Post on 21-Jan-2016
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INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
EDU555Curriculum & Instruction
Encik Muhamad Furkan Mat Salleh
To start teaching: teacher must be
guided by instructional objective, followed by strategies and tools to accomplish the task, and then evaluate the outcomes
Instructional Objectives
Objectives: desired outcomes of learning
Purpose:Defining the intents of an educational
planHelping teachers to plan steps necessary
to achieve planHelping students to know what is
expected of them at the end of the program
Instructional Objectives
Helping teachers, administrators and
society to assess the products of the system
Statement that described the teacher’s intent about how students should change
Instructional Objectives
Robert Mager (1962)
Objectives must be OBSERVABLE and MEASURABLE
‘Behavioral Objectives’
Mager format of instructional objectives
Suggested that objectives of learning need to be specific in term of:
1) Student behaviour What the learner will be able to do when
he has mastered the objectives What learner will be doing or behavior the
teacher will accept as evidence that the ‘objectives’ have been achieved
using verbs that denote observable action “at the end of the lesson, the students should
be able to identify….”
Mager format of instructional objectives
2) Testing situation Under what conditions he will be able to do it The condition under which the behaviour will be
observed ‘given the blank world map students should
be able to locate the 5 active volcanoes’
Mager format of instructional objectives
3) Performance criteria To what standard he will be able to do it The standard of the performance level defined as
acceptable indicating correctness, speed, rate of response ‘given the blank world map students should be
able to locate the 5 active volcanoes’
Mager format of instructional objectives
use precise words – that are not open to
many interpretations Link the 3 parts together when writing the
behavioral objectives Start by stating students behaviours, condition
and performance
Mager format of instructional objectives
Mager format of instructional objectives
Examples :- state- list down- identify- compare- calculate- draw- name the…
- colour the..- measure- solve- match the..
Criticisms: 1) Not practical difficult to write 2) Difficult to accomplish the kind of
specificity3) Becomes unmanageable for teachers to
write because too many objectives and specificity
Mager format of instructional objectives
Groundlund (1970) suggested there
are 2 levels of objectives:1) General objectives2) Specific objectives
Instructional Objectives
General instructional objectives must
be followed by a sample of specific behavioral outcomes
Teaching may be directed towards achievement of the general objectives
Specific objectives may form the basis for testing and assessment
Instructional Objectives
There are different types of behaviours
can be specified in writing the instructional objectives
Bloom’s Instructional Objectives
Benjamin Bloom (1956) proposed the most helpful guides for the behaviour classification
He created a scheme that classifies instructional objectives in a systematic way
He divided the objectives into 3 domains:1) Cognitive domain : knowing fact and
information2) Psychomotor domain: performing physical
skills3) Affective domain: exhibiting personal
attitudes
Bloom’s Instructional Objectives