jigsaw Strategy

Teams work to investigate a common topic (broad in scope)

Individual members assigned subjects within the topic

Members of different teams who have studied the same subject convene to review and analyze material

Members then return to original team where they take turns teaching their part to other team members

Comprehensive quiz administered to assess learning

+Technology Integration

Technology should play an integral part in the learning process

Student level of comfort with technology makes it a motivator

Variety of ways….

Effective Instructional Strategies, Second EditionChapter 7 Using Integrated Teaching Methods

+Simulations and Games

An artificial situation that represents reality but that removes the risk to the individual involved.

2 basic typesHuman simulationsPerson-to-computer simulations

+Simulations and Games (cont.)Role-playing (Tech or Live)

acting out of roles in recreating eventsstudent tries to “become” another

individual to understand the person’s actions and motivations

involves a structure, issue to be resolvedin some cases involves a winner and a

loserfollowed by a debriefing session

+Simulations and Games (cont.)

Educational Gamesinvolves students in decision-making

roles, competing for certain objectivesreflect societyoffer participants the opportunity to

experience roles that are present in life

+Simulations and Games (cont.)Benefits

actively involve students

provide immediate feedback

practice of communication skills

high degree of interest and enthusiasm

allow teachers to work with a wide range of student capabilities at the same time

promote and reward analytical and critical thinking

allow experimentation with a model of the real environment

Limitations

•demand a great deal of imagination

•commercially produced products can be costly

•informal relationships can develop between teacher and students

+Individualized Strategies:

Individualized Instruction

Individualized Instruction engages students in learning plans designed to meet their interests, needs, and abilities.

Individualize instruction by varying…

the learning pace the instructional objectives the learning method the learning materials

+Individualized Strategies: Independent Study

Any educational activity carried out by an individual with little or no guidance

Self-directed learningActivity selected by the learnerAllows teacher to work w/ individual

studentsEx: library research, tutoring, center

instruction

+Individualized Strategies: Mastery Learning

Takes a group approach to learning

Diagnostic-corrective-enrichment model where students work on objectives until mastery is achieved

+Effectiveness of Individualization

Can lead to higher student achievement

Best for self-motivated learners

Works best when monitored and planned closely

Most effective approach is a mix of direct and individualized instruction

Teachers play a key role

+Drill and Practice

provides students with needed accuracy and/or speed

drill concerned with recall of associations

practice concerned with improvement

flexibility and variety are key

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WHATEVER WORKS!!!

Based on these three chapters --Direct Instruction, Indirect Instruction and now Integrated Instruction ..

the conclusion is there are many ways to instruct students ..but each teacher needs to use…