Post on 20-Dec-2015
transcript
1
CEE Areas of Specialization
• Construction• Environmental• Geotechnical• Structures• Transportation• Water Resources
2
Transportation Cost
• Total Government Revenues (2001) $125 Billion
• Total Government Expenditures (2001)
$183 Billion
From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2006
3
Environmental Cost
• Transportation contributes about 15-25% of US GHG emissions
• Approximately 40% of PM10 emissions in Seattle
• 50-60% NOx emissions
4
Transportation Engineering
• The science of safe and efficient movement of people and goods
• How does global trade play into this?
5
• Florida’s Natural Orange Juice
• http://video.aol.com/video-detail/floridas-natural-just-says-no-to-imported-oranges-advertisement/671132094
6
Where do you think your shirt was made?• How many of them were made in the
US?• How did it get here? Container ship• How long did it take? About a week• How much did it cost? $.25 a shirt
7
Why?
• Because that is where they grow cotton?• Because we don’t have the
manufacturing capability to make shirts in the US?
• Because labor is comparatively expensive in the US?
• Because global transportation is cheap!• Because the US has developed an
efficient system for importing and distributing goods.
8
How did this happen?
• This is the result of investments in transportation infrastructure in the mid-20th century and the deregulation of transportation rates which occurred in the mid to late 20th century
• US technological innovations such as the container and double-stack trains
• Until recently we’ve had an incredibly inexpensive and efficient freight transportation system
9
This has ENABLED globalization
• The United States exports and imports about one-fourth of global merchandise trade in value annually (over $2 trillion in 2000).
• By the year 2020 U.S. foreign trade in goods may grow to four times today's value and almost double its current tonnage.
• Are we paying the real cost?
10
Transportation Engineering
• The science of safe and efficient movement of people and goods
• How does global trade play into this?
11
If you build it….
12
They will come….
13
• Have you been to Vancouver for the weekend?
• What is the longest commute distance in the room?
Elasticity of demand
14
15
16
17
Globalization
18
Challenges to sustainability
Economic Growth:•Increase in industrial activities•Increase in personal income
•Increase in consumption
Transport Impacts:•Growth in trip rates
•Motorization•Change in mode share
•Urban expansion
Transport Services:•Facilitate movement of goods
and services•Improve access to work,
education, etc.
Economic and Environmental Impacts:
•Emissions (Conventional +GHG)•Congestion•Collisions•Noise, etc.
EnablesCreates
ProducesInhibits
19
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
20
Air Quality Concerns
21
Deaths from Urban Air Pollution, 2000
22
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
23
24
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
25
Development of the Container
26
Containerized trade is BOOMING
-
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
45,000,000
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
TE
Us
27
Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1996 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 2006
GDP
Merchandise exports
Average export growth 1996-06
Average GDP growth
1996-06
28
World Merchandise Exports and GDP
Total
Manufactures
GDP
100
1000
10000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
500
2500
5000
250
Average grow th rates, 1950-2005
Total exports 6.2 Manufactures 7.5 GDP 3.8
Semi-log scale
29
World exports and GDP
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
1870 1913 1950 1998 2005
bil
lio
ns
of
con
stan
t 19
90 d
oll
ars
Exports
GDP
30
Transport Growth in Selected Developing Countries
31
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
32
Share of Total Road Related Deaths by Category of User
33
34
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
35
Security
36
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
37
Infrastructure Condition
38
U.S. Interstate Highway Condition
From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Poor Mediocre Fair Good Very good
Rating
Per
cent
age
1992
2003
39
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
40
Clean Trucks Program
http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-trucks21jan21,0,2673139.story?coll=la-ho me-center
41
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
42
Increasing congestion on freight corridors and in urban areas
43
Increasing congestion on freight corridors and in urban areas
44
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Urban density• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
45
Urban Density
46
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
47
48
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
49
Changing business practices
• Outsourcing of supply• Internet commerce• Tighter management of the supply
chain• Inventory risk pooling, warehouse
consolidation• Success of very large importers• Just in time operation• Productivity improvements
50
Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends
51
Reliability
52
Consequences
• Congestion wastes expensive capacity, lengthens shipment times
• Delays reduce shipment reliability, disrupt delivery schedules
• Pressure for continued expansion of public infrastructure
• Businesses adapt in inefficient ways– Outlying locations, longer shipments– Larger inventories, bigger fleets
53
Infrastructure development is not the only answer
congestion
Provide more infrastructure
Ease congestion, allow for higher speeds, encourage more driving
54
The Transportation Engineering Challenge• To safely and efficiently move people
and goods• Not just by designing and building the
transportation infrastructure, but by managing the infrastructure and demand for the infrastructure
• Design a transportation system that is sustainable
55
Intelligent Transportation Systems• Our ability to do this has developed
dramatically with electronic sensors and communication– Quantify congestion and compare
congestion costs to rationalize investment– Use cost to distribute capacity rather than
delay– Automatically detect and avoid dangers– Improve security– Operate more efficiently
56
Concerns for the future
• Is the transportation system economically sustainable?
• How much fuel is consumed by the transportation industry, and what kind of fuel?
• What is the impact on the environment?
• How do we cope with immense financial cost of maintaining and developing our infrastructure?
57
Passenger Transportation Successes• Through the development of technology we
have cleaned up passenger vehicles• In some areas the exhaust is cleaner than
the ambient air!• Passenger-miles of travel in the United
States totaled an estimated 5.0 trillion in 2002, or about 17,000 miles for every man, woman, and child
• Over the decade 1992 to 2002, pmt increased 27 percent
• The only time PMT has ever decreased is during the fuel crisis of the 1970s
58
Effort is now focused on freight transportation• Replace locomotive fleet• Improve quality of diesel fuels used• Cold-ironing• Incentives to upgrade drayage fleet• Increase terminal efficiencies• Speed restrictions on maritime vessels in
port• Advanced pollution technologies• Improving road network for freight traffic• Improved tracking, introduced appointment
times to reduce wait times• Reducing fuel cost and VMT should increase
productivity and efficiency
59
The future of transportation
• Areas like the Puget Sound carry more burden than other areas yet transportation projects are linked to economic development
• Desire of developing nations to reach the industrialized status of the North
• Inequities caused by pricing transportation by usage and increased transportation cost
• Funding future transportation projects
60
Undergraduate Transportation at UW• CEE 320 Transportation Engineering I (3)
Study of vehicular transportation fundamentals including geometric design, pavement design, traffic flow concepts, level of service analysis, intelligent transportation systems, travel demand prediction methods, and management of transportation systems. Includes a review of relevant vehicle operating characteristics.
• CEE 410 Traffic Engineering Fundamentals (3) General review of the fundamentals of traffic engineering, including their relationship to transportation operations management and planning, with emphasis on calculations and procedures in the Highway Capacity Manual; field surveys and data analysis. Prerequisite: CEE 320.
• CEE 412 Transportation Data Management (3) Introduction to modern concepts, theories, and tools for transportation data management and analysis. Applications of software tools for transportation data storage, information retrieval, knowledge discovery, data exchange, on-line information sharing, statistical analysis, system optimization, and decision support.
• CEE 416 Urban Transportation Planning and Design (3) Brief review of major issues in urban transportation planning. Planning process discussed and transportation models introduced. Uses a systems framework, including goals and objectives, evaluation, implementation, and monitoring. A design term project, individual or small groups, utilizes material presented on a contemporary problem. Prerequisite: CEE 320. Offered: A.
• CEE 441 Transportation and Construction Capstone (4) Comprehensive design project focusing on planning, design and construction of transportation project such as highways, transit, and airports. Prerequisite: CEE 320; CEE 440, which may be taken concurrently.
61
Questions?