Soaps

By: KateLyn Powers

Soaps are made from fats and

oils that react with lye (sodium hydroxide).

Soaps

Solid fats like coconut oil, palm oil, tallow, or

lard, are used to make bars of soap that stay hard and resist shaping in the water left in the soap dish.

Soaps

Saponification is the hydrolysis of a carboxylic

acid under normal conditions. The products are a carboxylic acid form of salt and a form of alcohol.

Soaps

Carboxylic acid salt

Alcohol

Saponification

To change the salt to the corresponding

carboxylic acid, acidic workup of the mixture is required.

Soaps

Salt turning into carboxylic acid salt.

The basic structure of all soaps is most of the

time the same, consisting of a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon "tail" and a hydrophilic anionic "head“

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH

2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COO − or CH 3 (CH 2 ) n COO −

Soaps

The length of the hydrocarbon

chain changes with the type of fat or oil that id used but is usually long.

Soaps

The anionic charge on the carboxylate

head is most of the time, balanced by a positively charged potassium or sodium cation.

Soaps

When you make soap, triglycerides in fat or

oils are heated while in front of a strong alkali base such as sodium hydroxide, making three molecules of soap for every molecule of glycerol.

Soaps

Soap also keeps you clean!!!

Soaps

http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ru-Sp/Soa

p.html http://www.science.uvu.edu

Works Cited