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Chapter 1

Introduction to Organizational Behavior

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OB studies what people do in an organization and how that behavior affects the performance of the organization.

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Effective manager vs. successful manager

Management duties• What managers do

• Management roles

• Management skills

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Management functions

Planning

Organizing

Leading

Controlling

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Management functions

Interpersonal roles

Informational roles

Decisional roles

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Management skills

Technical skills

Human skills

Conceptual skills

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Goals of Organizational Behavior

Explain, predict, and control human behavior

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The field of OB seeks to replace intuitive explanations with

systematic study

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What other knowledge help us understand OB?

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Psychology seeks to measure,explain,

and change behavior

Sociology studies people in relation to their

fellow human beings

Social psychologyfocuses on the

influence of peopleon one another

Anthropology is the study of societies

to learn about human beings and their activities

Political science is the study of the

behavior of individuals and groups within

a political environment

Contributing Disciplines

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OB Model

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Dependent variable

Things which will be affected by OB • Productivity

• What factors influence the effectiveness and efficiency of individuals

• Absenteeism

• Absenteeism is not all bad

• Having too high employee absent rate will affect productivity

• Turnover

• Not all turnover is bad

• High turnover rate…in some degree affect productivity, particularly 4 the hospitality inducstry

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• Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)• No one will want to pick up the slack

• No one would want to walk extra miles to achieve the goals.

• Job satisfaction• Unhappy employees…what else can you say?

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Organizational citizenship

Discretionary behavior Not part of an employee's formal job

requirements Promotes the effective functioning of the

organization

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Examples of Organizational Citizenship

Helping others on one's work team Volunteering for extra job activities Avoiding unnecessary conflicts Making constructive statements about

one's work group and the overall organization

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Independent variables

Individual variables• Age, gender, personality, emotion, values, attitude,

ability

• Perception, individual decision making, learning, and motivation

Group variables• Norm, communication, leadership, power, politics

Organization system variables• Organizational culture, HR practices

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Challenges and Opportunities for OB

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Typical employee is getting older More women and minorities in the workplace Global competition is requiring employees to

become more flexible Historical loyalty-bonds that held many

employees to their employers are being severed

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Responding to Globalization

Increased Foreign Assignments Working with People from Different

Cultures Coping with Anti-Capitalism Backlash Overseeing Movement of Jobs to

Countries with Low-cost Labor

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Managing DiversityWorkforce diversity -

organizations are becoming a more

heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race,

ethnicity, and sexual orientation

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Diversity Implications

Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that ensure employee retention and greater productivity.

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OB Insights

Improving People Skills Improving Customer Service Empowering People Working in Networked Organizations Stimulating Innovation and Change

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OB Insights

Coping with “Temporariness” Helping Employees Balance Work/Life

Conflicts Declining Employee Loyalty Improving Ethical Behavior