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EE663: Digital Image ProcessingEE663: Digital Image Processing

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, View from the Window at Le Gras, 1826.

The first photograph in the world

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EE663-Digital Image Processing& Analysis

Dr. Samir H. Abdul-JauwadElectrical Engineering DepartmentKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

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Tour Guide

Image Compression

Image Manipulation

Image Analysis

Image Acquisition

Image Perception

Image Display

Image Generation

D.I.P.ThemePark

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A Historical Overview of DIPA Historical Overview of DIP

Newspaper industry used Bartlane cable picturetransmission system to send pictures by submarine cable between London and New York in 1920s

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Early ImprovementEarly Improvement

The number of distinct gray levels coded by Bartlane system was improved from 5 to 15 by the end of 1920s

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The Born of Digital ComputersThe Born of Digital Computers

The images in previous slides are digital; but The images in previous slides are digital; but they are NOT considered as the results of DIPthey are NOT considered as the results of DIPWhat do we mean by What do we mean by Digital Image Digital Image ProcessingProcessing– Processing digital images by a digital computerProcessing digital images by a digital computer

DIP has been dependent on the development DIP has been dependent on the development of digital computers and other supporting of digital computers and other supporting technologies (e.g., data storage, display and technologies (e.g., data storage, display and transmission)transmission)

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Soar Into Outer SpaceSoar Into Outer Space

The first picture of moon by US spacecraft Ranger 7on July 31, 1964 at 9:09AM EDT

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The Born of Computer TomographyThe Born of Computer Tomography

Sir Godfrey N. Housefield and Prof. Allan M. Cormackshared 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the invention of CT

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Acquisition Acquisition – Digital cameras, scanners Digital cameras, scanners – MRI and Ultrasound imagingMRI and Ultrasound imaging– Infrared and microwave imagingInfrared and microwave imaging

TransmissionTransmission– Internet, satellite and wireless communicationInternet, satellite and wireless communication

StorageStorage– CD/DVD, Blu-rayCD/DVD, Blu-ray– Falsh memory, Phase-change memoryFalsh memory, Phase-change memory

DisplayDisplay– Printers, LCD monitor, digital TVPrinters, LCD monitor, digital TV– Portable DVD player, PDAs, cell-phonePortable DVD player, PDAs, cell-phone

The Boom of Digital ImagesThe Boom of Digital Imagesin the Last 20 Yearsin the Last 20 Years

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A Physical Perspective of Image AcquisitionA Physical Perspective of Image Acquisition

Extend the capabilities of human vision Extend the capabilities of human vision systemssystems– From visible spectrum to non-visible From visible spectrum to non-visible

electromagnetic power spectrumelectromagnetic power spectrum– From close-distance sensing to remote sensingFrom close-distance sensing to remote sensing

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Visible (I): PhotographyVisible (I): Photography

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Visible (II): Motion PicturesVisible (II): Motion Pictures

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Visible (III): Law Enhancement and Visible (III): Law Enhancement and BiometricsBiometrics

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Visible (IV): Light MicroscopyVisible (IV): Light Microscopy

Taxol (250) Cholesterol (40) Microprocessor (60)

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Visible (V): Remote SensingVisible (V): Remote Sensing

Hurricane Andrewtaken by NOAA GEOS

America at night (Nov. 27, 2000)

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Beyond Visible (I): Thermal ImagesBeyond Visible (I): Thermal Images

Human body dispersesheat (red pixels)

Different colors indicatevarying temperatures

Operate in infrared frequency

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Beyond Visible (II): Radar Images Beyond Visible (II): Radar Images

Moutains in Southeast Tibet

Operate in microwave frequency

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Beyond Visible (III): MRI and AstronomyBeyond Visible (III): MRI and Astronomy

knee spine head

visible infrared radio

Operate in radio frequency

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Beyond Visible (IV): Fluorescence MicroscopyBeyond Visible (IV): Fluorescence Microscopy

normal corn smut corn

Operate in ultraviolet frequency

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Beyond Visible (V): Medical DiagnosticsBeyond Visible (V): Medical Diagnostics

chest head

Operate in X-ray frequency

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Beyond Visible (VI): PET and AstronomyBeyond Visible (VI): PET and Astronomy

Positron Emission Tomography

Cygnus Loop in theconstellation of Cygnus

Operate in gamma-ray frequency

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Other Non-Electro-Magnetic Imaging ModalitiesOther Non-Electro-Magnetic Imaging Modalities

Acoustic imagingAcoustic imaging– Translate “sound waves” into image signalsTranslate “sound waves” into image signals

Electron microscopyElectron microscopy– Shine a beam of electrons through a specimanShine a beam of electrons through a speciman

Synthetic images in Computer GraphicsSynthetic images in Computer Graphics– Computer generated (non-existent in the real Computer generated (non-existent in the real

world) world)

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Acoustic ImagingAcoustic Imaging

potential locations of oil/gas

visible seismic

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Electron MicroscopeElectron Microscope

2500 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of damaged integrated circuit

(white fibers are oxides resulting from thermal destruction)

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Cartoon Pictures (Non-photorealistic)Cartoon Pictures (Non-photorealistic)

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Synthetic Images in GamingSynthetic Images in Gaming

Age of Empire III by Ensemble Studios

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Virtual Reality (Photorealistic)Virtual Reality (Photorealistic)

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Graphics in ArtGraphics in Art

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Graphics in MedicineGraphics in Medicine

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Mixture of Graphics and PhotosMixture of Graphics and Photos

Morgantown, WV in Google Map

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Summary: Why do we need images?Summary: Why do we need images?Various imaging modalities help us to see Various imaging modalities help us to see invisible objects due toinvisible objects due to– Opaqueness (e.g., see through human body)Opaqueness (e.g., see through human body)– Far distance (e.g., remote sensing)Far distance (e.g., remote sensing)– Small size (e.g., light microscopy)Small size (e.g., light microscopy)

Other signals (e.g., seismic) can also be Other signals (e.g., seismic) can also be translated into images to facilitate the analysistranslated into images to facilitate the analysisImages are important to convey information Images are important to convey information and support reasoningand support reasoning

A picture is worth a thousand words!

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Toward the Future: Nano-scale ImagingToward the Future: Nano-scale Imaging

New imagingtechnology that can reveal finestructures at thenano scale isgoing to be usefulIn biology (e.g.,protein sequencingand folding)

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Tour Guide

Image Compression

Image Manipulation

Image Analysis

Image Acquisition

Image Perception

Image Display

Image Generation

D.I.P.ThemePark

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Image Display and PerceptionImage Display and Perception

DisplayDisplay– CRT, LCD, DLP, Plasma, LCOS, D-ILACRT, LCD, DLP, Plasma, LCOS, D-ILA– HDTV, display wallHDTV, display wall– PDA, cellular phone, GameboyPDA, cellular phone, Gameboy– Stereoscopic (3D)Stereoscopic (3D)

PerceptionPerception– Human Vision System (HVS)Human Vision System (HVS)– Vision-related diseases and healthcareVision-related diseases and healthcare

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CRT: Cathode Ray Tube CRT: Cathode Ray Tube

Mitsubishi WS-55813 Rear Projection CRT

Sony KV34XBR910 Direct View CRT

Future: extinction

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LCD: Liquid Crystal Display LCD: Liquid Crystal Display

Philips 42FD9954 Flat Screen LCD Display

Future: bigger, faster, cheaper

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Virtual WallVirtual Wall

NASA Space Shuttle on the display wall, March 1999

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Display on Mobile DevicesDisplay on Mobile Devices

cell phone

portable DVD

Gameboy

PDA

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3D Display3D Display

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The Ultimate Display: Virtual Retinal DisplayThe Ultimate Display: Virtual Retinal Display

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Human Vision SystemHuman Vision System

Simultaneous contrast

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Fascinating Optical IllusionsFascinating Optical Illusions

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Interpretation AmbiguityInterpretation Ambiguity

Is it seal or donkey?Is it duck or hare?