Post on 16-Aug-2014
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HIS3931 – Oceanic Imperialism 7/11/07 9:30 AM
← Power is the main theme for today with a sprinkle of
movement
←
← why did Europeans want to travel?
curiosity, they wanted to know what was out there
competition within the European powers
desire for better access to Asian goods, especially
pepper
o spices, drugs, and aromatics were the most
profitable goods in the world. Weight per
revenue (extremely profitable)
religious motivation
←
← Trading-Post Empires
until about 500 years ago most empires were
concerned with commanding land and people
o the wanted power over the people where the
goods were produced
there is now empires that control trade
o they control how goods move around the
world
o on land and sea
land was more difficult than sea
o a stranglehold on the trade within a
geographic region
you could take over ports
control the routes of access
able to patrol the routes of access and
intersect competitors
there are some examples of the classical period of
trade empires, but they did not last very long
the post empires of trade were much larger and
lasted much longer
o the British empire has become the classic
form of imperialism
dominant sea going empires were Spain and
Portugal
o 1490s – to mid 17th century
o the Americas and Spain became the dominant
power in the 3Americas
o they were not so much conquers as they were
traders
The French, the Dutch, and the English then start
to become into trade countries
o The Dutch have just broken free from Spanish
rule
o England was not a major European power
it was a small kingdom, not very powerful
but they were able to establish global
power because of their increasing of their
navy
England is taking over the United
Kingdom at this time
o the French was just coming out of the
reformation battles
o These countries are termed as the fiscal-
military states
they were much better at collecting taxes
fiscal
and waging wars
military side
Differences between the land and sea empires
(audio)
o indigenes
natives, indigenous people
← Technology
gave Europeans a better advantage
only at this point European ships were able to
compete with Asian ships
by cracking the wind codes, they were able to
establish long trade routes
Europeans now could travel to Asia by going pat
the African south
1490’s Breakthrough decade
o Columbus
o John Cabot
discovered direct route across the north
Atlantic
o Vasco da Gama
Asian oceans
Military Technology
o They were able to make advances in ship
firepower
o Lighter guns, more mobile and could be put in
ships
o improvements in fortification
o there were no other ships with mounted
artillery
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← The Indian Ocean
the Portuguese seaborne empire
o direct trade with southern India
o establish a base in Goa
o establish a direct access with south east Asia
as well
o direct contact with Thailand and china
o and then Japan
o they took over Malacca in modern Malaysia
they were after nutmeg, cloves, aromatics
o they also attacked the ships of their
competitors
o establish extensive bases all over Asia and
Africa
o Portuguese empire was feeble and shallow
they are not coming in as empirical power
but as a pest
o the Portuguese were participating as shippers
and traders in the existing commerce of Asia,
not as dominators
o most of the Portuguese lived in places not
under their control and married native peoples
o they were welcomed into these areas
because they enhanced the existing trade
routes, they did not pose a threat
o Francisco Vieira da Figueiredo
A sense of an individual of somebody that
operated at this time
a poor Portuguese soldier in the east
turned to trade to make a living
Cosmopolite
somebody who could move easily
and readily throughout societies
some direct trade with Europe
European participation in commerce was of
commerce within Asian commerce
in the Indian ocean region the Portuguese had a bit
higher technology but the Asians had a better
arms so they traded on their terms
← Portugal’s Rivals
English East India Company (1600)
o Trade of spices and textiles
United East India Company of the Netherlands
(1602)
Portuguese were defeated and the English were
granted the new trading rights with India by the
Mughal Emperor (Jahangir)
the Europeans were again working within the
Indian commerce system and not as powerful lords
The Age of Partnership
the Europeans are trading on the terms of those
they are trading with
the Europeans are not longer taking over their land
7/11/07 9:30 AM
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7/11/07 9:30 AM
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