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The Americans Arrive

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The Americans Arrive

“Doughboys”—Am soldiers Fresh, eager to fight Boosted morale of Allies Demoralized Germans

Winning the War at Sea

Admiral William S. Sims—no Am troopships sunk on journey to Euro

Sims proposed merchant ships travel in convoys protected by destroyers

If one ship sunk others could rescue survivors

Russia Leaves the War

March 1917—riots in Russia over the gov’t handling the war and food/fuel shortage

Czar Nicholas II abdicates

Russian Revolution Provisional gov’t set up didn’t deal with problems Bolshevik Party

Vladimir Lenin Overthrew provisional gov’t Communist gov’t (Nov 1917)

Russia Leaves the War (con’t)

Communist gov’t pulls out of war Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918)

Russia lost Ukraine, Polish/Baltic territories, and Finland

Americans Enter Combat

Owe France a debt (Rev War)

Gen. John J. Pershing Commander of Am Expeditionary Force Paris: July 4, 1917

Visited grave of Marquis de Lafayette Brits/French wanted Am troops to come under their

command, but Pershing said that Am fight under Am EXCEPTION: 93rd Infantry under French command

First Am to enter combat

Germany’s Last Offensive

March 21, 1918—Massive German attack on Western front Gas Artillery bombardment Strengthened w/ reinforcements from Russian front June 1918 40m from Paris

Germany’s Last Offensive (con’t)

Am troops launched first major attack

Am/ French troops blocked German drive to Paris

July 15 last massive attack by Germans stopped by Am/French

The Battle of the Argonne Forest

French Marshal Ferdinand Foch supreme commander of Allied forced

Pershing 600,000 Am troops 40,000 tons supplies 4,000 artillery Most massive attack in Am history

Start: Sept 26, 1918

Nov Am shattered German defenses and opened a hole on the eastern front of German lines. Germans began to retreat

American Heroes

Alvin York

Tried to avoid draft as conscientious objector, but eventually decided it was just cause

Oct 8, 1918 Battle of Argonne Forest

9-25 Germans killed, captured machine guns, 132 prisoners

Medal of Honor

French Croix de Guerre

Alvin York Institute—school for poor in TN

American Heroes

Edie Rickenbacker

Race car driver

Commander of 94th Aero Squadron 1st all-Am to combat

134 air battles

Shot down 26 aircraft

Top Am combat pilot

1 to 7 against Germans, once

Medal of Honor

The War Ends

Revolution in Austria-Hungary

Oct 1918—Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia declared independence

Nov—Austro-Hungarian Empire and Ottoman Empire surrendered

The War Ends (con’t)

Nov 3—Sailors mutiny in Kiel (German fleet) Workers and soldiers seized power in German towns German emperor steps down

Nov 9—Germany becomes a republic

Nov 11—Armistice 11th hour on 11th day of 11th month 1918 fighting

ends