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HVACR116 – Trade Skills

SymbolsSymbols

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ObjectivesObjectives

• After completing this unit, you will be able to identify and understand the meaning of the listed symbols:o Door and window symbolso Materials symbolso Electrical and mechanical symbolso Reference marks for coordinating drawingso Abbreviations

• After completing this unit, you will be able to identify and understand the meaning of the listed symbols:o Door and window symbolso Materials symbolso Electrical and mechanical symbolso Reference marks for coordinating drawingso Abbreviations

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IntroductionIntroduction

• Many construction features cannot be drawn exactly as they appearo Standard symbols show various materials, plumbing

fixtures and fittings, electrical devices, windows, doors, and other common objects Notes give additional explanations

• Many construction features cannot be drawn exactly as they appearo Standard symbols show various materials, plumbing

fixtures and fittings, electrical devices, windows, doors, and other common objects Notes give additional explanations

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Doors and Window SymbolsDoors and Window Symbols

• Symbols show type of door or window used and direction it opens

• Windows are named according to how they open

• Symbols show type of door or window used and direction it opens

• Windows are named according to how they open

Figure 5–1. Types of doors and their plan symbols.

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Figure 5–2. Window symbols.

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Doors and Window Symbols (cont’d.)Doors and Window Symbols (cont’d.)

• Size is usually shown in nominal dimension (i.e., approximate) on a special scheduleo Might also be indicated by

notes on plans near symbols

• Size is usually shown in nominal dimension (i.e., approximate) on a special scheduleo Might also be indicated by

notes on plans near symbols

Figure 5–3. Windows and doors can be measured in several ways.

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Material SymbolsMaterial Symbols

• Drawing outline may be filled in with a material symbol to show what the object is made of

• Drawing outline may be filled in with a material symbol to show what the object is made of

Figure 5–4. Material symbols.

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Material Symbols (cont’d.)Material Symbols (cont’d.)

Figure 5–5. Only part of the area is covered by the brick symbol, although the entire building will be brick.

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Electrical and Mechanical SymbolsElectrical and Mechanical Symbols

• Include wiring, electrical devices, piping, pipe fittings, plumbing fixtures, registers, heating and air conditioning ductso Wiring is indicated by lines to show connections

Outlets and switches are not shown in actual position Major fixtures and appliances are shown in actual position

• Include wiring, electrical devices, piping, pipe fittings, plumbing fixtures, registers, heating and air conditioning ductso Wiring is indicated by lines to show connections

Outlets and switches are not shown in actual position Major fixtures and appliances are shown in actual position

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Figure 5–6. Some common electrical symbols.

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Electrical and Mechanical SymbolsElectrical and Mechanical Symbols

• Mechanical systems (e.g., plumbing, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) are not shown in detail on drawings for single-family homeso Some important features may be shown

• Piping is shown by lineso Different types of lines represent different kinds of piping

• Mechanical systems (e.g., plumbing, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) are not shown in detail on drawings for single-family homeso Some important features may be shown

• Piping is shown by lineso Different types of lines represent different kinds of piping

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Figure 5–7. Some common plumbing symbols.

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Reference MarksReference Marks

• Indicate where details or sections of important features have been drawn

• Numbering systems:o Number sheets and name each of view

Sheet 1, site plano Number according to kind of drawing

Architectural drawing sheets are numbered A-1, A-2, etc.

• Indicate where details or sections of important features have been drawn

• Numbering systems:o Number sheets and name each of view

Sheet 1, site plano Number according to kind of drawing

Architectural drawing sheets are numbered A-1, A-2, etc.

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Reference Marks (cont’d.)Reference Marks (cont’d.)

Figure 5–8. This is drawing 5 on Sheet A-4. Figure 5–9. This section view is drawing 2

on Sheet 5.

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AbbreviationsAbbreviations

• Drawings for construction include many notes and labels of partso Abbreviated to avoid crowding

Example: BLDG stands for building

• Drawings for construction include many notes and labels of partso Abbreviated to avoid crowding

Example: BLDG stands for building