Populations:
◦ Animal Models:
advantages:disadvantages:
How do we study brain/behavior relationships?
populations with injuries or disease
normal populations
Human Models
History:
◦ phrenology:
Humans
Assessment of Structure vs Function
Non-invasive ways of viewing brain function
CT or Cat Scan
Structure
CT or Cat Scan
◦3 D xrays
Structure
CT or Cat Scan
MRI's
Structure
magnetic resonance imaging
EEG - electroencephalogram
Ways to look at function
EEG – electroencephalogram
◦ ERPs – evoked related potentials
Ways to look at function
PET scans◦ rCBF – regional cerebral blood flow
Premise – more blood flow means more (neuronal) activity
Ways to look at function
PET scans◦ rCBF
◦ 2DG – 2 deoxyglucose Premise – need for more sugar – need for more
energy – more (neuronal) activity
Ways to look at function
PET scans◦ rCBG
◦ 2DG
Ways to look at function
fMRIs
Structure and Function
Histological analysis
Lesion studies ◦ Rationale – if an area is damaged and behavior
changes….. the neurons in that area play a role?
More Invasive methodology
Electrical stimulation
◦ Rationale: if we stimulate an area and we produce or stop a particular behavior….the neurons in that region are important for that behavior
Delgado’s classic experiment
Electrical stimulation
Pharmacological manipulations◦ Use of drugs and various agents
Microdialysis- looks at the amount of neurotransmitter released in a region of the brain….
a lot more techniques are available