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OTA105105 OptiX OSN series Networking and Application
ISSUE 1.30
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Upon completion this course, you will be able to:
Outline network topology structures.
Illustrate basic SDH network elements.
Describe the survivable network and protection
mechanisms.
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References
OptiX OSN series Networking and
Application Technical Manual.
ITU-T Recommendation G.841 (Oct, 1998)
Types and characteristics of SDH network
protection architectures.
ITU-T Recommendation G.810 (Aug, 1996)
Definitions and terminology for
synchronization networks ITU-T
Recommendation G.803.
ITU-T Recommendation G.803 (Aug, 2003)
Architecture of transport networks based on
the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
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Chapter 1 Network Topology Structures
Chapter 2 Common Network Elements
Chapter 3 Survivable Network and
Protection Mechanisms
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Introduction
An SDH network consists of Network
Elements (NE) interconnected with optical
fiber. The geometrical layout of NEs and
transmission lines is called the network
topology.
The efficiency, reliability and the cost
performance of the network highly depend
on its topology.
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Classification of Topology Structures
Network Topology Structures
Chain Network
Star Network
Tree Network
Ring Network
Mesh Network
Note: Chain network, ring network and mesh network
are normally used.
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A
Chain Network
In chain network, all nodes are connected one after another
on a line with both ends open.
Chain network is used when the networks nodes are arranged in a long
line, e. g. along railway lines, highways, power supply lines, etc.
B C D E
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Star Network In star network there is a central node to which the other nodes are
directly connected. There are no direct links between other nodes.
Star network is mainly used in access networks or rural telephone networks in which nodes are scattered here and there and the services are not important.
FB
A
E
D
C
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E
Tree Network A tree network can be considered as a combination of the chain
and the star topologies.
D
Tree network is suitable for broadcast services.
A
CB
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Ring Network Ring network is such structure in which all nodes are connected
one after another to form a circle.
A
D
Ring network is widely used in SDH networking due to its high
survivability.
E
C
B
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Mesh Network Mesh network is such a structure in which many nodes are
interconnected together via direct links.
Mesh network is suitable for the regions with large amount of
traffic and for high hierarchy communication networks.
D
E
A
B
C
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Sub-Network
In backbone networks or large region networks, there
are a large number of NEs and links. In order to simplify
the network management, a large network can be
divided into several sub-networks according to the
administrative regions.
A sub-network functions as a
container. It can include NEs,
links and even the lower level
sub-networks.
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NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
SubnetNE
NE
NENENENE
NE
NE
NE
Sub-Network
Sub-network A Sub-network B
Sub-network CSub-network D
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Summary
Network topology structures can be classified into five basic categories:
Chain Network
Star Network
Tree Network
Ring Network
Mesh Network
Sub-Network plays an important role when managing large networks.
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Chapter 1 Network Topology Structures
Chapter 2 Common Network Elements
Chapter 3 Survivable Network and
Protection Mechanisms
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Common Network Elements
Terminal Multiplexer (TM)
Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)
Multiple ADD/Drop Multiplexer (MADM)
Regenerator (REG)
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TM
STM-1/4/16/64
Low-rate SDH signal
PDH signal. etc.
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TM Applications:
Point-to-Point Network
Chain Network
Ring-Chain Combination
TM TM
TM TMADM
TM
ADM
ADM
ADM ADM
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Configure a TM:
Tributary Unit
: 2M
PD1: slot 7
Line Unit :
STM-16
SL16: slot 12
TM
SLOT 5 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 4 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 17
SLOT 16
SLOT 15 D75S
SLOT 14
SLOT 6
SLOT 7 PD1
SLOT 8
SLOT 9
SLOT 10 AUX
SLOT 18 PIU
SLOT 19 PIU
Slot 20
FANSLOT 13
SLOT 12 SL16
SLOT 11
OSN 1500B
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TM
Configure a TM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PL1: slot 6, 7
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 12
OSN 1500A
SLOT 5 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 4 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 6 PL1
SLOT 7 PL1
SLOT 8
SLOT 9
SLOT 10 AUX
SLOT 20
FAN SLOT 13
SLOT 12 SL16
SLOT 1 PIU SLOT 11 PIU
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Configure a TM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 6
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 8
TM
SLOT3
SLOT2
D75S
SLOT1
D75S
SLOT4
Fiber routing panelSLOT 22
PIUSLOT 25
PIUSLOT 23
FANSLOT 24
FAN
SLOT17
SLOT16
SLOT15
SLOT18
SLOT8
SL16
SLOT9
CXL1/4or16
SLOT10
CXL1/4or16
SLOT11
SLOT12
SLOT13
SLOT14
SAP
SLOT5
SLOT6
PQ1
SLOT7
OSN 2500
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Configure a TM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 2
Line Unit : STM-64
SL64: slot 8
TM
OSN 3500
Fiber Routing
FAN FAN FAN
SLOT 1
SLOT 2
PQ1
SLOT 3
SLOT 4
SLOT 5
SLOT 6
SLOT 7
SLOT 8
SL64
SLOT 11
SLOT 12
SLOT 13
SLOT 14
SLOT 15
SLOT 16
SLOT 9
XCS
SLOT 10
XCS
SLOT 19
D75S
SLOT 20
D75S
SLOT 21
SLOT 22
SLOT 23
SLOT 24
SLOT 25
SLOT 26
SLOT 29
SLOT 30
SLOT 31
SLOT 32
SLOT 33
SLOT 34
SLOT 35
SLOT 36
SLOT 27
PIU
SLOT 28
PIU
SLOT 37
AUX
SLOT 17
SCC
SLOT 18
SCC
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Configure a TM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 2
Line Unit : STM-64
SL64: slot 8
TM
OSN 7500
SLOT1
SLOT2
SLOT3
SLOT4
SLOT5
SLOT6
SLOT7
SLOT8
SLOT9
SLOT11
SLOT12
SLOT13
SLOT14
SLOT15
SLOT16
SLOT18
X
C
S
A
SLOT17
Fiber routing Fiber routing
SLOT26
SLOT27
SLOT28
SLOT29
SLOT30
SLOT31
Fiber routingFiber routing Fiber routing
SLOT25
SLOT24
S
C
C
A
SLOT19
SLOT20
SLOT21
SLOT22
SLOT23
EO
W
PIU
AP
IUB
SLOT32
SLOT33
SLOT34
SLOT35
SLOT36
SLOT37
SLOT38
AU
X
P
Q
1
S
L
6
4
FAN FAN FAN
S
C
C
B
D
7
5
S
D
7
5
S
SLOT10
X
C
S
B
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ADM
STM-1/4/16/64 STM-1/4/16/64
Low-rate SDH signal
PDH signal. etc.
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Applications:
Chain Network
Ring Network
ADM
TM TMADM ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM ADM
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Configure an ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PD1: slot 7
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 12, 13
ADM
OSN 1500B
SLOT 5 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 4 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 17
SLOT 16
SLOT 15 D75S
SLOT 14
SLOT 6
SLOT 7 PD1
SLOT 8
SLOT 9
SLOT 10 AUX
SLOT 18 PIU
SLOT 19 PIU
Slot 20
FAN SLOT 13 SL16
SLOT 12 SL16
SLOT 11
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Configure an ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PL1: slot 6, 7
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 12, 13
ADM
OSN 1500A
SLOT 5 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 4 CXL1/4, CXL16
SLOT 6 PL1
SLOT 7 PL1
SLOT 8
SLOT 9
SLOT 10 AUX
SLOT 20
FAN SLOT 13 SL16
SLOT 12 SL16
SLOT 1 PIU SLOT 11 PIU
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Configure an ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 6
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 8, 11
ADM
OSN 2500
SLOT3
SLOT2
D75S
SLOT1
D75S
SLOT4
Fiber routing panelSLOT 22
PIUSLOT 25
PIUSLOT 23
FANSLOT 24
FAN
SLOT17
SLOT16
SLOT15
SLOT18
SLOT8
SL16
SLOT9
CXL1/4or16
SLOT10
CXL1/4or16
SLOT11
SL16
SLOT12
SLOT13
SLOT14
SAP
SLOT5
SLOT6
PQ1
SLOT7
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Configure an ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 2
Line Unit : STM-64
SL64: slot 8, 11
ADM
OSN 3500Fiber Routing
FAN FAN FAN
SLOT 1
SLOT 2
PQ1
SLOT 3
SLOT 4
SLOT 5
SLOT 6
SLOT 7
SLOT 8
SL64
SLOT 12
SLOT 13
SLOT 14
SLOT 15
SLOT 16
SLOT 9
XCS
SLOT 10
XCS
SLOT 19
D75S
SLOT 20
D75S
SLOT 21
SLOT 22
SLOT 23
SLOT 24
SLOT 25
SLOT 26
SLOT 29
SLOT 30
SLOT 31
SLOT 32
SLOT 33
SLOT 34
SLOT 35
SLOT 36
SLOT 27
PIU
SLOT 28
PIU
SLOT 37
AUX
SLOT 17
SCC
SLOT 18
SCC
SLOT 11
SL64
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Configure an ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 2
Line Unit : STM-64
SL64: slot 8, 11
ADM
OSN 7500
SLOT1
SLOT2
SLOT3
SLOT4
SLOT5
SLOT6
SLOT7
SLOT8
SLOT9
SLOT10
SLOT11
SLOT12
SLOT13
SLOT14
SLOT15
SLOT16
SLOT18
X
C
S
A
SLOT17
Fiber routing Fiber routing
SLOT26
SLOT27
SLOT28
SLOT29
SLOT30
SLOT31
Fiber routingFiber routing Fiber routing
SLOT25
SLOT24
S
C
C
A
SLOT19
SLOT20
SLOT21
SLOT22
SLOT23
EO
W
PIU
AP
IUB
SLOT32
SLOT33
SLOT34
SLOT35
SLOT36
SLOT37
SLOT38
AU
X
P
Q
1
S
L
6
4
FAN FAN FAN
X
C
S
B
S
C
C
B
D
7
5
S
D
7
5
S
S
L
6
4
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MADM
ADM ADM
MADM
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MADM
STM-1/4/16/64STM-1/4/16/64
STM-1/4/16/64 STM-1/4/16/64
Low-rate SDH signal
PDH signal. etc.
...
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Configure a double ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PD1: slot 7
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 4, 5, 12, 13
MADM
OSN 1500B
SLOT 5 CXL16
SLOT 4 CXL16
SLOT 17
SLOT 16
SLOT 15 D75S
SLOT 14
SLOT 6
SLOT 7 PD1
SLOT 8
SLOT 9
SLOT 10 AUX
SLOT 18 PIU
SLOT 19 PIU
Slot 20
FAN SLOT 13 SL16
SLOT 12 SL16
SLOT 11
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Configure a double ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PL1: slot 6, 7
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 4, 5, 12, 13
MADM
OSN 1500A
SLOT 5 CXL16
SLOT 4 CXL16
SLOT 6 PL1
SLOT 7 PL1
SLOT 8
SLOT 9
SLOT 10 AUX
SLOT 20
FAN SLOT 13 SL16
SLOT 12 SL16
SLOT 1 PIU SLOT 11 PIU
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Configure a double ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 6
Line Unit : STM-16
SL16: slot 8, 9, 10,
11
MADM
OSN 2500
SLOT3
SLOT2
D75S
SLOT1
D75S
SLOT4
Fiber routing panelSLOT 22
PIUSLOT 25
PIUSLOT 23
FANSLOT 24
FAN
SLOT17
SLOT16
SLOT15
SLOT18
SLOT8
SL16
SLOT9
CXL16
SLOT10
CXL16
SLOT11
SL16
SLOT12
SLOT13
SLOT14
SAP
SLOT5
SLOT6
PQ1
SLOT7
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Configure a double
ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 2
Line Unit : STM-64
SL64: slot 8, 11
slot 7, 12
MADM
OSN 3500
Fiber Routing
FAN FAN FAN
SLOT 1
SLOT 2
PQ1
SLOT 3
SLOT 4
SLOT 5
SLOT 6
SLOT 7
SL64
SLOT 8
SL64
SLOT 12
SL64
SLOT 13
SLOT 14
SLOT 15
SLOT 16
SLOT 9
XCS
SLOT 10
XCS
SLOT 19
D75S
SLOT 20
D75S
SLOT 21
SLOT 22
SLOT 23
SLOT 24
SLOT 25
SLOT 26
SLOT 29
SLOT 30
SLOT 31
SLOT 32
SLOT 33
SLOT 34
SLOT 35
SLOT 36
SLOT 27
PIU
SLOT 28
PIU
SLOT 37
AUX
SLOT 17
SCC
SLOT 18
SCC
SLOT 11
SL64
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Configure a double
ADM:
Tributary Unit : 2M
PQ1: slot 2
Line Unit : STM-64
SL64: slot 8, 11
slot 7, 12
MADM
OSN 7500
SLOT1
SLOT2
SLOT3
SLOT4
SLOT5
SLOT6
SLOT7
SLOT8
SLOT9
SLOT10
SLOT11
SLOT12
SLOT13
SLOT14
SLOT15
SLOT16
SLOT18
X
C
S
A
SLOT17
Fiber routing Fiber routing
SLOT26
SLOT27
SLOT28
SLOT29
SLOT30
SLOT31
Fiber routingFiber routing Fiber routing
SLOT25
SLOT24
S
C
C
A
SLOT19
SLOT20
SLOT21
SLOT22
SLOT23
EO
W
PIU
AP
IUB
SLOT32
SLOT33
SLOT34
SLOT35
SLOT36
SLOT37
SLOT38
AU
X
P
Q
1
S
L
6
4
FAN FAN FAN
X
C
S
B
S
C
C
B
D
7
5
S
D
7
5
S
S
L
6
4
S
L
6
4
S
L
6
4
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STM-1/4/16/64 STM-1/4/16/64
REG
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Configure a REG:
Line Unit : STM-64
SL64: slot 8, 11
REG
SLOT3
SLOT2
SLOT1
SLOT4
Fiber routing panelSLOT 22
PIUSLOT 25
PIUSLOT 23
FANSLOT 24
FAN
SLOT17
SLOT16
SLOT15
SLOT18
SLOT8
SL64
SLOT9
CRG
SLOT10
CRG
SLOT11
SL64
SLOT12
SLOT13
SLOT14
SAP
SLOT5
SLOT6
SLOT7
UnusedSF64/16SL64/16
OSN 2500 Sub-rack
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Summary
There are four NE types for SDH network
elements: TM, ADM, MADM and REG.
TM is used at the end stations.
ADM is used at the intermediate stations.
MADM is a multi-ADM NE, functioning as core
unit for constructing various networks.
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Chapter 1 Network Topology Structures
Chapter 2 Common Network Elements
Chapter 3 Survivable Network and
Protection Mechanisms
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What is a Survivable Network?
A network that is capable of restoring services within a very
short period and without any human intervention in the event of
a failure is called a survivable network.
Requirements for survivability of network includes…
Standby routes.
Powerful cross-connect capability.
Intelligence of Nodes.
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Classification of Protection MechanismProtection Mechanism of survivable network can be classified as follows:
Linear Multiplex Section Protection
Protection Rings
Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
1+1 MSP1:N MSP
Path Protection (PP) Ring *
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) Ring
2-fiber unidirectional PP Ring (Diverse Route)
2-fiber bidirectional PP Ring (Uniform Route)
2-fiber unidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS DPRing)
2-fiber bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing)
4-fiber bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing)
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Chapter 3 Survivable Network and Protection Mechanisms
3.1 Linear Protection
3.2 MSP Ring
3.3 Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
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Linear Protection System
Linear protection systems are the simplest among the
protection mechanism and are mainly used in traditional
systems.
Protection Channel
Working Channel
A B C D
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1+1 Linear MSP SystemIn 1+1 linear MSP system, protection is realized via the “concurrent sending and selective receiving” function.
When the working channel fails, both sides switch to receive from the protection channel.
Each side sends the service on both working and protection channels, but receives only from working channel.
Switching
BA
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1+1 Linear MSP System
Switching modes of 1+1 linear MSP system:
Unidirectional switching or Bidirectional switching
Revertible mode or Non-revertible mode
Result:
Unidirectional switching in revertible mode
Unidirectional switching in non-revertible mode
Bidirectional switching in revertible mode
Bidirectional switching in non-revertible mode
APS protocol necessity:
Unnecessary for unidirectional switching in non-revertible mode
Necessary for other modes
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1:N Linear MSP SystemIn 1:N linear MSP system, one protection channel protects the services on N working channels.
Protection Channel
Working Channel 1
Working Channel 2
Working Channel N
NE A NE B
Extra TrafficNormal Traffic
SwitchingSwitching Switching Switching
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1:N Linear MSP System
Switching modes of 1:N linear MSP system:
Bidirectional switching
Revertible mode
APS protocol necessity:
Necessary
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Linear Protection System
Features:
Based on TM (Terminal Multiplexer)
Switch within point and point
2 minutes later after configuration, APS protocol starts
automatically
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Summary: Linear Protection System
Protection switching criteria are SF and SD:
SF (Signal Fail): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC.
SD (Signal Degrade): B2_SD.
APS Necessity:
Except for unidirectional switching in non-revertible mode
1+1 MSP system, the others require the APS protocol.
Network Capacity:
1+1 linear MSP system: 1STM-N.
1:N linear MSP system without extra traffic: NSTM-N.
1:N linear MSP system with extra traffic: (1+N) STM-N.
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Questions
Which protection switches fastest?
Which one can carry extra traffic?
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Chapter 3 Survivable Network and Protection Mechanisms
3.1 Linear Protection
3.2 MSP Ring
3.3 Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
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Protection Rings: Classification
Protection rings can be classified as follows:
Based on traffic protection levels
Path Protection (PP) Ring *
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) Ring
Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP) Based on traffic direction
Unidirectional protection ring
Bidirectional protection ring Based on the number of fibers
Two-fiber protection ring
Four-fiber protection ring
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NE AE W
W E NE C
NE BW
E
E
WNE D
Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing)
Fiber connection:
Dual slots are necessary.
West is in the left dual slot,
East is in the right dual slot.
out
in
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Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing) Half of each fiber (1~N/2 VC4) is defined as the working channel (S) and
another half (N/2+1~N VC4) is defined as the protection channel (P).
NE B
NE C
NE D
NE A
2f_MS SPRing
STM-16
Working channel (S): :#1VC4~#8VC4
S1S2 P1
Protection channel (P): #9VC4~#16VC4
P2
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Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing)
The profile view of one fiber for STM-16 2f_MS SPRing is shown below.
VC-4 #1VC-4 #2VC-4 #3VC-4 #4VC-4 #5VC-4 #6VC-4 #7VC-4 #8VC-4 #9VC-4 #10VC-4 #11VC-4 #12VC-4 #13VC-4 #14VC-4 #15VC-4 #16
Working channel
Protection channel
Fiber
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NE B
NE C
NE D
NE A
2f_MS SPRingSTM-16
Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing)
S1
S2
Normal traffic flow between NE A and NE C:
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NE C
NE D
NE A
2f_MS SPRingSTM-16
Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing) If the fibers between A and B are broken, the service between A and C will
NE B
S1
P1
S2
P2
P2 be switched to the protection channels.
Bridging
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NE B
NE C
NE D
NE A
2f_MS SPRingSTM-16
Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing)
S1
S2
After the fibers between A and B are restored, the service will be normal 10minutes later.
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Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing)
Protection switching trigger conditions: Automatic protection switching
− SF (Signal Failure): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC− SD (Signal Degrade): B2_SD
External initiated protection switching− Forced switch− Manual switch− Exercise switch
Protection switching restoration: Automatic protection switching
− Clear of SF (Signal Failure): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC− Clear of SD (Signal Degrade): B2_SD− WTR (Wait to Restore): 10 minutes (5-12 minutes provisionable)
External commands− Clear of Forced switch− Clear of Manual switch
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Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing) APS controller:
Processes APS protocol and algorithm
− APS protocol is carried in the K1, K2 bytes.
Transition of APS controller status:
I = Idle
P = Pass-through
S = Switching
WTR = Wait to Restore
P
WTR
WTR P
I
I
I I
P
S
S P
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Two-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (2f_MS SPRing)
Features of 2f_MS SPRing:
Advantages:
− Time slots can be reused
− High network capacity: ½ x M x STM-N
Disadvantages:
− Mechanism is complicated
− Maximum number of nodes on one ring is limited to 16
Application:
− Mainly for STM-4 and STM-16 or above systems
− Scattered traffic distribution
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Four-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing) Structure:
Four fibers
Working channels--S1,S2, carry normal traffic
Protection channels--P1,P2, protect normal traffic
A
DC
EF
B
S1
S2
P1
P2
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A
DC
EF
B
A->DD->A
A->DD->A
S1
S2
P1
P2
Traffic flow when network is normal:
Working channels=S1, S2
Protection channels=P1, P2
Four-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing)
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Traffic flow after the working channel (s) is (are) broken only:
Span switching
Four-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing)
A
DC
EF
B
A->DD->A
A->DD->A
S1
S2
P1
P2
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A
DC
EF
B
S1
S2
P1
P2
A->D
A->DD->A
D->A
Traffic flow after the working and protection channels are broken:
Ring switching
Four-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing)
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Four-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing)
Protection switching trigger conditions:
Automatic protection switching: Ring or Span
− SF (Signal Failure): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC
− SD (Signal Degrade): B2_SD
External initiated protection switching: Ring or Span
− Forced switch
− Manual switch
− Exercise switch
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Four-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing)
Protection switching restoration:
Automatic protection switching: Ring or Span
− Clear of SF (Signal Failure): R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, B2_EXC
− Clear of SD (Signal Degrade): B2_SD
− WTR (Wait to Restore): 10 minutes (5-12 minutes provisionable)
External command: Ring or Span
− Clear of Forced switch
− Clear of Manual switch
APS controller status:
Idle
Switching
Pass-through
WTR
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Four-fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring (4f_MS SPRing)
Features of 4f_MS SPRing:
Advantages:
− Time slots can be reused
− High network capacity: M*STM-N
Disadvantages:
− Mechanism is complicated
− Maximum number of nodes on one ring is limited to 16
− Expensive
Application:
− Mainly STM-16 or above system
− Scattered traffic distribution
− Backbone system
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Summary: MSP Ring
MSP ring 2f_MS SPRing 4f_MS SPRing
Similarity
APS protocol necessary
Nodes number on MSP ring ≤16
SCC unit configures MSP protocol
Dual slots
Bidirectional and dispersed services
Difference
K*STM-N/2 capacity
(without extra service)
K*STM-N capacity
(without extra service)
Unique span switch
K1&K2 in protection fiber
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Chapter 3 Survivable Network and Protection Mechanisms
3.1 Linear Protection
3.2 MSP Ring
3.3 Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
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Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
Description:
Protect one Sub-Network
Connection
Can be adapted to all networks
SNCStarting Node
SNCTerminationNode
ProtectionSNC
WorkingSNC
Sub-Network 1
Sub-Network 2
NE A NE B
Selector
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Protection mechanism
Concurrent sending
(transmitting end)
Selective receiving
(receiving end)
A
B
C
D
in
out
out
out
out
out
out
out
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
SNCP Ring
2M
2M
STM-N
Sub-Network 1
Sub-Network 2
Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)Concurrent sending
Selective receiving
out
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Protection mechanism
Concurrent sending
(transmitting end)
Selective receiving
(receiving end)
A
B
C
D
in
out
out
out
out
out
out
out
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
SNCP Ring
2M
2M
STM-N
Sub-Network 1
Sub-Network 2
Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
Concurrent sending
Selective receivingSwitching
out
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Protection Restoration:
Restoration time - 10 minutes (5-12 minutes provisionable)
Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
10 minutes later
A
B
C
D
switching
S1
P1A
B
C
D
S1
P1
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Working source Protection source
Service sink
Detection point
Protection switching trigger conditions
Default
− AU_AIS, AU_LOP, TU_AIS, TU_LOP, HP_LOM, HP_UNEQ
B3_EXC, Unplug the line card
Optional
− HP_TIM, HP_SLM, B3_SD
Sub-Network Connection Protection (SNCP)
SNCP service
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Summary
A survivable network is capable of restoring services within a very short
time and without any human intervention in the event of a failure.
Linear protection networks can be classified into 1+1 linear MSP system
and 1:N linear MSP system.
Ring protection networks can be classified into Path Protection (PP) ring,
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) ring, and Sub-Network Protection
(SNCP).
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Summary
Item 2f_MS SPRing SNCP
APS protocol necessary unnecessary
Typical services Bidirectional and distributed unidirectional and centralized
Switch level (objective) MS SNC services
Suitable networking Only ring All topology
Switching implementing boards
LU, XC LU, XC
Switch time ≤50ms ≤50ms
Network Capacity (without extra service)
K*STM-N/2 STM-N
Extra traffic Supported Not supported
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Questions
What is the difference between unidirectional ring and bidirectional
one?
What’s the difference between SNCP and MSP?
Which protection network can carry extra traffic?
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