Post on 17-May-2015
transcript
How to manage PCV2 in gilts?
Dr Jean-Bernard HERIN, Avian and Swine technical and marketing manager Dr Guillaume PERREUL, Swine technical manager
Agenda
• PCV2 and purchased gilts: what is their status versus PCV2 infection?
• PCV2 and gilt acclimatization: benefit of PCV2 vaccination:– purchased gilts – self replacement gilts
• Circovac and results at first farrowing
Material and methods
• 30 nucleus farms• Supplying 4 French pig companies
(representing 25% of French pigs)• No PCV2 vaccination on gilts• 5 gilts/farm sampled on testing • Lab analysis performed: ELISA PCV2
(Synbiotics test)
ELISA PCV2 SYNBIOTICS and interpretation
• Reproductibility:– 30% of variation is considered as normal for this technic
• Seroconversion:– Paired sera– PCV2 titre should double
• Objective: to assess antibodies level homogeneity (like PPV)
Forum d’Athènes
ELISA PCV2 SYNBIOTICS: What kind of applications?
• Gilts PCV2 antibodies status• Quality of vaccination:
– sows– piglets: colotrum intake assessment only
• PCV2 infection– Seroconversion
• Fetal exposure to PCV2:– reproductive failures – thoracical and abdominal fluid
Forum d’Athènes
Results: company A
Farm A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
PCV2 ELISA titre
2077 240 11144 1624 4673 3163
SD (%) 62 52 42 141 102 125
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
Results : company P
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
0
50
100
150
200
250
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
Farm P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
PCV2 ELISA titre
840 585 1712 100 1216 300 1014 2429 6592 3145
SD (%) 123 191 73 100 78 34 146 59 66 84
Results: company C
Farm C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
PCV2 ELISA titre
327 11 349 6592 8949 3003 4457 1022
SD (%) 144 114 188 66 65 63 139 138
0
2000
4000
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10000
12000
14000
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
Results: company D
Farm D1 D2 D3 D5 D6
PCV2 ELISA titre
3455 2611 54 48 15000
SD (%) 187 94 104 88 0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Pf1-29 Pf2-29 Pf3-29 Pf5-29 Pf6-29
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
Low and heterogeneous titers: which consequences?
• Gilts adaptation:– Heterogenous immune status at entry– Risk of PCV2 infection and circulation
• PCVD: – PCV2 immune status of sows heterogeneous
=> piglets with heterogeneous status at weaning => increased risk of PCVD
– PCVD control: major role of CMI• Increased CMI transfered to piglets in vaccinated sows
• Impact on reproductive disorders? – Pr Sarli’s study
Infected sows Négative sows
Pregnant : YES Pregnant : NO Pregnant : YES
16 11 7 0 0 0 11 0* 8
1/102
1/103
1/103
1/104
1/104
1/103
1/103 1/10
41/10
4
PCR PCV2 in blood at D+AI 21 - 35 - 21 7 28 - - - -
Tonsil - - - + - - - - -
Uterine left lymph node + - - - - - - - -
Uterine right lymph node + - - + - - - - -
Tracheo-bronchial lymph node + - - / - / - - -
Cervix - - - - + - - - -
Foetuses (positive/total litter) 10/16 - 3/7 - - - - - -
Amniotic fluids
(positive/total litter)- 1/11 - - - - - - -
Foetus and corresponding uterine tract
(left)7 - - - - + - - -
Foetus and corresponding uterine tract
(right)1 - - - - - - - -
* 3
fœtu
ses
abor
ted
befo
re n
ecro
psy
Sow 25 : the lowest titer and the biggest pcv2
contamination in genital tract
Pr Hans NAUWYNCK
DVM, PhD – Laboratory of Virology –
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Ghent University - Belgium
What should we do?
« You will have to test gilts before entering in farm, and you must not introduce naïve gilts to PCV2.Not to vaccinate gilts against PCV2 is a mistake.»
« You have just one thing to do: vaccinate them, as you do against PPV.»
Agenda
• PCV2 and purchased gilts: what is their status versus PCV2 infection?
• PCV2 and gilt acclimatization: benefit of PCV2 vaccination:– purchased gilts – self replacement gilts
• Circovac and results at first farrowing
Vaccination study with Circovac at the experimental station of Guernevez
Impact on acclimatization and performances of high health
status gilts
High microbial pressure (PCV, SIV)
All gilts seroconverted to PCV2 (ELISA)= infected with PCV2
What could you expect with only PCV2 management?
Gilt health status in quarantine
Material and methods
Animals• 5 vaccinated batches (n= 82)• 4 control batches (n=93)
Circovac vaccination • Primo vaccination of gilts:
– 5 and 2 weeks before entering in quarantine
• Primo vaccination of sows:– 6 and 3 weeks before farrowing
• Booster: 3 weeks before farrowing
AA
BB
Results:clinical monitoring in quarantine
Week N 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non vaccinated
B 20 18Appe (3)Anor (1)
Limp (3) Appe (1) Anor (2)
Nothing Nothing Limp (1) Appe (1) Anor (2) Anor (1)
B 21 18Appe (1)Anor (2)
Appe (1) Appe (1) Appe (2)Appe (2)Diar (2)
Appe (2)Anor (1)
Appe (2)Diar (3)
Appe(2)
B 22 19 Nothing Appe (1) Anor (1) NothingAppe (1)Death (1)
Nothing Nothing Nothing
B 23 20 Appe (1)Appe (1)Death (1)H++ (1)
Appe (1)Anor (1)
Nothing Anor (1)Anor (1)
Death (1)Anor (4) Nothing
B 24 17 Anor (3) Appe (2) Nothing Nothing Appe (1)Loss of weight
Anor (2) Appe (1)
VaccinatedB 26 18 Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Anor (1) Nothing
B 27 16 Anor (1) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing ND ND ND
B 29 15 Nothing Anor (2) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Anor (1) Nothing
B 30 15 Nothing Nothing Nothing Dia (1) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing
• H+ = Hyperthermia from 39,5 to 39,9°C. H++ = Hyperthermia from 40,0 to 40,5°C. H+++ > 40,5°C
•Figure in brackets means number days with clinical signs.
• Diar = Diarrhoea – Appe = Lack of appetite, left-overs- Anor = Anorexia (too much left-overs)- Para = Paralysis - Limp = Limping.
•Figure in brackets means number days with clinical signs.
• ND =No Defined - Death = Mortality.
•Figure in brackets means number of gilts
Less clinical signs in quarantine in the vaccinated batches!
Results:ADWG in quarantine
318
282
355337
327
417
471
434 434
250
300
350
400
450
500
B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B26 B27 B29 B30
Non vaccinated ≈ 325 g/d
Vaccinated
≈ 439 g/d
p < 0,001
Improvement of ADWG of vaccinated gilts!
ADWG 3 weeks after insemination
224
403
200
250
300
350
400
450
Non vaccinated Vaccinated
g/j
ou
rg
/day
Better acclimatization of gilts at entry in farm
Results:weight at the first farrowing
202,5
225,1
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230Weight (kg)
VaccinatedNon
vaccinated
p < 0,05
Importance of the weight at first farrowing(Rolland CARIOLET – « paysan breton »
13th-19th June 2008)
• Under 200 kg at first farrowing, a gilt can’t suckle more than 10 piglets
• From 200 to 210 kg: 11 piglets
• From 210 to 220 kg: 12 piglets
• > 220 kg she can wean 13 piglets
Total born piglets at 1st farrowing
13,03
13,5
12,7
12,8
12,9
13
13,1
13,2
13,3
13,4
13,5
13,6
Non vaccinated Vaccinated
+0.5 total born in vaccinated group
Conclusion
• In quarantine:– better gilt acclimatization: less clinical signs– better growth
• At insemination:– better growth
• At first farrowing:– improvement of born piglets/ litter
Improvement all along the gilt life!
Improvement of reproductive parameters of gilts after Circovac vaccination
Michel NoirritDVM - France
Farm description
• 1600 sows, farrow to finish, Brittany, France
• Internal breeding, GP Topigs A producing Topigs 40 gilts
• Gilts raised separately, 12 weeks in quarantine
• No clinical signs of PMWS after weaning
• PRRS – mass vaccination with
PROGRESSIS® every 3,5 months
– stable situation
Case description
Reproduction parameters
Conception rate (all sows) 95.21% Abortion rate (all sows) 3.75 % Abortion rate (gilts) 7.27 % Mummified foetuses 0.3/litter Still born piglets 0.73/litter
Wean to finish mortality rate 3.5 to 4.5%
Case description
• 15 gilts introduced every week – in a batch of 70 sows– after PRRS, parvovirus and erysipelas vaccination in
quarantine
• Individual housing up to 25 days after AI, then group housing (welfare regulation)
• Abortions up to 80 days of pregnancy: – PCR Leptospira, PRRSV, parvovirus: negative– PCR PCV2: positive on 4 hearts of aborted foetuses
PCV2 Circovac vaccination
• Circovac vaccination on gilts – 11/15 batches– 2 injections during quarantine + booster injection
3 weeks before farrowing
• Circovac mass vaccination of the sow herd– 2 injections at a 3-week-interval
Reproductive parameters before and after Circovac
Non vaccinated gilts
Circovac vaccinated
gilts
p
Gilts (number) 165 165
% return to oestrus 5.1 % 1.8 % 0.125
% abortion (n°) 7.3% (12) 3.6% (6) 0.146
% farrowing 83.9 % 90.5 % 0.072
Mummies/litter 0.3 0.3
Stillborn/litter 0.8 0.8
Weaning to Fecundation interval
8.7 days 5.5 days NA
Conception rate of young sows and immunity
• Fertility rate over 95% = good management of AI• Long period of adaptation
– 12 weeks quarantine– PRRS stabilisation, SMEDI primo-infection
• Nevertheless: 62.5% of returns to heat on parities 1 and 2 before Circovac vaccination
= lack of immunity of naïve young females suspected
PCV2 vaccination seems necessary even without clinical signs of PMWS
Agenda
• PCV2 and purchased gilts: what is their status versus PCV2 infection?
• PCV2 and gilt acclimatization: benefit of PCV2 vaccination:– purchased gilts – self replacement gilts
• CIRCOVAC and results at first farrowing
PORFIMAD study
•
• Comparative study on reproductive parameters:• 10 vaccinated farms
•sows and gilts vaccinated with Circovac for at least one year
• 9 control farms •non vaccinated
28x106/year 18x106/year 0,9x106/year
1,2 106 800x103 44x103
Total born/litter Born alive/litter
13,3
12,8
12
12,2
12,4
12,6
12,8
13
13,2
13,4
P1
Vaccinated Non vaccinated
+ 0,5
Parity
13,3
12,8
12
12,2
12,4
12,6
12,8
13
13,2
13,4
P1
+ 0,4
Parity
Conclusion
• In this study: live born piglets from young sows
• Field studies all over the world demonstrate a significant improvement of the breeding performances after vaccination
• Improvement on 1st farrowing:– it could be explained by low contact with PCV2 before
entering in quarantine in some cases (naive animals)– it emphasizes the importance of gilt vaccination
Discussion
• Low infection rate in gilts in nucleus farms: – Successful management in genetic farms (no rhinitis, no
PRRSV): consequently low viral pressure– But PCV2 is ubiquitous:
• Gilts PCV2 infected with low and heterogenous titers• Some naïve batches (seronegative)
• Introduction of gilts in commercial farm is at risk– Adaptation problems– PCV2 reproductive disorders may happen
• How to protect gilts?– In nucleus farms: vaccination before entering in quarantine– In production farms:
• Routine PCV2 sow vaccination as parvovirus (2 ml, twice)• Booster vaccination before the first farrowing (2 ml)• Role of boar
Thanks for your attention!