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transcript

Basic of Machine

Motorcycle Engineering (021)Comprehends Engine Basic

(DKK – 1)

Teknologi dan Rekayasa2

Target of Lesson

Student can explain statics science basis and strain

Student can explain component / machine element

Student can explain material and process performance

Statics Science Basis and Strain

Definition

Statics science studies about strength of material based on strain combination trap and strain either two dimensions and also three dimensions

In material doesn't get out of strain and strain, because of two the things can be searched strength from material, like strength draws, bending and torsion

Tensile Stress & Pressure

Strength draws not to get out of strain and strain. Both this properties measured when doing test to draw or compress

In drawing, strain is long increase from material, while in depressing is pemendekkan from material depressed

Tensile

Strain

Result from strain and strain if it is alloted will yield a Young's modulus ( E). this Mudulus Young applied at elastic district from material property.

Tensile profile and strain

Effect of attractive force happened is decrement of diameter as the diagram is drawn

Rasio Poison

Displacement happened as result of existence of force shifting substance so that happened strain and shear strain. countable Strain and shear strain by using equation of continuity hereunder:

Shearing tensile

Construction from material doesn't get out of depressing payload or force not at vocal point so that happened bending. Effect of this force happened strain bending which is countable

as in under this:

M = Moment bendingI = Second moment from area

Y = Vocal point distance from point of payload

Bending Tensile

Maximum Tensile

Torsion

Joint applied as rotary linkage there will be torque that is also is called as Torsi.

For this joint something applies solid joint and holey joint, both having each excess and weakness

Solid Joint

At solid joint calculation energy power capacities received is countable as follows:Shearing strain maximum

With D = diameter, T = Torsion Torsion capacities

Solid Joint

Power capacities

with N = number of revolutions per second

Angle of revolution

With G = shear modulus, Levator skapula = long

Holey Joint

Solid joint has weakness of its(the smaller diffract payload. To overcome it is usable is

holey joint.

This holey joint can use slimmer material, but weakness from this joint is stiffer from

solid joint, so that easier broken.

Holey Joint

Calculation to know usable rating of equation of continuity hereunder:

With, D = outer diameter, d = inner diameter

Machine Element

Brake is mechanism functioning to slow down or stops carriage speed.

Gear is machine element is in the form of functioning tooth as tramsmission angular motion and power from machine component one to other.

The efficiency closing 98% so that gear many used to make actuator motor transmission to axis impulse.

Spur Gear

Gear Clasification

Helical Gear

Double Helical Gear

Gear Clasification

Bevel Gear

Gear Clasification

Worm Gear

Gear Clasification

Bearing

Bearing is apparatus to hold between rotary substances with non movable substance ( frame) that friction happened softer without releasing noise.

Bearing

Ball Bearing

Bearing

Roll Bearing

Bearing

Pin Bearing

Bearing

Roller Taper Bearing

Spiral spring is functioning machine element to control impulse by the way of arrest detaining, damps jitter, refines hammering and other impulse controller model.

Simply can be told that spiral spring is reservoir media of dissociation energy of diatomic for impulse controller

Spring

Helical Pressure Spring

Spring

Helical Torsion Spring

Spring

Helical Conical Spring

Spring

Leaf Spring

Spring

Functioning axle as linkage joint between machine components at the same time gives dissociation energy of diatomic owned.

Axle with breach-block pin to kill relative impulse of other component with axle

Axle with splin to kill relative impulse of other component with axle

Shaft coupling to connect axle one otherly with the relation of stiff

Transmission is important machine component to connect between actuator engines with impulse.

Function of erection of transmission is to continue revolution and engine power. Beside the function, transmission as revolution controller so that kendaran motorizes can be implemented easily at various speed.

Transmission

Basic Construction

Transmission

Drive gear type

Transmission

Chain Drive

Transmission

Belt Drive Type

Transmission

Material and Process Performance

Marginally material or material is differentiated to to become two, that is metallic material ( metal) and non metal.

Metallic material is differentiated again becomes iron metal (ferro) and non iron (non ferro). Including metal ferro is pig iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, and steel stainless.

Definition

Iron Casting is alloy from iron and carbon so that liquid temperature at the range of 1200O C.

Iron Casting

Grey Iron

Named grey iron because its(the grey colour. This iron has content 1,5-4,3% carbon and 0,3-5% silicon is added [by] manganese, sulfur ( sulphur) and phosphorus.

This fragible material with strength draws is low but easy to be cast. This thing is caused height of grade carbon at gray cast iron, but high carbon grade formed chipping which can arrest detain jitter damping carefully.

Iron Casting

Alloy Iron

Alloy iron is iron mixed with by nickel alloys, chromium, molydenum, vanadium, coopper and zirconium.

This alloy its(the usage to get strong iron, firm, resistant of abrasion, heatresistant, rustproof, solvent of engine and can be tied on other material.

Iron Casting

Carbon steel often applied in construction good to building and or machinery devices.

This steel alloy from iron and carbon with a few element like manganese, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, nipple and chromium.

Carbon Steel

Carbon steel has unique property and divided three classifications that is

Low carbon steel (0,05-0,3%C) with ductility(ductility) high and easy to be formed

Medium carbon steel (0,3-0,6%C) with heat treatment has strength and better hardness but susceptible to ductility

High carbon steel (> 0,6%) by force and high strength, applied for device, mold, spiral spring and others.

Carbon Steel

Differs from carbon steel, this steel has proportion of high alloy to the alloying element. Material which often applied in alloy steel is:

Aluminium

This material makes holding up oxidation causing resistant from rust attack but lessening strength from material. Usage percentage 0-2%.

Alloy Steel

ChromAt usage 0,3-4%, improve repairs abrasion endurance, oxidation, scale resistance, strength and hardness. improvement of Strength at high temperature but losing of ductility

Cobalt This material improve;repairs hardness and scale resistance also improve repairs cut to become militant device with 8 - 10%. With chromium, cobalt gives high alloy steel at high temperature.

Alloy Steel

Copper At typical of range 0,2-0,5% gives corrosion proof and strength of yield at alloy steel.

Lead Above 0,25% applied to increase solvent of engine at carbon steel.

Mangan At range 0,3-2% lessens brittleness sulphur. Percentage

1-2% improve repairs strength and bend and finite magnetic xenon property of 5%.

Alloy Steel

MolydenumAt usage of 0,3-5% increases strength of high temperature, crack resistance, and hardness.

NikelAt range 0,3-5% increases strength, bend and hardness without ductility aspect. At high proportion improve repairs corrosion proof.

SiliconWith usage of range 0,2-3% improve repairs strength and hardness but lessening ductility. Material silicon which is easy is oxidized (rusty).

Alloy Steel Sulphur

Above 0,5% increases solvent of engine but lessening ductility and solvent of weld.

TitaniumAt proportion 0,3-0,75% increases strength and hardness at steel maraging.

TungstenThis material gives high hardness and bend at high temperature.

Vanadium This material improve;repairs hardness property and if

combined with wearable carbon of abrasion.

Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel is carbon steel with chromium mixture 10% causing resistant to rust.

For metal non ferro for example aluminum, copper, spelter, lead, titanium, silver, tin, and others. Something in the form of regulus and something mixture or alloy. Example of metal non ferro alloy is touch pitch copper ( cooper alloy with tin) and brass ( cooper alloy with spelter).

Therefore usage of the metal also is adapted for propertys owned by metal type.

Non Metal Material

Plastics

Plastics is material based on polymers. Plastics there are two kinds, that is polymers thermoplastics which if heated will melt and can be reprinted, while termoset polymers is plastics which if heated will become ash.

Composite

Composite is material made from resin and matrik, resin as binder usually plastics, and matrik is brace which is in the form of fiber arranged.

Non Metal Material

Ceramic

Ceramics is material which the making using powder technology. This thing is done by absolut zero from very high ceramics ( for 2000OC) so that to unite heated to be finite of ambient temperature 1200 until skin from prilled of powder melts and linked up with to be other prilled.

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