Post on 29-Mar-2015
transcript
11
Garden Apartment FiresBy Capt. David Polikoff
Garden Apartment FiresBy Capt. David Polikoff
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ObjectivesObjectives
• Discuss construction of garden apartment
• Discuss tactics
• Discuss our rolls and functions on the fire ground
• Discuss command considerations
• Discuss construction of garden apartment
• Discuss tactics
• Discuss our rolls and functions on the fire ground
• Discuss command considerations
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OverviewOverview
Building Construction
Layout and Design
Box Assignment
Strategy and Tactics
Command Considerations
Building Construction
Layout and Design
Box Assignment
Strategy and Tactics
Command Considerations
44
Definitions Definitions • Aggressive: moving quickly to accomplish a
task. All the while keeping safety of you and your crew in mind. Aggressive firefighting is used in offensive or defensive modes.
• Forceful• Hard hitting• Assertive • Unyielding
• Attic: a story or room directly below the peaked roof of a building, especially a house.
• Aggressive: moving quickly to accomplish a task. All the while keeping safety of you and your crew in mind. Aggressive firefighting is used in offensive or defensive modes.
• Forceful• Hard hitting• Assertive • Unyielding
• Attic: a story or room directly below the peaked roof of a building, especially a house.
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Definitions cont.Definitions cont.
• Cockloft: structural space above ceiling and below rafters of a flat roof building, often connecting adjacent occupancies and permitting fire to spread laterally, often unseen.
• Division: The organizational level that is responsible for operations within a
defined geographic area, or with functional responsibility. Radio designation:
Division xxx (Roof, Basement 1,2,3,4…)
• Cockloft: structural space above ceiling and below rafters of a flat roof building, often connecting adjacent occupancies and permitting fire to spread laterally, often unseen.
• Division: The organizational level that is responsible for operations within a
defined geographic area, or with functional responsibility. Radio designation:
Division xxx (Roof, Basement 1,2,3,4…)
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Definitions cont.Definitions cont.
• Group: The organizational level that is responsible for a specified functional
assignment at an incident, e.g., ventilation, salvage, water resources, etc. Radio
designation: “specific function- (e.g., Salvage)”
• Poke through: A hole or opening in fire stopping material
• VES: Vent Enter Search
• Group: The organizational level that is responsible for a specified functional
assignment at an incident, e.g., ventilation, salvage, water resources, etc. Radio
designation: “specific function- (e.g., Salvage)”
• Poke through: A hole or opening in fire stopping material
• VES: Vent Enter Search
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Key to SuccessKey to Success• Aggressive Truck and Engine Work
– Open walls and ceilings– Bring the correct GPM (min. 150 GPM), hose
length and size – Put the manpower in the correct place
• Plenty of Manpower
• Understand how fire spreads in Garden Apartments
• Aggressive Truck and Engine Work– Open walls and ceilings– Bring the correct GPM (min. 150 GPM), hose
length and size – Put the manpower in the correct place
• Plenty of Manpower
• Understand how fire spreads in Garden Apartments
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Keys to Success cont.Keys to Success cont.
• Understand how Garden Apartments are built– Kitchens and
bathrooms stacked on top of each other from the bottom to the top
• Be prepared to stretch hose longer than 200 feet
• Preplan your area
• Understand how Garden Apartments are built– Kitchens and
bathrooms stacked on top of each other from the bottom to the top
• Be prepared to stretch hose longer than 200 feet
• Preplan your area
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Always check the attic/cockloft on any fire regardless where in the building the fire started. Do this to ensure no fire has entered the walls and is traveling to the overhead spaces.
Always check the attic/cockloft on any fire regardless where in the building the fire started. Do this to ensure no fire has entered the walls and is traveling to the overhead spaces.
Keys to Success cont.Keys to Success cont.
1010
Keys to Success cont.Keys to Success cont.From this From this
To thisTo this
1111
Building ConstructionBuilding Construction
• New vs. Old
• Stack Design
• Pipe Chases
• Roof Design
• New vs. Old
• Stack Design
• Pipe Chases
• Roof Design
1212
ConstructionConstruction
• Buildings are usually – Wood frame– Brick veneer– Ordinary construction– Multiple buildings joined together– Common attic/cockloft– Lightweight building construction
• Roof and floor
• Buildings are usually – Wood frame– Brick veneer– Ordinary construction– Multiple buildings joined together– Common attic/cockloft– Lightweight building construction
• Roof and floor
1313
New ConstructionNew Construction• Lumber yards in the sky• Large open spaces• Large open cocklofts/attics • Light weight building materials• Light Weight Truss Construction• Wooden “I” Beams (with poke through in the
web)• Energy efficient • Flammable exterior siding
– Vinyl
• Lumber yards in the sky• Large open spaces• Large open cocklofts/attics • Light weight building materials• Light Weight Truss Construction• Wooden “I” Beams (with poke through in the
web)• Energy efficient • Flammable exterior siding
– Vinyl
1414
Old ConstructionOld Construction
• Nailed roof systems
• Masonry construction (brick and block)
• Metal “I” Beams
• Sturdy
• Not as energy efficient
• Nailed roof systems
• Masonry construction (brick and block)
• Metal “I” Beams
• Sturdy
• Not as energy efficient
1515
Stacked unitsStacked units
• Kitchen– Stove vents
• Bathrooms– Plumbing drains– Vent stacks
• Provides fire spread through convection and conduction
• Same floor plan plus or minus bedrooms
• Kitchen– Stove vents
• Bathrooms– Plumbing drains– Vent stacks
• Provides fire spread through convection and conduction
• Same floor plan plus or minus bedrooms
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Pipe ChasesPipe Chases
• Run vertical and horizontal
• Cut through fire stops
• Cut through wooden “I” Beams
• Provides avenue for fire and smoke travel
• Provides fire spread through conduction and convection
• Run vertical and horizontal
• Cut through fire stops
• Cut through wooden “I” Beams
• Provides avenue for fire and smoke travel
• Provides fire spread through conduction and convection
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RoofRoof• Light weight truss
– Fail very quickly– Gusset plates– Built off site– Each component relies on each other
• Solid sawn wood– More solid than truss– Solid wooden beams
• Sometimes larger than 2x4
– Built on site
• Light weight truss – Fail very quickly– Gusset plates– Built off site– Each component relies on each other
• Solid sawn wood– More solid than truss– Solid wooden beams
• Sometimes larger than 2x4
– Built on site
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Roof cont.Roof cont.
• Eaves– Direct access to the attic for venting fire
• Loads on roof– HVAC
• Plywood– Burns very fast as it delaminates
• Flat
• Pitched
• Eaves– Direct access to the attic for venting fire
• Loads on roof– HVAC
• Plywood– Burns very fast as it delaminates
• Flat
• Pitched
1919
Roof cont.Roof cont.
Truss Construction
Pitched Roof
Broken Truss Component Broken Truss Component
Gusset Plates
2020
Roof cont.Roof cont.
Flat Roof
Stairwell Hatch
2121
Layout Of BuildingLayout Of Building
• Side “A” vs. Side “C”
• Kitchens
• Bathrooms
• Hallway
• Building Access
• Building Size
• Side “A” vs. Side “C”
• Kitchens
• Bathrooms
• Hallway
• Building Access
• Building Size
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Side A vs. Side CSide A vs. Side C
• What are the differences– Number of stories
• Access– Truck Company
• Laddering– Ground
• Rear entrance• Terrain
• What are the differences– Number of stories
• Access– Truck Company
• Laddering– Ground
• Rear entrance• Terrain
2323
KitchensKitchens
• Same from bottom to top
• Fire travel
• Extension
• Overhaul
• Same from bottom to top
• Fire travel
• Extension
• Overhaul
2424
BathroomsBathrooms
• Same from bottom to top
• Fire travel
• Extension
• Overhaul
• Same from bottom to top
• Fire travel
• Extension
• Overhaul
2525
HallwaysHallways
• Side A
• Enclosed
• Open
• Court yard style
• Foyer style– Typical layout
• Side A
• Enclosed
• Open
• Court yard style
• Foyer style– Typical layout
2626
Hallway cont.Hallway cont.
Foyer Style
Most common
Foyer Style
Most common
Enclosed HallwayEnclosed Hallway
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Hallway cont.Hallway cont.
Court Yard StyleCourt Yard Style
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Hallway cont.Hallway cont.
Open Stairs no hallwayOpen Stairs no hallway
Is this old or new construction?
Fallout Shelter Sign
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Building AccessBuilding Access• How does it sit
– Shotgun (sideways)– Rear facing– Up stairs– Down stairs– Across a bridge
• Distance from curb– Pre-connects– Leader line
• How does it sit– Shotgun (sideways)– Rear facing– Up stairs– Down stairs– Across a bridge
• Distance from curb– Pre-connects– Leader line
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Building AccessBuilding Access
Down StairsDown Stairs ShotgunShotgun
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Building AccessBuilding Access
Side CSide C UpstairsUpstairs
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Building AccessBuilding Access
Across a bridgeAcross a bridge
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Building AccessBuilding Access
200 feet pre-connect lines will not get there200 feet pre-connect lines will not get there
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Building SizeBuilding Size
• Small older building– Small hallway– Small entrance
• Large newer construction– Long hallways– Large lobby area
• Small older building– Small hallway– Small entrance
• Large newer construction– Long hallways– Large lobby area
One building
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Our Box AssignmentOur Box Assignment
• Minimum of 26 people
– 5 Engines– 2 Trucks– 1 Rescue Squad– 1 EMS unit
• Behind the “8 ball” from the dispatch
• Minimum of 26 people
– 5 Engines– 2 Trucks– 1 Rescue Squad– 1 EMS unit
• Behind the “8 ball” from the dispatch
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Apparatus PlacementApparatus Placement• 1st Engine secure water supply
– Side A
• 2nd Engine complete water supply for 1st Engine– Side A
• 3rd Engine secure 2nd water supply – Side C
• 4th Engine complete 3rd engines water supply– Side C
• 1st Engine secure water supply– Side A
• 2nd Engine complete water supply for 1st Engine– Side A
• 3rd Engine secure 2nd water supply – Side C
• 4th Engine complete 3rd engines water supply– Side C
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Apparatus Placement cont.Apparatus Placement cont.
• 5th Engine– Uncommitted
• 1st Truck Side A
• 2nd Truck Side C
• Rescue Squad don’t block engines or trucks
• EMS Unit Don’t block incoming units or hydrants
• 5th Engine– Uncommitted
• 1st Truck Side A
• 2nd Truck Side C
• Rescue Squad don’t block engines or trucks
• EMS Unit Don’t block incoming units or hydrants
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Crew AssignmentCrew Assignment• 1st Engine
– Size up side A– Fire floor attack fire
• 2nd Engine– back up 1st engine
Protect exits
• 3rd Engine– Size up side C– Attack fire floor above or
most threatened exposure
• 1st Engine
– Size up side A– Fire floor attack fire
• 2nd Engine– back up 1st engine
Protect exits
• 3rd Engine– Size up side C– Attack fire floor above or
most threatened exposure
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Crew Assignment cont.Crew Assignment cont.• 4th Engine
– RIC
• 5th Engine– Uncommitted – Report to the IC
• 1st Truck– Ladders Ladders
Ladders side A– Open up, vent and
search– Report to the fire floor
• 4th Engine– RIC
• 5th Engine– Uncommitted – Report to the IC
• 1st Truck– Ladders Ladders
Ladders side A– Open up, vent and
search– Report to the fire floor
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Crew Assignment cont.Crew Assignment cont.
• 2nd Truck – Ladders Ladders Ladders Side C
• Report to the floor above the fire– Open up, vent, search
• Rescue Squad– Search, utilities assist Truck with opening up
• EMS Unit– set up aid station become part of rehab
• 2nd Truck – Ladders Ladders Ladders Side C
• Report to the floor above the fire– Open up, vent, search
• Rescue Squad– Search, utilities assist Truck with opening up
• EMS Unit– set up aid station become part of rehab
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Strategy and Tactics Strategy and Tactics
• Engine Company• Truck Company• Rescue Squad• EMS Unit
• Engine Company• Truck Company• Rescue Squad• EMS Unit
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Assume that the 911 call has been
delayed!!
Assume that the 911 call has been
delayed!!
4343
Avoid Unnecessary Radio TrafficAvoid Unnecessary Radio Traffic
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Engine CompanyEngine Company• Arrive on the scene
– ENSURE A WATER SUPPLY!!– Leave room for the truck
• Most ladders come off the rear of trucks• Pull past the address, or stop short if truck is coming from
opposite direction (you can stretch hose not ladders)– Initial command Mode
• Investigative • Attack
• Crew Placement– Aggressive
• Initial hose stretch – Leader line– Size of attack line should be based on the amount of fire– Protect the interior stairs
– Work with the Truck Company
• Arrive on the scene– ENSURE A WATER SUPPLY!!– Leave room for the truck
• Most ladders come off the rear of trucks• Pull past the address, or stop short if truck is coming from
opposite direction (you can stretch hose not ladders)– Initial command Mode
• Investigative • Attack
• Crew Placement– Aggressive
• Initial hose stretch – Leader line– Size of attack line should be based on the amount of fire– Protect the interior stairs
– Work with the Truck Company
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Engine Company cont.Engine Company cont.• Size up
– Where is the smoke coming from
• 1st floor and/or roof line
– Color of the smoke
– Smell of smoke (food vs. working fire)
– Circle check • Nothing from front what
about the rear?
– Rescues• Front and/or rear
• Size up– Where is the smoke
coming from• 1st floor and/or roof line
– Color of the smoke
– Smell of smoke (food vs. working fire)
– Circle check • Nothing from front what
about the rear?
– Rescues• Front and/or rear
4646
Engine Company Size Up cont.Engine Company Size Up cont.
• Where is the fire going
• Building construction– New or old
• Interior status report ASAP– What you have – Are you getting it– Do you need more
resources
• Where is the fire going
• Building construction– New or old
• Interior status report ASAP– What you have – Are you getting it– Do you need more
resources
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Engine Company cont.Engine Company cont.
• Hose line placement– 1st line– 2nd line– 3rd line– 4th line
• Lines 3 and 4 – consider another way
into the building (ladder into window)
– But avoid:
• Hose line placement– 1st line– 2nd line– 3rd line– 4th line
• Lines 3 and 4 – consider another way
into the building (ladder into window)
– But avoid:
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Engine Company cont.Engine Company cont.
• opposing hose lines
• fighting fire from an apartment into a hallway; may jeopardize the stairwell
• Drivers – Ensure the hose is smooth from the engine to
the entrance of the fire building– Monitor radio– Assist Truck driver with ladders
• opposing hose lines
• fighting fire from an apartment into a hallway; may jeopardize the stairwell
• Drivers – Ensure the hose is smooth from the engine to
the entrance of the fire building– Monitor radio– Assist Truck driver with ladders
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Truck CompanyTruck Company
• Placement on the fire ground– Type of apparatus
• TDA (tiller)• Rear mount Stick• Rear mount Tower• Mid-Ship Tower
• Placement on the fire ground– Type of apparatus
• TDA (tiller)• Rear mount Stick• Rear mount Tower• Mid-Ship Tower
5050
Truck Company cont.Truck Company cont.• Crew placement• Tasks
– Ground ladders– Forcible Entry– Search
• Vent enter search (VES) may be a consideration for heavy fire conditions
– Get walls and ceiling opened up• Ensure there is a charged hose line
– Check the Attic/cockloft– Overhaul
• Crew placement• Tasks
– Ground ladders– Forcible Entry– Search
• Vent enter search (VES) may be a consideration for heavy fire conditions
– Get walls and ceiling opened up• Ensure there is a charged hose line
– Check the Attic/cockloft– Overhaul
5151
Truck Company cont.Truck Company cont.• Aggressive work
– Quickly, but with purpose– Get the place open for the engine– Get the place open (ventilation) – Get ladders in position to effect rescues (VES if
applicable)– Make the building ready to enter
• Bring the proper tools (all the time)– Open walls and ceilings– Windows– Doors
• Aggressive work– Quickly, but with purpose– Get the place open for the engine– Get the place open (ventilation) – Get ladders in position to effect rescues (VES if
applicable)– Make the building ready to enter
• Bring the proper tools (all the time)– Open walls and ceilings– Windows– Doors
5252
Truck Company cont.Truck Company cont.
• Size Up– Same as Engine
Company– Give status report– Ladders
• Where – Cover all sides– Drivers work
together• What size
– Where is the fire/where is it going
• Size Up– Same as Engine
Company– Give status report– Ladders
• Where – Cover all sides– Drivers work
together• What size
– Where is the fire/where is it going
5353
Truck Company cont.Truck Company cont.
• Ventilation– Type needed
• Vertical or horizontal • Coordinated with
interior crews
• PPV vs. Natural• When to vent• Where to vent• Drivers monitor the
radio
• Ventilation– Type needed
• Vertical or horizontal • Coordinated with
interior crews
• PPV vs. Natural• When to vent• Where to vent• Drivers monitor the
radio
5454
Rescue SquadRescue Squad
• Unit placement– Does it need to be up front?
• Crew Placement– Tasks
• In a position to ensure all the searches are done• Sometimes the whole building• Utilities• Support Truck crew
– Ladders– Vent
• Unit placement– Does it need to be up front?
• Crew Placement– Tasks
• In a position to ensure all the searches are done• Sometimes the whole building• Utilities• Support Truck crew
– Ladders– Vent
5555
Rescue Squad cont.Rescue Squad cont.
• Size Up– Same as Engine and Truck
• Bring the proper tools (all the time)– Open walls and ceilings– Windows– Doors
• Size Up– Same as Engine and Truck
• Bring the proper tools (all the time)– Open walls and ceilings– Windows– Doors
5656
Rescue Squad cont.Rescue Squad cont.
• Rescue– Time of day– Size of building– Type of occupancy – Fire conditions
• Rescue– Time of day– Size of building– Type of occupancy – Fire conditions
5757
EMS UnitEMS Unit• Unit placement
– Well away from the front– Don’t block hydrants– Allow room to leave if you must
• Crew – Set up Aid Station – Be the 2 out if designated (must be certified)– Full PPE and SCBA– Assist with hose stretch– Assist with laddering– Assist with vent
• Unit placement– Well away from the front– Don’t block hydrants– Allow room to leave if you must
• Crew – Set up Aid Station – Be the 2 out if designated (must be certified)– Full PPE and SCBA– Assist with hose stretch– Assist with laddering– Assist with vent
5858
EMS Unit cont.EMS Unit cont.
• Size Up– Same as Engine– Report changing conditions– Report location of Aid Station– Become part of Rehab.
• Size Up– Same as Engine– Report changing conditions– Report location of Aid Station– Become part of Rehab.
5959
Command Considerations Command Considerations
• Establish Command– Ensure PSCC announces your command and
location
• Utilize Site maps or preplans– Get them from your stations in your Batt. In
advance
• Ensure all units are in correct position per SOP
• Call for RID
• Establish Command– Ensure PSCC announces your command and
location
• Utilize Site maps or preplans– Get them from your stations in your Batt. In
advance
• Ensure all units are in correct position per SOP
• Call for RID
6060
Command Considerations cont.Command Considerations cont.
• Decide on incident action plan– Offensive
• If decision is made to go offensive Allow crews to get in place and do the job
• Get updates ASAP
• Decide on incident action plan– Offensive
• If decision is made to go offensive Allow crews to get in place and do the job
• Get updates ASAP
6161
Command Considerations cont.Command Considerations cont.
– Offensive cont.• Ensure RIC is in place • Set up appropriate Group/Sectors• Set up appropriate Divisions
– Defensive• Ensure exposures are covered first• Establish collapse zones. • Limit exposure damage• Ensure all sides are covered • Set up appropriate Groups/Sectors
– Get up dates often
– Offensive cont.• Ensure RIC is in place • Set up appropriate Group/Sectors• Set up appropriate Divisions
– Defensive• Ensure exposures are covered first• Establish collapse zones. • Limit exposure damage• Ensure all sides are covered • Set up appropriate Groups/Sectors
– Get up dates often
6262
Command Considerations cont.Command Considerations cont.
• More manpower– Taskforce– Extra alarms
Establish appropriate Groups/Divisions– Get this done quickly– When referring to exposures use terminology set forth
in Policy 20-02/NIMS (Exposure Axxx)
• Maintain accountability– Use your Groups/Divisions
• This will reduce radio traffic
• More manpower– Taskforce– Extra alarms
Establish appropriate Groups/Divisions– Get this done quickly– When referring to exposures use terminology set forth
in Policy 20-02/NIMS (Exposure Axxx)
• Maintain accountability– Use your Groups/Divisions
• This will reduce radio traffic
6363
Command Considerations cont.Command Considerations cont.
• When giving orders ensure the receiving unit understands the order– Have them repeat your order back to you
• Ensure your Group/Division Supervisors know who is assigned to them.
• Ensure you get progressive reports continually • Ensure SOP’s are followed• Ensure there is minimum unnecessary radio
traffic– Use other talk groups or Nextel to get info from PSCC
• When giving orders ensure the receiving unit understands the order– Have them repeat your order back to you
• Ensure your Group/Division Supervisors know who is assigned to them.
• Ensure you get progressive reports continually • Ensure SOP’s are followed• Ensure there is minimum unnecessary radio
traffic– Use other talk groups or Nextel to get info from PSCC
6464
Command Considerations cont.Command Considerations cont.• As incident grows utilize other talk groups• Maintain a sense of duration in relation to fire volume
and type of construction• Older Construction
– Last longer than new– May sustain longer firefighting operations
• Line placement– 1st to the fire floor– 2nd back up 1st line– 3rd floor above (consider other entry than front door)– 4th to attic/cockloft (consider the 5th Engine)
• As incident grows utilize other talk groups• Maintain a sense of duration in relation to fire volume
and type of construction• Older Construction
– Last longer than new– May sustain longer firefighting operations
• Line placement– 1st to the fire floor– 2nd back up 1st line– 3rd floor above (consider other entry than front door)– 4th to attic/cockloft (consider the 5th Engine)
6565
Command Considerations cont.Command Considerations cont.• Ensure crews operate aggressive• Ensure all crews have/use proper tools
– Hand tools– PPE and SCBA– Engine crew
• Using correct size line(150 GPM or more)• Ensure to get interior up-date ASAP
– Truck crew • Open up • Vent• Ladders all over
• Ensure crews operate aggressive• Ensure all crews have/use proper tools
– Hand tools– PPE and SCBA– Engine crew
• Using correct size line(150 GPM or more)• Ensure to get interior up-date ASAP
– Truck crew • Open up • Vent• Ladders all over
6666
Command Considerations cont. Command Considerations cont.
– Rescue Squad• Utilities• Searches• Assist truck crews
– Rescue Squad• Utilities• Searches• Assist truck crews
6767
Engine Company Benchmarks
6868
Truck Company Benchmark
6969
Rescue Squad Benchmarks
7070
ReviewReview
Building Construction
Layout and Design
Box Assignment
Strategy and Tactics
Command Considerations
Building Construction
Layout and Design
Box Assignment
Strategy and Tactics
Command Considerations
7171
References UsedReferences Used1.Street Smart Firefighting by Robert C Bingham
2.Building Construction for the Fire Service 3rd Edition by Francis Brannigan
3.Fire Officers Hand Book of Tactics 2nd Edition by John Norman
4.Truck Company Operations by John Mittendorf
5.Montgomery County Safe Structural Firefighting Policy 24-07
6.Strategic and Tactical Considerations on the Fireground by James Smith
1.Street Smart Firefighting by Robert C Bingham
2.Building Construction for the Fire Service 3rd Edition by Francis Brannigan
3.Fire Officers Hand Book of Tactics 2nd Edition by John Norman
4.Truck Company Operations by John Mittendorf
5.Montgomery County Safe Structural Firefighting Policy 24-07
6.Strategic and Tactical Considerations on the Fireground by James Smith
7272
Photos Courtesy ofPhotos Courtesy of
1. The Firefighters Page
2. Firehouse Magazine
3. Kentland Vol. Fire Dept.
4. Laurel Vol. Fire Dept.
5. Capt. Derrick Anthony
6. Beltsville Vol. Fire Dept.
7. Station 15 B Shift
8. Shawn R. Fitzpatrick Station 15
1. The Firefighters Page
2. Firehouse Magazine
3. Kentland Vol. Fire Dept.
4. Laurel Vol. Fire Dept.
5. Capt. Derrick Anthony
6. Beltsville Vol. Fire Dept.
7. Station 15 B Shift
8. Shawn R. Fitzpatrick Station 15
7373
Questions/Comments Questions/Comments