¡¡VIVA MEXÍCO!VIVA MEXÍCO!

31 estados

1 distrito federal

CapítalLa Ciudad de

Mexico

Himno Nacional de

Mexico

SPANISHSPANISH

ROMAN ROMAN CATHOLICISMCATHOLICISM

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

OFFICIAL RELIGION

Industries• Petroleum

• Silver

• Gold

• Lead

• Copper

• Tourism

GOVERNMENT

• Official name Estados Unidos Mexicanos

• Federal Republic

• Independence Day September 16

Felipe Calderón

• Mexico’s president

• Elections every 6 years

HISTORÍA

Major Historical Events

• Native civilizations flourish.• 1519 - Spanish conquistadors arrive• 1810 - Mexican independence from Spain • Mexican American War• French invasion of Mexico (Cinco de Mayo)• Mexican Revolution• NAFTA

Early Civilizations Flourish

• Olmecs (1200-600BC)

• Maya (250-900AD)

• Toltecs (1200s)

• Aztec (1300s)

Maya

Aztec

Toltec

Olmecs

TenochtitlanAztec capital

1300 AD

Teotihuacan, Mexico

Olmec stone heads found in

Mexico near the Gulf of Mexico.

Spanish Conquistadors Arrive

• Spanish conquistadors arrived in Mexico in 1519.

• They had superior technology such as guns and horses.

• But the deadliest weapon of the Spanish was…

DISEASESmallpox

Syphillis

Measles

Smallpox killed thousands of Natives

Hernan Cortez,

Spanish conquistador

Montezuma

1410 AD - 1469 AD  The Great Aztec

Emperor

Mexican Independence

from Spain1810

Spain controlled Mexico until 1810

• Nueva España

• Dominace of the peninsulares

• Resentment of the creoles and mestizos.

• Influence of the philosophes and the American Revolution.

Leader of Mexican Independence

Father Miguel Hidalgo

•Catholic priest in village called Delores

•Grito de Delores “¡Mexicanos, Viva Mexico!”

•September 16, 1810

•Led Indians and mestizos to rise up against the oppressive Spanish.

•Executed

Mexicans celebrate September 16 as

their dia de independencia

(independence day) just as we celebrate

the 4th of July.

Mexican-American War*

(1846-1848)*Or sometimes referred to as the United

States and Mexico War*Or sometimes referred to as the United

States and Mexico War

Causes

• Manifest Destiny– Belief that the US should expand to the Pacific.– Mexico had refused to sell its territory.

• Texas Independence– Many people who settled Texas were from the

United States.– Texas declared its independence from Mexico.– Texas asked to join the United States.

General Zachary Taylor

General Zachary Taylor

President James K. Polk

President James K. Polk

General Santa Anna

General Santa Anna

Leaders of the Mexican American War

The Alamo was part of the Mexican American War.

Results of the Mexican American War

• United States won.

• Texas became a state.

• Mexico ceded almost half its territory to the US in exchange for $15 million.

• 13,000 Americans killed.

Territory ceded to the US.

France Invades Mexico!

French invasion of Mexico (1862)

Causes• Mexico owed France

money.• France wanted to add

Mexico to its empire

Results• Mexico is ruled by the

dictator Maximilian until 1867.

Cinco de Mayo

¿Qué es Cinco de Mayo?

• Puebla, Mexico

• Mexican army defeated French forces on May 5th, 1862.

• Holiday celebrated today in Mexico and the United States.

Mexican Revolution

(1910)

Mexican RevolutionCauses• Unequal land

distribution• Class inequalities

(small group had all the power)

• Rival factions wanting power

Results• Constitution of 1917• Land reform

Profirio Diaz (1830-1915)

• President and dictator (1876-1911)

• Rurales (special police)

• Resigned and was exiled (1911)

Francisco Madero (1873-1913)

• Son of a wealthy Mexican landowner

• Became president in 1911.

• Opposed Diaz

• Assassinated in 1913.

Pancho Villa (1877-1923)•Opponent of Diaz, Opponent of Diaz, supporter of Maderosupporter of Madero

•Folk heroFolk hero

•BandidoBandido

•RevolucionarioRevolucionario

•Assassinated in Assassinated in 19231923

•Opponent of Diaz, Opponent of Diaz, supporter of Maderosupporter of Madero

•Folk heroFolk hero

•BandidoBandido

•RevolucionarioRevolucionario

•Assassinated in Assassinated in 19231923

La Cultura de Mexico

MusicaLos Mariachis

La Corrida de Toros

La Corrida de Toros

Famous Painters

Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo

1886-1957

Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo

1886-1957

Blood of the Revolutionary Martyrs Fertilizing the Earth 1926

Blood of the Revolutionary Martyrs Fertilizing the Earth 1926

Man at the Crossroads (Hombre en una Encrucijada) Fresco, 1934

Rivera painted this mural on the wall of the Rockefeller Center in New York. However, it was

destroyed after Rockefeller and Rivera could not agree on the interpretation of the mural.

Man at the Crossroads (Hombre en una Encrucijada) Fresco, 1934

Rivera painted this mural on the wall of the Rockefeller Center in New York. However, it was

destroyed after Rockefeller and Rivera could not agree on the interpretation of the mural.

Diego on My Mind 1943

(Frida as Tehuana)

Diego on My Mind 1943

(Frida as Tehuana)

JOSE CLEMENTE OROZCO1883 - 1949

JOSE CLEMENTE OROZCO1883 - 1949

"Hidalgo Incendiario" "Hidalgo Incendiario" ("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")

"Hidalgo Incendiario" "Hidalgo Incendiario" ("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")

Diego and Orozco were influenced by the Mexican

Revolution.They both traveled and painted in

the United States.They were both noted muralists.

They were both Socialists.

Famous Writers

• Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648 – 1695)

• Carlos Fuentes (1928-)

• Octavio Paz(1914-1998) – Nobel Prize in Literature 1990