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1 © NOKIA
UMTSUMTSNetwork ArchitectureNetwork Architecture
3 © NOKIA
Module topics
• Introduction to UMTS Release 99 architecture
• Radio Access Network
• User Equipment
• Core Network
• UMTS network management solutions
• Review questions
4 © NOKIA
Objectives 1(2)After completing this module the student will be
able to:
• Identify and list the network subsystems of Release 99
• Identify and list the requirements of UMTS mobile terminals
• Briefly explain the network elements used in Release 4
• List and identify the network elements used within the radio access network (RAN), in terms of the name and function
• Briefly explain how base station sites are selected and describe the different cellular transmission solutions available
cont.
5 © NOKIA
Objectives 2(2)• Identify the main functions of the Nokia
RNC
• List and identify the network elements used within the core network in terms of the name and function within the context of Release 99
• List and identify the need for comprehensive network management in UMTS. With the help of the material, identify the framework of the Nokia NetAct solution
without using any references (if not otherwise stated).
6 © NOKIA
Combined GSM/UMTS Rel. 99 PLMNCN (Core Network)
NMS (Network Management Subsystem)
circuit switched (cs) domain
packet switched (ps) domain
commoncs & psnetwork elements
networkelements
for servicegroups
UTRAN(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
GERAN(GSM EDGE Radio Access Network)
new
enhancedGSMcore
network
7 © NOKIA
UMTS Rel. 99 Core NetworkCN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain
packet switched (ps) domain
commoncs & ps
network elements
GERAN
UTRAN
MSC/VLR GMSC
HLREIR AC
GGSNSGSN
PSTN/ISDN
corp.network
WAP
PDNIP-backbone
CG
BillingCentre
BG
Inter-PLMNNetwork
8 © NOKIA
- subscriber profile (temporary)- location information (e.g. LAI)- subscriber identifier (e.g. IMSI, TMSI)
CS-Domain Network entities
Exchange specific functions:- switching - signalling evaluation- operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics)
Mobile communication specific functions- Interrogation of HLR
Mobile communication specific functions- mobility management- mobile specific connection management- interaction with HLR and VLR- interaction with GERAN/UTRAN- transcoding (UMTS only)
Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC)Gateway Mobile services Switching Centre (GMSC)
Exchange specific functions:- switching - signalling evaluation- operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
9 © NOKIA
Common CS- & PS Domain Network Entities
Home Location Register (HLR)• semi-permanent subscriber
profile• location information
Authentication Centre (AuC)generates subscriber related
data for• USIM – VPLMN mutual
authentication• ciphering
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
verification of User Terminal/mobile equipment
10 © NOKIA
PS-Domain Network entities
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
•Network Access Control(authentication, authorisation, admission control, CDR collection, operator determined barring)
•Packet Routing & Transfer(relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)
•Mobility Management
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
•Network Access Control(CDR collection, screening)
•Packet Routing & Transfer(relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)
•Mobility ManagementBorder Gateway
(BG)For secure inter-
PLMN connection
Charging Gateway Function (CGF)intermediate between
SGSN/GGSN and billing centre
11 © NOKIA
Network architecture of Rel 4
• Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient
• Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim
• More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered
• Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services
• GERAN implementation
• Implementation of Rel4 starts already 2002-2003, but most of the implementations can be anticipated in live networks starting from approximately the year 2005.
12 © NOKIA
Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)
HLR
MSC-Server
GMSC-Server
CS-MGW
CS-MGW
UTRAN
GERAN
PSTN, ISDN,PLMN, etc.
CSE
CAP CAP
Iu
Iu
A
A
D C
Nc
Nb
Mc(H.248)
Mc(H.248)
13 © NOKIA
Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)
HLR
MSC-Server
GMSC-Server
CS-MGW
CS-MGW
UTRAN
GERAN
PSTN, ISDN,PLMN, etc.
CSE
CAP CAP
Iu
Iu
A
A
D C
Nc
Nb
Mc(H.248)
Mc(H.248)
• Call control (MOC, MTC)
• VLR functionality• UE-network signalling• Network-network
signalling• Interaction with cs-
MGW• CDR generation
• Interrogation of HLR• Network-network
signalling• Interaction with cs-
MGW• CDR generation
• Bearer control• Bearer channel
termination• Media conversion• Payload processing• Mobile specific
functions
14 © NOKIA
UMTS Release 4: GERANCN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain
packetswitched (ps) domain
3GMSC/VLR
3GSGSN
RNC
Node B
Node B
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
IubIu-PS
Uu
BSC
BTS
BTS
BSC
Iu-
CS
BSS
Iu-CS
A
2GSGSN
Gb
Iu-PSIu-g
Iu-g
Um
15 © NOKIA
UMTS Release 5 IMS Overview (Roaming user example)
HSS
MRF
S-CSCF
SGSN
I-CSCF
GGSN
P-CSCF
IMS
IMS
Other IP/IMSnetwork
RAN
Home network
Visited network
16 © NOKIA
UMTS Rel. 99: UTRANCN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain
packetswitched (ps) domain
3GMSC/VLR
3GSGSN
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + Universal SIM (USIM)
RNC
Node B
Node BRadio Network Subsystem (RNS)
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
Iub
Iub
Iur
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
Uu
Uu
UE
UE
17 © NOKIA
Iur-Interface & Soft HandoverCN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain
packetswitched (ps) domain
3GMSC/VLR
3GSGSN
UTRAN
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)
RNC
Node B
Node B(RNS)
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
Iub
Iub
Iur
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
Uu
Uu
UE
I can be connected to several cells
simultaneously
Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL
traffic
18 © NOKIA
Radio Network Controller Tasks & Functions
• WCDMA radio resource management incl. Radio resource management of channel configurations,traffic and control channels, handovers, power control.
• Telecom functionalityincl. Location & connection management, ciphering, Iu and Iub channel management, ATM switching and multiplexing
• Maintenanceincl. Fault localisation and reconfiguration
• Operationincl. RNC and Node B parameter modification
19 © NOKIA
101010010101010001Iub InterfaceATM
Uu InterfaceWCDMA
Cellular Transmission managementManaging ATM switching and multiplexing
over the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5 connections. Control of the physical
transmission interfaces – E1, PDH, SDH or microwave.
Air Interface management. Controlling Uplink and Downlink
radio paths on the Uu Air Interface. Baseband to RF conversion. Antenna multi-
coupling.
O&M Processing.Interfacing with NMS
and RNC for alarm and control (Operations and Maintenance) functions.
Radio Channel functions.Logical to physical channel
mappings. Encoding/Decoding – Spreading/Despreading user
traffic and signalling.
RNC
Node B Tasks & Functions
20 © NOKIA
Area type Dense Urban
Urban Suburb Rural
Speech 92 93 95 95 %144 kb/s NRT 85 85 85 85 %GSM1800 speech 85 85 85 85 %Cell range 1 1.6 2.3 5.2 km
Factors affecting cell size include:
Frequency band - 2000MHz much higher than GSM networks.
Traffic types - WCDMA user data rates drop off as the user moves further away from the Node B
User levels - Demand for mobile services will increase, leading to much greater user densities
Fast Data Users
Voice and Slow Data
Users
average projected coverage
WCDMA Cell Coverage
21 © NOKIA
Voice traffic
Data Traffic
Soft Capacity
Cap
acity
per
cel
l per
car
rier
800kbps L1 rate
50 Erlang
More Voice Users Traffic Mix More Data Users
100% 50% 0% Load per carrier
Out
put P
ower
"Safe area"
Once Output Power Level on Uplink passes the Safe Area limit, the WCDMA air
interface becomes unstable. Load per carrier must be kept below this
limit
WCDMA Cell Capacity
22 © NOKIA
HSDPA Release 5
• AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation used in good radio link conditions
• Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as error detection mechanism provides efficient retransmissons
• support for services requiring high data rates in downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on demand.
• High data rates up to 10Mbit/s
23 © NOKIA
WLAN and UMTS
WLAN use examplesHotels – Business travelers make full use of their hotel stay by getting broadband access.
Airport lounges –Airports offer considerable potential traffic and have good publicity value.
Business parks and campus areas – Mobile broadband access made available to roaming users and those with no access to a corporate
network or other networks.
Corporate buildings and meeting rooms – access in meeting rooms and other shared venues.
Exhibition and convention centres – access to the information needed for presentations
• Enhance mobile data services • Wireless LAN is being standardized by the IEEE • 11 Mbit/s between a terminal and an access point. • With more advanced modulation technology to give data rates up to 54 Mbit/s. • Encryption of the air interface defined • 2G SIM and 3G USIM cards can be used for authentication • 3GPP Rel. 6 includes wireless LAN for use with cellular networks
24 © NOKIA
User Equipment
User Terminal
User Equipment (UE)
+
USIM
Uu
Node B
25 © NOKIA
Mobile concepts - sample
26 © NOKIA
Terminal evolution & wireless protocols
dual moderequirement
27 © NOKIA
UE FDD power classes
WCDMA FDD Power Class
Maximum output power
Tolerance
Power class 1 33dBm (2W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 2 27dBm (0.5W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 3 24dBm (0.25W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 4 21dBm (0.125W ) +/-2dB
GSM 900 Maximum output powerPower class 1
43dBm (20W) only used in GSM Phase 1
Power class 2
39dBm (8W)
Power class 3
37dBm (5W)
Power class 4
33dBm (2W)
Power class 5
29dBm (0.8W)
Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because of continuoustransmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission power determines thecell radius.
28 © NOKIA
UMTS / Universal SIMOwn processor and memory
• Two types of data:
• Specified data
• Subscriber dependent
• Featuring:
• Two name fields per entry
• Multiple phone numbers per entry
• Support of e-mail address
• User definable groupings
• Call details
• USIM security
29 © NOKIA
Nokia hardware platform
IPA2800 Nokia IP
DX200
HP/SUN
30 © NOKIA
Nokia's interface to the platform
NEMU - Network Element Management Unit
Future NED
BTS Tools
Nokia Online Services
NetAct
31 © NOKIA
Nokia Core network in Release 99
Operator IP network
Packet core
Iu-PS
HLR
GGSN
CGBG DNS
Firewall
Mobility CoreMobility Core
2GSGSN
RAN
2GMSC
RNC3G
SGSN
MGW
BSC
Iu-CS
A
Gb
NMS
PSTN PSTN
PSTNInternet
32 © NOKIA
Mobile Switching Centre
33 © NOKIA
MSCi architecture
D O C U M E N T T Y P E
T y p e U n i t O r D e p a r t m e n t H e r eT y p e Y o u r N a m e H e r e T y p e D a t e H e r e
O M U
T G F P
C D S U G S W
B S S
N S S
X . 2 5 o rL A N t oO M C a n dS M S
P S T N
V L R UC MC M UC C M U S T U C H U
E T
E C E T
C L S
P A B XE C E T
E T
V D Ua n dL P T
V D Ua n dL P T
P A UB S UM F S U B D C UM
L A NL A N
C A S UC C S U
M B
L A N
E X T . S Y N C .V A N G
OMU - Operation and Maintenance UnitCentralised supervision, alarms, recovery. System softwareCHU/STU - Charging/Statistical UnitsGeneration/storage of CDRs/measurement data storageVLRU - Visitor Location Register Unit
Storage of temporary subscriber information
CM - Central Memory
Tariffing, signalling, routing and configuration data
CCMU - Common Channel signalling Management Unit
Signalling management functions for CCS7 (SS7)
BDCU - Basic Data Communications Unit
Communication links to O&M, SMSC, Billing Centre
ET - Exchange Terminal
Electrical synchronisation, adaptations of external PCM line
GSW - Group Switch
The actual switching network of the MSCi
M - Marker
Controls the Group Switch
CASU, PAU, BSU, MFSU, CCSU
Signalling units supporting different types of protocols
CLS - Clock System unit
Clock signals for synchronisation
CDSU - Compact Data Service Unit
Enables Circuit Switched data, modem pools, rate adaptation
TGFP - Tone Generator Field Programmable
Generates DTMF signals
ECET - Echo Cancelling and Exchance Terminal
Same as ET, but with echo cancelling capability
CMU - Cellular Management Unit
Cellular radio network and CDSU control
34 © NOKIA
IP Bypassing (optional topic)
• Inter-MSC traffic routed through an IP-based data network instead of trunk lines.
• Main benefits:• Cost savings when data connections are cheaper
than PCM links. • Synergies with operator's other activities, e.g. only
one inter-city IP network.• Enables integration and optimisation of IP network
and PCM link based transmission.• Integrated solution enables common operation and
management with GSM network and the gateway.• All applications, like mobile transmission and video
data, can use the same network.
39 © NOKIA
MGW for MSC
Iu-CS
PSTN/Transitnetwork
TDM
Nokia 3G MSC
DX 200 MSC
STM-1 MGWRNCRNC
ATM
PCM
Main functions of MGW:Main functions of MGW:
• ATM/TDM conversion
• Iu/A’ signalling conversion between narrowband and broadband CCS7
• Transcoding
40 © NOKIA
Block diagram of the MGW for 3G-MSC
CACU (Control and Administrative Computer Unit). Controls switching fabric units (SFU) based on inputs from Interface Signalling Units (ISUs).
CM (Central Memory). Central data storage, distribution facility, CCS7 signalling handling (e.g. digit ananlysis).ISU (Interface Signalling Unit). CN emulation and signalling emulation towards the MSC.
NEMU (Network Element Management Unit). Local user interface, inter-face towards higher level network management. Some O&M functions.
OMU (Operation and Maintenance Unit). System software, O&M functions, etc.
SPMU (Signal Processing Management Unit). Control allocation of MGW for 3G-MSC's digital signalling processors.
TCU (Transcoding Unit). Performs the actual conversion between different AMR speech formats and PCM, and vice versa.
SFU (ATM Switching Fabric Units). Switches the calls processed by the exchange.
MXU (Multiplexer Units). Connects network interface units, computer units & signal processing units to the main switch fabric.
A2SU (AAL2 Switching Units). Ensures efficient transport of information with limited transfer delay for units connected to the main switch fabric.
41 © NOKIA
Media Gateway:• 5120 transcoding channels• 8 RNCs• IPA 2800 platform• Iu-CS interface
MSCi:• Simultaneous support for UMTS (A') and GSM (A) traffic• 600 000 BHCA• 16 700 Erlangs • 600 000 subscribers + 200 000 telemetric subscriber• 100% IN/SCE traffic support
Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary
Iu-CS
PSTN/Transitnetwork
TDM
Nokia 3G MSC
DX 200 MSC
STM-1 MGWRNCRNC
ATM
PCM
42 © NOKIA
DX 200 HLRi
O M U
G S W
X.25 or LAN to OMC andSMS
MSC
S T U
E T
C L S
HLRE T
VDU andLPT
VDU andLPT
C M MC C S U B D C U
A C U D B D UH L R UE M U
E I R U
MB
LAN
43 © NOKIA
Nokia HLRi capacities•1 200 000 subscribers + 400 000 telemetric subscribers
• AuC capacity 2.4 million subscribers• EIR with:
• 4 million entries in the black list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)• 4 million entries in the grey list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)• 200 000 entries in the white list (up to 1 000 000 IMEIs/entry)
44 © NOKIA
Mobile Number Portability Solution (SRRi)
• The Service Routing Service Routing RegisterRegister is to remove excess signalling and complex databases and routing, by managing the address of each subscriber.
SRRiDatabase
HLR HLR
MSCSGSN
MSISDN1 - rerouting info
MSISDN2 - rerouting info
.
.
1
………
Othernetworks
• In some countries, the law states that subscribers must be able to keep keep their numbertheir number if they change the operator.
45 © NOKIA
SRRi architecture
GSW
CCSU CMM BDCU
SRRU OMU
X.25 or LAN
to OMCand SMS
MESSAGE BUS
ET
CLS
MSCHLR
VDU and LPT
ET
STU
LAN LAN
DBDU
LAN LAN
VDU and LPT
46 © NOKIA
Packet switched core network overview
Router
SGSN
BG
LegalInterceptionGateway
DomainNameServer
BorderGateway
Serving GPRSSupport Node
CG
GGSN
Firewall
GatewayGPRS
Support Node
LocalArea NW
Server
ChargingGateway
Corporate
DNS
2G & 3G
GPRS BackboneGPRS BackboneIP NetworkIP Network
InternetInternet
GSM BSS orGSM BSS or3G RAN3G RAN
Inter-PLMNInter-PLMNNetworkNetwork
IntranetIntranet
47 © NOKIA
3G-SGSN & GGSN• The 3G-SGSN & GGSN are built on the IP Platform
(2G-SGSN uses the Nokia DX200 Platform).
Power supplies
Cooling fans
Cable guides
Processor units on 2 trays
11
93
443
434 • In UMTS some of the functionality needed in the2G-SGSN is now included as functions in the RNC.• The 3G-SGSN is a compact unit.
48 © NOKIA
System structure of Nokia 3G-SGSN
Iu
Gn
Internal maintenance bus
Gr, Gf, GdE1/T1SMM Unit
• Mobility Management • Session Management•Signalling
ATMSTM-1
100 BaseTx1000 BaseT
ForwardingUnit
Central RouteProcessor Unit•O&M•Routing
TunnellingUnit
E1/T1
SS7Unit
ATMSTM-1
50 © NOKIA
Capacity• Max number of subscribers: 300 000
• Throughput and number of connections:— 900 Mbps and 200 000 PDP contexts
OR— 600 Mbps and 600 000 PDP contexts• (512 byte packet size)
• Connection attempts: 600 PDP procedures per second
• 300 000 SMS messages per hour
51 © NOKIA
Interfaces of 3G-SGSN
3G SGSN3G SGSN3G SGSN
Gn
Gr
Gf
Gd
3G Core Network
(HPLMN)
HLR & AUC
EIR
SMSC
Iu
Gp3G Core Network
(VPLMN)
RNC
NMS
CGGa
52 © NOKIA
Other packet core network elements
• GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)Nokia version based on IP650 or IP740 routers
— Release 2, IP650: 150 000 PDP contexts100 Mbps (1400 byte packets)
— Release 2, IP740: 1 million PDP contexts400 Mbps (1400 byte packets)
— Both can interact with 2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN
• BG (Border Gateway)— Router to Inter-PLMN data network
• DNS (Domain Name Server)— Access point name IP address of correct GGSN
• CG (Charging Gateway)
• LIG (Legal/Lawful Interception Gateway)
53 © NOKIA
Nokia FlexiFamily• High-availability carrier-grade server platform
• Linux based
• Nokia IP Multimedia Subsystem servers based on Nokia FlexiServer
• Nokia FlexiGateway a carrier-grade gateway platform and the future basis for network user-plane functions such as packet routing and processing
• Nokia FlexiGateway, with specially designed content-aware provisioning extensions, will gradually complete the implementation of the All-IP architecture
54 © NOKIA
Nokia IP Multimedia Core Solution (simplified)
HLRMSC/ MSS
SGSN
SGSNGGSN
GGSN
CG
LIG
BG
DNS
IMR CPS
GERAN/UTRAN
MPC
MGW
IP Multimedia core
55 © NOKIA
Traffic on PoC Network
SGSNPAPU units
BSCPCU units
BTS
GGSNWith PoC APN
GPRSbackbonenetwork
Customer Care and Billing
Provisioning Network Management
WEB based• Management• Provisioning• Self provisioning
PoC CallProcessors
PoC Register
LDAP parametermanagement
GPRS
Green elements required for PoC
IP layer
Service managementRadio access
layer architecture
Consumers
Access Control& EnterpriseConnectivity
HTTP human interfaceCommunicationParameters(timers)
CDRparameters
SUN
Operator Data Center
Enterprises
SystemParameters
Sub SystemServerParameters
Radio interface management
Packet Core management
56 © NOKIA
Nokia ICD System Release 1, ED 1
ISN 1.1
Gi
Contentproviders
Gn
Serviceaccess
CG 4.0 BSS
GGSN 4.0
TA 1.2
OSC 1.0
NSM 1.0
CA 1.1
ICDNetAc
t 3.1 ED2 CD
9/03Prepaid System
OSS
CCBS
GGSNfunctions
TrafficAnalyser
Contentfunctions
57 © NOKIA
Single Click Access
Nokia ICD System
Single PDP Context
Single PDP Context
Operator MMS Service
Operator Email
Service
Operator WAP
Service
Service Provider
WAP Service
GGSN
ap1.operator.com
APAP
Service switchingService switching
Single APN configured in terminal
Single APN configured in terminal
PDP Context
Nokia ISN
Access settings screen
58 © NOKIA
Charging options in the Nokia ICD System
• Volume-based charging • Transferred data volume• Per service, not limited to PDP Context• Bytes of transferred data
• Event-based charging• Event (transaction/hit to a specific WAP/HTTP URL)• A request/response pair• Number of events
• Time-based charging• Distinguish active/inactive usage time)• Subscription (free access during subscription period• Seconds of data transfer
• Subscription-based charging• Free access during content service subscription period• May be combined with event-based charging
59 © NOKIA
Nokia Intelligent EDGE Solution
CPS
Multi-access
Service enablers
Messaging Download andstreaming
Supportingenablers
IP network
Content serviceproviders
Application service providers
Internet
Corporate Intranet
Mobile Virtualnetwork operator
Service Core
Session controlDynamic subscriptionManagement and registers
Intelligent charging control
Service aware packet connectivity
62 © NOKIA
Radio Network Controller
• Radio network supervision
• Radio resource management
• Mobility management
• Support open interfaces Iu & Iur
• Flexible and modular platform in Nokia's version
• Height 1.8mWidth 0.6m Depth 0.6m
64 © NOKIA
RNC architecture
DMCU
GTPU
TCP/IP
NEMU OMU
RSMU
RRMU
ICSU
SFU
MXU
A2SU
RESOURCE AND SWITCHMANAGEMENT UNIT
Functions:- RNC wide functions- ATM switch management- DSP resource managementCharacteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant
NIU
NIU
NETWORK INTERFACE UNIT
Functions:- Physical layer functions- ATM layer functions- IU, IUR, IUBCharacteristics:- No redundancy
AAL2 SWITCHING UNIT
Functions: - AAL2 minipacket processing Characteristics:- SN+1 redundant
Functions:- Macrodiversity combining- Outer loop power control- RLC, MAC, PDCP functions- CipheringCharacteristics:- ~6000 MIPS- SN+1 redundant
DATA AND MACRODIVERSITY COMBINING UNIT
NETWORK ELEMENTMANAGEMENT UNIT
Functions:- Graphical user interfaces- Key Perfomance Indicators- NMS interfaceCharacteristics:- Pentium based- No redundancy
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE UNIT
Functions:- O&M functions- RNW database- recovery functionsCharacteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant
TIMING AND HARDWARE MANAGEMENT BUS UNIT
Functions:- RNC syncronization- HW managementCharacteristics:- TSS3 RNC level- TBUF subrack level - 2n redundant TBU
Functions:- UDP/IP termination- GTP forwardingCharacteristics:- Pentium based- SN+1 redundant
GPRS TUNNELING PROTOCOL UNIT
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNIT
Functions:- RNC wide radio resource management functions Characteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant
MULTIPLEXER UNIT
Functions: - Multiplexing towards SFU Characteristics:- 622 Mbit/s towards SFU- 2n redundant
SWITCHING FABRIC UNIT
Functions: - ATM SwitchingCharacteristics:- 8 switching ports- 5 Gbit/s- 2n redundant
INTERFACE CONTROL ANDSIGNALLING UNIT
Functions:- L3 protocol functions - RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP - RRCCharacteristics:- Pentium based- RN+1 redundant
65 © NOKIA
Radio Network Controller site solution
1 2
3
4
5
Scalable traffic capacity in 5 steps
• 48 - 196 Mbit/s nominal capacity• Any traffic mix of voice and data• Redundant structure
1800 mm
600 mm
600 + 600 mm
66 © NOKIA
RNC Capacities
67 © NOKIA
Base station sites:• Macrocell sites• Microcell sites• Picocell sites
Nokia WCDMA base station solution
68 © NOKIA
What is the difference betweensite, cell and sector?
• A site is a physical cabinet with carriers/TRXs.
• A site may have one or more cells.
• Cells that belong to a site with more than one cell are usually referred to as a sector.
WCDMA- 1 carrier= 5MHzGSM
- 1 TRX ~ 7 traffic channels
Different frequencies
69 © NOKIA
GSM/WCDMA solutionCo-located sites
70 © NOKIA
GSM+EDGE
part
WCDMApart
Nokia WCDMA Tri-mode UltraSite
WCDMA configuration:
• 1+1+1. 5W
• 2+2+2. 2W
BTS capacity: max. 10 Mbits/s per cabinet
Other features:
• Either 12 GSM/EDGE transceivers or
• 6 GSM/EDGE and 3 WCDMA carriers (6 in Release 2)
71 © NOKIA
Nokia WCDMA UltraSite solution
Indoor
Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS
Optima
Outdoor
Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS
Optima Compact
Outdoor
Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTSSupreme
Indoor Outdoor
72 © NOKIA
Site support
• Site support units can contain batteries in case of main failure, transmission equipment, and more.
Batteries
3rd party transmission
73 © NOKIA
Nokia MetroSite solution
• Nokia MetroHub--- Transmission Node
• Battery Backup
Nokia MetroHopper Radio
Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio
Nokia MetroSite EDGEBase Station• 900/1800 MHz GSM, EDGE networks
Nokia MetroSite WCDMA Base Station
• 2 GHz WCDMA networks
Co-locating GSM & WCDMA BTS
74 © NOKIA
Nokia WLAN technology
80 © NOKIA
Which solution to use?Student Exercise:
Imagine that you had to build a site. Which of the following would you take into account when selecting the Node B?
a) Which is the easiest and cost-effective way to add the site to the network?
b) How many sites will cover the area?
c) The expected number of subscribers in the area?
d) The amount of power that the site will transmit on?
e) Where the Node B will be positioned; will people see it or shall only the antenna be visible?
f) The amount of space available for the site?
g) The expected capacity that the site should carry?
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Transmission
• Sites are connected together in different ways to optimise costoptimise cost, whilst assuring the best qualitybest quality and redundancyredundancy.
• The links can be wire, optical or radio microwave links.
RNC
IUIUr
BSC
MSC
A
AXU
Multiplexer eg MetroHub
3G BTS
2G BTS
ATM crossconnect unit
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What do base station sites look like?
• Base station sites can be found in many different places and in different forms.
• The sites are connected together in different ways.
X-pol. antennas
Site support Base Station
FlexiHopper
UltraHoppers
MetroHoppers
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• Packet / cell based transmission
• 48 octets (bytes) of payload, 5 octets of header per packet (ATM cell)
• Examples of physical interfaces:– STM-1 – E1– Ethernet
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Management of 3G/UMTS networks
• The past decade has seen an increase in the type and number of network elements. This has lead to more complex networks.
93 9995 97 2002MSCBSCBTS
MSCBSCBTSBTS(D)
MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSC
MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSC
GGSNBG
MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSCSGSN
GGSNBG
MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSCSGSN
WAP GWGIOxDSLRAN
BRAN
WLANPKI
CPS
NCCProfiler
GGSNBG
MSCBSCBTSPDHSDH
FSCSCP
SMSCSGSN
WAP GWGIO
EDGEUTRAN
IPTGWHSS
IGSNApplServers
MMSC
MAX3G BTSWAP PPG
WTA server
RANxDSL
Chatserver
BusinessMgmt
BusinessMgmt
ServiceManagement
ServiceManagement
NetworkManagement
NetworkManagement
Network ElementManagement
Network ElementManagement
Network ElementsNetwork Elements
• 3GPP is focusing on Network and Service Management layers to establish 3G operation support standard.
• Network element management tasks on a single element.
• Network management tasks on many elements at the same time.
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Nokia NetAct Solution
BusinessManagementSystems
ServiceManagementSystems
NetworkManagementSystems
ElementManagementSystems
Functions of Service management systems:•Take care of subcriber data•Provision services and subscribers•Collect and rate, bill offered services•Create, promote and monitor services
Network management system (NMS):•Collect information from the underlying networksand pre/post-process the raw data•Analyse and distribute information•Optimise network capacity and quality
Element management systems (EM):•EMs are part of the NE (RNC, BTS, AXC,etc.)functionality
•Monitor the functioning of the equipment•Collect raw data (performance indicators)•Local GUI provided for site engineers•Mediate towards the NMS system
MIS
PlanningSystem
BTS
BTS AXC
RNC NE x
NE y
CCB
NE = network element, CCB = customer care and billing, MIS = management information system
NMS
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Nokia NetAct frame structure
Workflow ManagerWorkflow Manager
Reporter Reporter
Administrator Administrator
3rd Party Tools 3rd Party Tools
Rating & Charging Rating & Charging
Planner Planner
Configurator & Provisioning
Configurator & Provisioning
Monitor Monitor
Service QualityManager
Service QualityManager
Unified Mediation and Adaptation
Unified Mediation and Adaptation
Network Network
Common networktypology
Common WEB GUI
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Nokia network management tools
Ueno 1-1 Shinj uku 1 Shinj uku 2Otemachi 1
RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC
Ikebukur o 1-1
T okyo ar ea - north
Megur o 1-1 T okyo 2-1 Shibya 1- 1T okyo 1-1
RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC
Shibya 2- 1
T okyo ar ea - south
NMS
termi nal
print er
P ower
Vent.
RNC sit e 17
Mar unouchi bldg
7F
Mar unouchi 1-2-3
Chioda-ku
s ite manager :
Sato Akiyoshi
tel: 090 4002 8196
NMS site
BTS LocalManagement Tool
BTS site
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Monitoring• The monitoring of alarms involve collecting alarms
and statistics to identify problems in the network.
Problem detection
Problem identification Problem handling
Verification
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Radio network planning & development
Radio AccessNetwork
Radio networkplanning toolNokia TOTEM
3rd partyplanning
tool
PlanningInterface
Plan management in NMS
PlanRepository
PlanModification
Radionetworkplanning
PlanProvisioning
NMS providesa Web Site forRNW plans:
storageeditdownload,
activate &rollback
upload actualconfiguration
Intranet
RNW planin XMLformat RNC
BTS
BTS
BTS
ATMModule
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Summary of Nokia network evolution
92 © NOKIA
Release 3 ('99) Architecture
FiberFiber
DXC
MWRTDM Access
RAN Mobility Core
Control Plane
Gateway Plane
2GSGSN
3GSGSN GGSN
Application PlatformsApplication Platforms
Internet GatewayMultimedia Messaging
e-mailGame platform
Nokia Charging
Center
Nokia Charging Gateway
RNC
BSC
HLR
3GMSC
NMS
Internet
PSTN
GSM BTS
TripleMode BTS
WCDMA BTS
•UTRAN - WCDMA air interface•Enhanced core network functionality•New service architecture
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Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)
Rel.99•UTRAN - WCDMA air interface•Enhanced core network functionality•New service architectureRel.4•Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient•Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim•More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered•Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services•GERAN implementation
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3GPP Release 5 architectureRel.99•UTRAN - WCDMA air interface•Enhanced core network functionality•New service architectureRel.4•Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient•Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim•More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered•Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services•GERAN implementationRel.5•IP Multimedia Subsystem•High Speed Downlink Packet Access•IP transport in the core network•IP transport in UTRAN•End to end IP services•Simpler service integration due to simplified protocol stacks•Easy integration and enabling of instant messaging, precence information and real time conversation services