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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Ir. Dr. Saiful Amri bin MazlanP.Eng, Ph.D, Int. PE(My), ACPE, APEC Eng, ASEAN Eng, MIE(My), MIE(Ire)
Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)
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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Introduc+on to Industrial Hygiene
Defini+on of industrial hygiene Task of industrial hygienist The main hazards and protec+on for hazardManaging safety and health
Safety program organiza+on Planning for emergencies Personal protec+on equipment
Talk Outline
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Introduction to Industrial Hygiene
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Defini'on of Industrial Hygiene
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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
What is Industrial Hygiene?
Science and art devoted to the an+cipa+on, recogni+on,evalua+on, and control of those workplace environmental factors
which may cause sickness, impaired health and wellbeing, or
significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among
ci+zens of the community
American Industrial Hygiene Associa+on (AIHA)
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
What is Industrial Hygiene? (contd)
The discipline of an+cipa+ng, recognizing, evalua+ng andcontrolling health hazards in the working environment with the
objec+ve of protec+ng worker health and wellbeing and
safeguarding the community at large.
The interna+onal Occupa+onal Hygiene Associa+on (IOHA)
Malaysian Industrial Hygiene Associa+on (MIHA)
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
What is Industrial Hygiene? (contd)
Part science, part art Industrial Hygiene is the applica+on of scien+fic principles in
the workplace to prevent the development of occupa+onal
disease or injury
Requires knowledge of chemistry, physics, anatomy,physiology, mathema+cs
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
Other terms
Occupa+onal Hygiene
Environmental Hygiene Environmental Health
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
What is an Industrial Hygienist?
An Industrial Hygienist is a person having a college degree in
engineering, chemistry, physics, medicine or related physical and
biological sciences, who has also received specialized training in
recogni+on, evalua+on and control of workplace stressors and
therefore achieved competence in industrial hygiene.
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
What is an Industrial Hygienist? (contd)
Industrial hygienists are scien+sts and engineers commiYed to
protec+ng the health and safety of people in the workplace and
the community.
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
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INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
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Educa+on of an industrial hygienist
Usually requires advanced educa+on in engineering and thebiological sciences
A combina+on of educa+on and experience is necessary inorder to take the exam for cer+fica+on in industrial hygiene
Definition of Industrial Hygiene
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Introduction to Industrial Hygiene
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Task of Industrial hygienist
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Responsibili+es
Recogni+on, iden+fica+on, evalua+on and control of health
hazards in the workplace,
for the purpose of administering and enforcing
The Workplace Safety and Health Act and related
legisla+on and policies.
Task of Industrial Hygienist
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Knowledge basis for industrial hygiene
Task of Industrial Hygienist
Disciplines involved Applica+ons in industrial hygiene
Physics, math, anatomy,physiology
Hazard evaluations of noise, illumination, lasers, radiation,and ergonomics
Chemistry, anatomy, physiology,
toxicology
Toxic chemical exposure evaluations of carcinogen hazard
assessment and reproductive hazard assessments
Physics, chemistry, statistics Measuring exposures to chemical and physical agents,
interpreting lab analytical reports. Use of direct reading
instruments.
Statistics, epidemiology, physics,chemistry, anatomy, physiology,
toxicology, language skills
Interpreting study and lab results, critical review ofresearch, performing research
Language skills Interactions with workers, management, and clients; writing
reports and papers; design of programs
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Typical du+es
Selects and devises methods and equipment for sampling and analyses todetermine workplace health hazards.
Carries out surveys/inves+ga+ons of workplaces to determine hazardoushealth condi+ons.
Interprets data, evaluates results and issues orders when necessary, tocontrol or eliminate hazards, and follows up to ensure compliance.
May be required to establish standards based on literature searches and/ordata collected.
Keeps abreast of technological developments.
Task of Industrial Hygienist
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Typical du+es (contd)
Responds to complaints, concerns and emergencies, and takes anynecessary ac+on.
Prepares comprehensive technical reports. Disseminates informa+on/advice to other agencies and the public. Represents the Division on various interdepartmental, intergovernmental
and other commiYees and at conferences.
Promotes labour/management coopera+on and par+cipa+on on industrialhygiene issues.
Par+cipates in the development of legisla+on and regula+ons.
Task of Industrial Hygienist
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Typical du+es (contd)
Carries out special studies such as the incidence of worker exposure to toxicand carcinogenic materials.
Par+cipates in the development of plans, policies, standards andprocedures.
Par+cipates in the development and delivery of educa+onal programs. May be required to give tes+mony in a court of law. May assist in the training of staff. Performs other related du+es as assigned.
Task of Industrial Hygienist
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Introduction to Industrial Hygiene
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
The Main Hazards and Protec'on for Hazard
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Industrial hazards
Hazards is a situa+on that posses a level of threat to life, health,property or environment
Any real or poten+al condi+ons produced by industries that cancause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or
property
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Types of industrial hazards
Fire and explosion hazards Chemical hazards Electrical hazards Mechanical hazards Miscellaneous
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Some occupa+onal hazards
Chemical agentsGases, vapors and par+culate aerosols
Physical (energy) agentsNoise, ionizing / nonionizing radia+on,
heat and cold stress
Biological agentsInfec+ous agents, allergens
Psychological stressors Ergonomic/safety
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program: Minimum Elements
1. Recogni+on of health hazards2. Evalua+on of health hazards3. Control of health hazards4. Recordkeeping5. Employee training6. Periodic program review
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
1. Recogni+on of health hazards
Walkthrough survey with someone knowledgeable of theprocesses
Regular intervals, keep records
Planning stage reviews Modifica+on reviews Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) reviews
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
1. Recogni+on of health hazards (contd)
An+cipa+on/recogni+on of poten+al or actual hazards throughknowledge of:
Materials
Opera+ons
Processes
Condi+ons Scope of IH ac+vi+es encompasses the cradletograve
concept (research through waste disposal)
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
2. Evalua+on of health hazards
MeasurementsMeasurement of exposure intensity
Air sampling, noise meters, light meters, thermal stress
meters, accelerometers (vibra+on)
Calcula+on of doseDetermina+on of exposure frequency and dura+on
Level and dura+on of exposure
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
2. Evalua+on of health hazards (contd)
Keep recordsComparison with regulatory, professional and internal
standards
Judgement: weigh all factors
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
3. Control of health hazards
Employ methods to eliminate or reduce exposure resul+ng in
elimina+on or reduc+on of the occurrence of occupa+onal disease
through:
Engineering (including process) interven+onsSubs+tute a less hazardous material, local exhaustven+la+on
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
3. Control of health hazards (contd)
Administra+ve / programma+c measuresWorker rota+on, training
Personal Protec+ve EquipmentRespirators, gloves, eye protec+on, ear protec+on, etc.
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
4. Recordkeeping
Important in all phases of the program Oen required by regula+on
29 CFR 1904 (Recording and repor+ng occupa+onal injuries and illness)*(CFR = Code of Federal Regula+ons)
Increase program effec+veness Useful in legal challenges
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
5. Employee training
Effec+ve component if total program is implemented andengineering controls are first established
Oen required by regula+onRight to Know or Hazard Communica+on Standard: 29 CFR1910.1200
Regular intervals Keep it interes+ng and effec+ve, use a variety of techniques Keep records of dates, individuals, topics, effec+veness
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Industrial hygiene program:
6. Periodic program review
Regular intervals (yearly, semiannual) Review the wriYen program as well as the implementa+on Updates for new regula+ons, new chemicals, new processes, or
any changes
Audit components of the program Internal OSHA inspec+on Involve employees, consultants, management
The main hazards and protection for hazard
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Managing Safety and Health
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Safety Program Organiza'on
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Defini+on
Safety and health management system:
The means by which an organisa1on controls risk through the
management process.
Safety Program Organization
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Defini+on (contd)
Part of the overall management system that facili1es the
management of the OH&S risks associated with the business of theorganisa1on.
This includes the organisa1onal structure, planning ac1vi1es,
responsibili1es, prac1ces, procedures, processes and resources for
developing and achieving, reviewing and maintaining the
organisa1ons OH&S policy.
Bri+sh Standards Ins+tute
Safety Program Organization
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Objec+ves
the goals in terms of safety and health performancethat an organisa1on sets itself
to achieve and should be quan1fied wherever prac1cable.
Safety Program Organization
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Systems approach
Four elements common to general systems theories are input,process, output and feedback.
Systems are also classed as being either open or closed.Open systems interacts with the external environment and
is subject to external influences.
Closed systems do not interact with the environment and so theirability to adapt or respond to changing internal condi+ons
is limited.
Safety Program Organization
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Systems approach (contd)
Safety Program Organization
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
Organisation
External Environment
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Key elements of safety and health management system
Safety Program Organization
Policydevelopment
Organisationdevelopment
Developingtechniquesplanning,
measuringreviewing
PPoolliiccyy
OOrrggaanniissiinngg
PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg
MMeeaassuurriinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
RReevviieewwiinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
AAuuddiitt
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Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)
Safety Program Organization
PPoolliiccyy
OOrrggaanniissiinngg
PPllaannnniinngg &&
IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg
MMeeaassuurriinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
RReevviieewwiinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
AAuuddiitt
PolicyEffec+ve health and safety
policies set a clear direc+on
for the organisa+on to
follow.
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Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)
Safety Program Organization
PPoolliiccyy
OOrrggaanniissiinngg
PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg
MMeeaassuurriinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
RReevviieewwiinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
AAuuddiitt
Organising
An effective management
structure and
arrangements are in place
for delivering the policy.
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Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)
Safety Program Organization
PPoolliiccyy
OOrrggaanniissiinngg
PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg
MMeeaassuurriinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
RReevviieewwiinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
AAuuddiitt
Planning
There is a planned andsystema+c approach to
implemen+ng the health andsafety policy through an
effec+ve health and safety
management system.
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Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)
Safety Program Organization
PPoolliiccyy
OOrrggaanniissiinngg
PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg
MMeeaassuurriinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
RReevviieewwiinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
AAuuddiitt
Measuring Performance
Performance is measuredagainst agreed standards to
reveal when and where
improvement is needed.
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Key elements of safety and health management system (contd)
Safety Program Organization
PPoolliiccyy
OOrrggaanniissiinngg
PPllaannnniinngg &&IImmpplleemmeennttiinngg
MMeeaassuurriinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
RReevviieewwiinngg
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
AAuuddiitt
Audi'ng and Reviewing ofPerformance
The organisa+on learns from
all relevant experience and
applies the lessons.
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Managing Safety and Health
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Planning for Emergencies
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Purpose
Minimize the risks of emergencies occurring Iden+fy poten+al emergency situa+ons Develop, implement and test plans to respond promptly and
effec+vely to emergencies
Minimize the impact of emergencies on the environment Con+nually improve planning for emergencies and response
procedures
Planning for Emergencies
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ISO 14001 Emergency preparedness and response
The organiza+on shall establish and maintain procedures to
iden+fy poten+al for and respond to accidents and emergencysitua+ons, and for preven+ng and mi+ga+ng the environmental
impacts that may be associated with them
Planning for Emergencies
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Preven+on
ISO 14001 sec+on 4.4.7 speaks first of PREPAREDNESS, i.e.,preven+on of emergencies
Requires the development of a procedure to iden+fy allpossible incidents, accidents, and emergency situa+ons during
normal and abnormal opera+ng condi+ons
Planning for Emergencies
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Iden+fy emergencies
Review incident reports for past five years Check sta+s+cs on incidents and emergencies at other similar
opera+ons
Review environmental aspects list for poten+al emergenciesunder abnormal opera+ng condi+ons
Gather a group of personnel represen+ng each func+on in theorganiza+on to brainstorm possible incidents and emergencies
Planning for Emergencies
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Poten+al emergencies
Fire, explosion Gas leak, spill Natural disasters lightning, earthquake, flood, extreme
weather Tank, dam, equipment structural failure Electric power or gas cut Crash, collision Sabotage, vandalism, terrorist aYack, riot, bomb threat,hostage incident
Planning for Emergencies
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Poten+al Hot Spots
Hazardous chemical storage Hazardous waste storage
Bulk oil and fuel tanks Process startup and shutdown High pressure vessels Rail and road tankers, ships Unloading, shipping points Waste treatment facili+es Storm water drains
Planning for Emergencies
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Map the Hot Spots
Loca+ons, types, amounts of chemicals, gases, fuel, oil onsite Loca+on, volume, age, secondary containment, inspec+on
history of storage tanks
Unloading, loading, transfer points for chemicals, fuel, oil Storm water runoff paths
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Neighbourhood receptors
Iden+fy sensi+ve local, regional areas:Residen+al, industrial, agricultural, fishing, recrea+on areaDrinking water sources
Environmentally sensi+ve areas, nature reserves,
endangered species
Cultural, heritage sites
Record prevailing wind direc+on in prepara+on for a gas leak
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Equipment and supplies
Iden+fy types, quan++es, and storage loca+ons of emergencyequipment and supplies:
Fire figh+ng equipment hoses, ex+nguishers, blankets, foam
Escape respirators, gas masks, self contained breathing
apparatus
Protec+ve gloves, goggles, suits
Spill absorbents, containment booms, neutralising chemical
Mobile emergency equipment
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Scope of emergency
Define levels of emergency:
Level 1:Can be dealt with by local department personnel
Level 2:
Need to ac+vate facility emergency response team; may
need to evacuate site
Level 3:Full scale emergency requiring outside assistance; possible
neighbourhood evacua+on
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Preven+ve maintenance
A Key Factor in Emergency Preparedness
Regular inspec+on and maintenance of: Storage tanks Secondary containment facili+es Pumps, valves, joints, pipelines Alarms for gases and liquids Process equipment Storm drains
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Preven+ve maintenance (contd)
Regular inspec+on and maintenance of:
Pollu+on control equipmenthelps prevent failures, leaks, accidents, emergencies
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Overview of emergency response plan
In addi+on to characterising poten+al emergencies andminimising risks, there must be an Emergency Response Plancovering:
Procedures (i.e., roles, responsibili+es, repor+ng
rela+onships, resources, ac+vi+es, records) for responding
to the various types of emergencies iden+fied
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Emergency response plan requirements
First alert procedure Internal emergency communica+on structure chain ofcommand Emergency Response Team members responsibili+es Internal, external emergency phone numbers Evacua+on routes, assembly points Responses to various types of emergency
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Emergency response plan requirements (contd)
Internal, external repor+ng requirements External communica+ons neighbours, media Restora+on, remedia+on, disposal of cleanup materials Postincident debriefing of Emergency Response Team Incident inves+ga+on, correc+ve, preven+ve ac+ons Emergency response training
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Specific requirements for emergency response plan
First alert procedure all personnelWhat to do, who to contact when an emergency isdiscovered
Emergency phone number(s), repor+ng requirements
Ini+al response ac+ons
Post instruc+ons around the site
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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More specific requirements for emergency response plan
Define the chain of command
Describe structure, responsibili+es, repor+ng rela+onships,phone numbers for Emergency Response Team members,
facility managers and supervisors
Response plans for various emergencies:
Fire, explosion, gas leak, spill
Command post, emergency team deployment, equipmentneeds, site security, mi+ga+on measures
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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More specific requirements for emergency response plan (contd)
Evacua+on of facility personnelIden+fy primary and secondary evacua+on routes andsafe assembly points on site map
Post maps at various loca+ons on the site
Evacua+on of neighbourhoodNo+fica+on of local residents, other neighbours,external emergency agencies: police, fire, ambulance,doctors, hospital
Iden+fy escape routes, responsibili+es
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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More specific requirements for emergency response plan (contd)
Repor+ng requirements and responsibili+esInternal: within the facility and organiza+on
External: to government, neighbours, mediaSite clean up, remedia+on plan
Includes safe disposal of contaminated absorbents andother materials
Emergency response team debriefing
Procedure for assessing effec+veness of emergencyresponse ac+onsRecommenda+ons for improvement
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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ISO 14001 Emergency Preparedness and Response also says:
The organiza+on shall review and revise, where necessary, itsemergency preparedness and response procedures, inpar+cular, aer the occurrence of accident or emergency
situa+ons
The organiza+on shall also periodically test such procedureswhere prac+cal
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Addi+onal specific requirements for emergency response plan
Incident inves+ga+onRoles, responsibili+es, and processRoot cause analysis
Correc+ve and preven+ve ac+ons
Records of the incident and emergency response
Revision of procedures to prevent recurrence
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Final specific requirements for emergency response plan
Drills to test emergency response proceduresSchedule drills regularly to simulate various types of
emergencies
Aer a drill, emergency response team reviews
effec+veness of procedures
Revise response procedures when necessary
Hold periodic evacua+on drills for en+re site Periodic review/revision of, and distribu+on list for, EmergencyResponse Plan
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Important points to remember are:
Preven+on (i.e., risk management) is a key component ofemergency preparedness
An organiza+on must have a procedure for iden+fying poten+alaccidents and emergencies
Need to know all poten+al sources, types and environmentalimpacts of emergencies
Planning for Emergencies
MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Important points to remember are: (contd)
An emergency response plan should cover roles,responsibili+es, resources, ac+ons, impact mi+ga+on,communica+ons, training, incident inves+ga+on, and review
procedures
Keep the emergency preparedness and response plan up todate
Hold regular drills to test the plan
Planning for Emergencies
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Managing Safety and Health
Personal Protec've Equipment
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Defini+on
Devices used to protect an employees from injury or illness
resul+ng from contact with chemical, radiological, physical,electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards (OSHA)
The need for PPE and the type of PPE used is based on hazard
present; each situa+on must be evaluated independently
Personal Protective Equipment
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Some Caveats
PPE is used as a last resort The use of PPE signifies that the hazard could not be controlledby other methods, such as:
administra+ve controls (i.e., shi rota+on)
engineering or industrial hygiene controls
Personal Protective Equipment
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Engineering and industrial hygiene controls
Design (remove hazard from process) Subs+tu+on (of less hazardous materials) Process modifica+on (how and where) Isolate the process or the worker Wet methods for dust reduc+on Local exhaust ven+la+on (at source)
Dilu+on ven+la+on (area) Good housekeeping
Personal Protective Equipment
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Back to the caveats
The use of PPE signals that the hazard s+ll exists in theworkplace
Unprotected individuals in the same area will be exposed Failure of PPE means that the worker will be exposed PPE can be combined with other controls
Personal Protective Equipment
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Head protec+on Eye and Face protec+on Hearing protec+on Respiratory protec+on Arm and Hand protec+on Foot and Leg protec+on Protec+ve clothing
Personal Protective Equipment
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Head protec+on
Hard Hats work by dissipa+ng force
Personal Protective Equipment
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Eye protec+on
Common Uses:
Impact Protec+on Chemical Hazards Radia+on Protec+on
welders goggles
laser goggles
UV
Infrared
Personal Protective Equipment
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Eye protec+on Selec+on
Visitor specs are only appropriate for nonemployees with notrue exposure to hazards
Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes from flying objects(no face protec+on)
Chemical splash goggles protect against fluids by sealing +ghtlyagainst the face
Face shields provide highest level of protec+on
Personal Protective Equipment
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MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Hearing protec+on
Noise induced hearing loss canoccur with exposures >90 dBA
A hearing conserva+on programbecomes a requirement atexposures >85dBA
Higher levels of noise exposurehave shorter allowable exposure
+mes
Personal Protective Equipment
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Noise levels vs dura+on
Personal Protective Equipment
Sound Level (dBA)
90
92
95
100
105
110115
Exposure (hours)8
6
4
2
1
0.50.25
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Hearing protec+on
Rule of Thumb if you cannot carry on a conversa+on in anormal tone of voice with someone at arms length, you are
likely near 90dBA
All hearing protec+on devices should have a Noise Reduc+onRa+ng (NRR) = # of decibels they will reduce noise levels
Be conserva+ve when using NRRs
Personal Protective Equipment
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Hearing protec+on Types
Ear Plugs less expensive, disposable, good ones have fairlyhigh NRRs some+mes difficult to tell if employees are wearing
them
Ear Muffs more expensive, more durable, typically higherNRRs than plugs, more obvious
Can be used together in very high noise areas
Personal Protective Equipment
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Arm and Hand protec+on
Gloves typical uses
Chemical protec+on Biohazard protec+on
Personal Protective Equipment
Abrasion protec+on Fric+on protec+on
Protec+on from extremes ofheat and cold
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Gloves more caveats
No glove is good against all hazards; consult laboratory safetylink on EHS web page for glove selec+on chart
Gloves have a finite lifespan and must be periodically replaced When donning gloves, examine them for signs of tears, cracks,
holes and dry rot
Hands should always be washed aer removing gloves
Personal Protective Equipment
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MANAGING SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Other protec+ve clothing
Used to protect street clothesfrom hazards in the workplace
Oen hazard specific To be considered effec+ve,
protec+ve clothing must
prevent the contaminant from
reaching the clothing or skinof the wearer!
Personal Protective Equipment
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Respiratory protec+on
Protects users by removingharmful materials that may
enter the body via the lungs
Inhala+on is one of thequickest, most efficient ways
to introduce lethal levels of
hazardous materials into thebody
Personal Protective Equipment
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Respirators types
Air Purifying Respirators (APR)Halfface
Full Face
Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Personal Protective Equipment
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Respirators A big caveat!
Employees should not wear a respirator unless they have beenmedically cleared to do so!
This clearance may take the form of a ques+onnaire, physicalexamina+on, pulmonary func+on tes+ng, chest XRay, or a
combina+on of the above
Personal Protective Equipment
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Why?
Respirators put addi+onal resistance against the respiratorysystem of the wearer
Persons with undiagnosed respiratory system or cardiovascularproblems could trigger a serious medical problem (respiratory
distress, asthma, heart aYack, etc.) by using a respirator
Personal Protective Equipment
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Important points to remember are:
PPE is hazard specific; the hazards of each workplace and taskmust be evaluated
PPE is used as a last resort when the hazard cannot becontrolled by other methods
Supervisors are responsible to ensure it is available and worn;Employees must wear and maintain their PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
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Important points to remember are: (contd)
PPE is only considered effec+ve if it prevents the contaminantfrom reaching the wearer
Respirators should not be worn by employees unless they havebeen medically cleared to do so
Personal Protective Equipment
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In this talk, we have learned the following:
Introduc+on to industrial hygieneDefini+on of industrial hygiene
Task of industrial hygienistThe main hazards and protec+on for hazard
Managing safety and healthSafety program organization
Planning for emergenciesPersonal protective equipment
Summary
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amri@ic.utm.my