Post on 03-Jan-2016
transcript
+Lesson 1 – Fall of the Spanish MonarchyEssential Question
Why did King Alfonso XIII abdicate in 1931?
Learning Outcomes: Students will Preview – History of Spain Learn about problems facing Spain at the
beginning of the 20th Century Learn about the De Rivera Dictatorship
Success Criteria I can predict the issues which will lead to
the Spanish Civil War
+Preview
What do you know about the history of Spain before the 20th Century?
+Vocab
Constitutional Monarchy
Tragic Week
Cortes
Primo De Rivera
+Spanish Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy under King Alfonso XIII
Spain is polarized between rich and poor Rich – Army, Church, Landowners Poor – Mass of peasants and urban workers 1909 – Tragic Week – in Barcelona, a protest for a
reservist soldier getting called to Morocco resulted in a mass protest, leading to the torching of many religious schools, churches by the working class
Spain once had a great empire which was not in great decline 1898 – Spanish-American War resulted in losing
last overseas colonies in the Philippines and Cuba)
1921 – troops sent to put down a rebellion in Morocco, which were soundly defeated, emphasizing the corruption and incompetence of the king
What problems
are facing Spain?
+De Rivera Gov’t
Cortes (Parliament) ordered an investigation into army corruption Sept 13, 1923 – in response, led by General
Primo De Rivera, the army led a coup against the gov’t
King Alfonso sided with the army and named De Rivera Prime Minister
De Rivera creates a dictatorship Ruled with the support of the Army and Church Dissolves parliament and declares martial law,
Introduced censorship Imprisoned critics and banned political parties Banned Catalan language
Presented politicians as weak and unpatriotic while the country should be proud of the army
+De Rivera Gov’t
Initiated policies to help the poor and modernize Spain Introduced public works programs
Built roads, dams for hydro-electricity Followed Mussolini’s model of a
Corporate State, but this resulted in labour gaining more influence
Increased taxes paid by the rich Borrowed money to pay for programs
Policies fail Inflation ended up hurting the poor
more resulting in further disparity His biggest supporters (Army and
Church) are reactionary and do not support reform
Would not take on Spain’s biggest need (Agrarian Reform)
A New Motto for Spain. King Alfonso. "So you want to start these reforms at once; not put them off till to-morrow, which is supposed to be our Spanish way with everything?" President of
the Directory. "Yes, Sire, we have no mananas to-day." (cartoon showing King Alfono XIII of Spain holding a Directory of Reforms during the
InterWar era)
+Fall of De Rivera and the Monarchy Loses the support of the Army Never supported his seizure to begin Injected politics into army promotions
Loses support of the King Did not solve the country’s problems,
especially with the beginning of the depression
Student protest against the dictatorship and the King for supporting it
Jan 1930 – De Rivera resigns and the King appoints a new General to govern People believe the monarch is
discredited because it supported the dictatorship
April ‘31 – Army General informs the King that he does not have the support of the army
14 April 1931 – King Alfonso abdicates
Have the problems facing Spain when De Rivera took over been fixed?What issues do you think the upcoming civil war in 1936 will revolve around?