090209 Wh Englightenment 100m

transcript

Good Day!

DRAW A LINE SEPARATING TODAY & YESTERDAY1) Write: Date: 09/02/09, Topic: Enlightenment2) On the next line, write “Opener #6” and then:

1) Plot your mood, reflect in 1 sent.2) Respond to the opener by writing at least 2 sentences about:Your opinions/thoughts OR/AND

Questions sparked by the clip OR/AND

Summary of the clip OR/AND

Other things going on in the news.Announcements: NoneIntro Music: Untitled

Work #6a, Title “Opener Shareout”

Pick 1 thing from your opener to share with your partner.

1) Each of you sign your name in your partner’s workbook under 1) to verified you’ve shared.

Agenda1) What is the Enlightenment?2) Philosophy Salons

Essential Question1) How did the Enlightenment change EVERYTHING?

Reminder1) Find & complete your 4 news pods

Need to Know Dates (for test):500BC: Athens Direct Democracy400BC: Roman Representative

Democracy (Socrates, Plato, Epicurus)200BC: Rome Overtakes Greece(Seneca)400AD: Fall of Roman Empire400AD-1400AD: Medieval Period1400-1600AD: Renaissance Era1600-1800AD: Enlightenment Era

Main Purpose:The review of key points in pre-

modern history (500BC-1600AD) is to understand how modern government + thinking evolved.

a) Greek Direct Demo + Socraticb) Roman Representative Demo.c) Medieval Written Constitution

(Magnta Carta + Religious Order)

Review1) Religious Influence: Ppl’s

lives hard, but were attracted by promise of an after life.

Divine Right: King/Queens claimed authority from God

Catholicism: Heavy in France and Italy

Church of England (aka Anglican+Episcopalian)

Church/clergy powerful b/c land + donations (tithes).

Clergy

2) Feudalism: Kings couldn’t protect the ppl, so king would give land to nobles (lords), lords lend land to serfs (farmers) to work. Serfs pay lords, lords pay king.

3) Serfs: Bound to land, no improving their lives.

4) English French Wars: Fight over religion + power. Kings needs money from nobles. Nobles demand King to give lords power in exchange.

5) Magna Carta (1215): King of England oppressed nobles, nobles revolted + forced king to limit his power. First time king’s power limited by written document.

“No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,...or in any other way destroyed...except by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land. To no one will we sell, to none will we deny or delay, right or justice.”

-Magna Carta

6) Model Parliament (1295): King found easiest way to raise taxes was to get people in one place.

House of Lords:Nobles and Clergy(more power)House of Commons:Middle Class

7) Petition of Right (1628): Parliament forces king to get their permission to raises taxes.

8) English Civil War(1642): King tried to close parliament. Nobles fought back under Oliver Cromwell. Nobles won, created a puritan republic.

9) Glorious Revolution (1688): After years of chaos, nobles

peacefully reinstated a king in William and Mary, once they promise to sign the English Bill of Rights.

Nobility

10) English Bill of Rights (1689): Repeats some of early docs (trials and say in taxes), but added right free speech in parliament, to bear arms, no cruel and unusual punishment, and no Catholic king.

US Bill of Rights (1789)copies this.

Review

King Total Power (Divine Rule)

Wars w France Cost $

Nobles Pay for War

Nobles Get Power from King

Review

Manga Carta (1215)

Nobles get right to jury in crimes.

English Petition of Rights (1628)

King must get nobles consent before being taxed.

English Bill of Rights (1689)

King must protect nobles right to freedom of speech, arms, and

from cruel & punishment.

England’s monarchs slowly lose power to the nobles. This is ONLY in England, in the rest of Europe, the monarchs were still absolute.

Need to Know Dates (for test):500BC: Athens Direct Democracy400BC: Roman Representative

Democracy (Socrates, Plato, Epicurus)200BC: Rome Overtakes Greece(Seneca)400AD: Fall of Roman Empire400AD-1400AD: Medieval Period1400-1600AD: Renaissance Era1600-1800AD: Enlightenment Era

Notes #6, Title: “Enlightenment” 1) Ancien Régime: Nobles gain power

in UK (spreading to mid. class), monarchs still strongly in power in Eur (middle class no power).

2) Renaissance (1400-1600): Rebirth of Greek + Roman ideas spark innovation.

3) Enlightenment (Age of Reasoning, 1600-1800): Start of Modern Era when reasoning/logic was widely applied all things. To discover natural solutions. FAITH THAT HUMANS THROUGH REASONING CAN MAKE LIFE BETTER.

Why in the 1600s?1) Basic Enlightenment Ideas Always There:

The ancient writings of the Greeks were copied by Christian monks and Muslim scholars. Renaissance rekindles Greek and Roman ideas.

2) Centuries of War: Wars over religion (split between Catholic rulers and Protestant Rulers) pushed people to seek non religious answers.

3) Feudalism Unfair: King, church, and nobles enjoy the current power structure, but middle class and poor begin to question.

Notes #6, Title: “Enlightenment” 4) Scientific Revolution: Scientist like Galileo,

Bacon, Newton first to thoroughly use reason.5) Political Revolution: Philosophers like Locke,

Jefferson, & Paine use reason to question gov. Gov should serve the ppl, not divine rule (US Rev: 1774, FR Rev: 1789)

Scientific Method

Diderot's Encyclopedia

Notes #6, Title: “Enlightenment

Notes” 6) Locke (1632): People born

with rights (natural rights). Ppl exchange obedience for protection of these rights (social contract).

7) Rousseau (1712): Ppl born free, but old govs oppress people. Ppl better off free. The will of the majority should rule. Ppl should obey the common good (what’s good for the majority).

Notes #6, Title: “Enlightenment Notes” 8) Social Contract: You exchange

obedience to the gov for protection (K=contract).

“A man…having in the state of nature no arbitrary power over the life liberty or possession of another but …can give up to the commonwealth and by it to the legislative power so that the legislative can have no more than this.”

-John Locke

“All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men.”-Thomas Jefferson

Notes #6, Title: “Enlightenment Notes” 9) Montesquieu (1689): Power corrupts, so gov

should split power in 3 branches: Legislative: Make the lawExecutive: Put the law in actionJudicial: Decide the law

Notes #6, Title: “Enlightenment Notes” 10) Voltaire (1694): Freedom (esp speech) above

all must be protected so reason can solve our problems.

Hobbes (1588): State of nature so bad, even a dictator (monarch) is better.

EnglishCivil War1641–1651

Hobbes’ Leviathan (1660)

Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of war, where every man is enemy to every man, the same consequent to the time wherein men live without other security than what their own strength ... In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth... worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

SALONS (Living Rooms):Back then, gov controlled by monarchies, and universities controlled by churches were scared of new ideas. So wealthy women opened their living rooms (salons) to intellectuals. Madame Geoffrin’s Salons:

Work #6b, Title “Philosopher Salon”a) Leader: Executes the instructions, maintains morale through compliments, maximizes everyone’s contribution, and holds a larger

responsibility for the task (Fills out project sheet, +- 2 EC point). b) Presenter: Acts as the philosopher.c) Designer: Writes and draws the poster.d) Logistics: Handles materials and clean up. Guides group research and ensures the task done educationally/factually.

Task: Read + prepare poster and oral presentation about your philosopher.Work Product: Poster + Oral Presentation (actor + presenter): each round 2 ppl stay at their boothIn Your Workbook:1) Write down your role AND explain how does this project connects with real life2) A few notes on what your group will present on your phil3-11) 1 sentence about each philos from the presentations

FRONT OF CLASS: WHITE BOARD

GROUPSETUP

Projector

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FILE CABINETS

PARTICIPATION:

/ = Participation

- = Non-Participation

ATTENDANCE:Circle = AbsentDouble Circle =Tardy

16M T W T F

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Work #6c, Title “Montaigne on Self Esteem”

1) Copy Source Title: BBC Philos of Happiness

2…) Discuss questions on the board with a partner. Summarize your discussion (include their name at the end). Remember participation points are deducted if off task. 5 Reading/Film Qs Come From These Work Sections

Work #6d, Title “Nietzsche on Hardship”

1) Copy Source Title: BBC Philos of Happiness

2…) Discuss questions on the board with a partner. Summarize your discussion (include their name at the end). Remember participation points are deducted if off task. 5 Reading/Film Qs Come From These Work Sections

Notes #6b, Title: “Philo of Happiness Notes” 1) Socrates: We should always question

ourselves on why we do/think what we do2) Epicurus: Social interaction = happiness3) Seneca: Do not place undue high

expectations (do be optimist when due)4) Montaigne: We feel bad when we

inaccurately view our own body and other ppl’s abilities (ppl are flawed)

5) Nietzsche (1689): Continued hardship(with eventual success) makes life meaningful

Workbook peer check:

Have your partner look at your notebook to see if the formatting is correct, get their signature under Work#5a

Date: 09/02/09, Topic: Enlightenment

No new opener today, 5 minutes to prepare for your presentations.

Homework: 1) Study today’s notes + work sections

for a possible workbook quiz.2) Pick and listen to your 4 news

podcast by next Monday..

090209 Wh Englightenment 100m

Education