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Hypertension Overview

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Leading Risks For Death (World Health Organization 2002)

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CholesterolCholesterol

AlcoholAlcohol

HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION

Tobacco useTobacco use

OverweightOverweight

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What Is Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is the amount of force on the walls of the arteries as the blood circulates around the body.

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The upper number is when the heart beats

(Systolic Blood Pressure SBP) The lower number is when the heart

relaxes (Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP)

What Do The Numbers Mean?

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Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)

e.g. 124/82 mm Hg Systolic=124 mm Hg Diastolic= 82 mm Hg

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What is Hypertension ?

It is also called High Blood Pressure (HBP)

Hypertension is a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater

140

90

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Blood pressure category Blood pressure category

Optimal <120 and <80

Normal <130 and <85High normal 130–139 or 85–89

HypertensionStage 1 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 160–179 or 100–109 Stage 3 180 -209 or 110-119Stage 4 >209 or >119

Optimal <120 and <80

Normal <130 and <85High normal 130–139 or 85–89

HypertensionStage 1 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 160–179 or 100–109 Stage 3 180 -209 or 110-119Stage 4 >209 or >119

Blood pressure (mmHg)Blood pressure (mmHg)

Systolic

Systolic DiastolicDiastolic

Classification of Blood Pressure for Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults Adults

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What Causes HYPERTENSION ?

95% ‘not known’

•Genetics 40%

•Environment 60% (lifestyle)

5% underlying disease

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Your Lifestyle Can Raise Your Blood Pressure

Sedentary lifestyle Unhealthy diet

•Too little fresh fruit, fresh vegetables and low fat dairy

products

•Too much salt (sodium) and saturated fats Being overweight Excess alcohol Stress

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% withhypertension 18-34 35-64 65-74

men 10 30 55women 2 20 57

Hypertension in the population varies with age

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10

20

30

40

50

60

18-34 35-64 65-74

Age in years

% o

f p

eop

le w

ith

h

yper

ten

sio

n

men women

Hypertension Is More Common in Older People

Men -

Women -

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Unaware of their hypertension

Unaware of their hypertension

Not treated and not controlled

Not treated and not controlled

Treated and not controlled

Treated and not controlled

Treated and controlled

Treated and controlled

22% of Adults Have Hypertension

16%

42%

23%

19%

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Untreated Hypertension Can Cause:

Atherosclerosis Strokes Dementia Heart failure Kidney failure Poor circulation –

impotence, leg cramps when walking

Premature deathRe

Pressure related damage

Strokes Heart failure Kidney failure Confusion Premature death

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Why Do Some People Develop Heart Disease or Stroke, while Others Don’t?

There are several risks that cause heart attacks and strokes

The more risks and the higher the risks, the greater the chance of developing heart disease or stroke

More than 9 in 10 People with hypertension have other risks of developing heart disease and stroke

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Cardiovascular Risks

High blood pressure Smoking High cholesterol Diabetes or high blood sugar Low physical activity Stress Obesity Diet Excess alcohol consumption

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The Benefits of Treating Hypertension

Heart attack by 15%

Heart failure by 50%

Stroke by 38%

Death by 10%

a decrease of 10/5 mm Hg:

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How Low Should Your BP Be?

Most people:•Less than 140/90 mm Hg

when measured at the doctor’s office

•Less than 135/85 mm Hg when measured at home

Diabetes or kidney disease

•Less than 130/80 mm Hg when measured at the doctor’s office

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8 Ways to Help Control Hypertension

1. Eat a healthy diet2. Active for at least 45 minutes 4-5 times a week3. Control your weight4. Limit daily alcohol to 2 drinks or less5. Cut back on salt and processed food6. Don’t smoke7. Check your BP at home8. Take time to relax

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Drugs for Hypertension

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Classes of Drugs DiureticsBeta-BlockersACE inhibitorsCalcium channel blockersAngiotensin receptor blockers

(ARB’s)Alpha blockersMiscellaneous

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If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed

BP may not be controlled Doctor may prescribe another drug or

increase dosage since they might think the first one didn’t work

Side effects may be more troublesome An adverse reaction or event may result

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If Medication Is Not Taken As Directed

Too much medicine(Side effects)

Therapeutic zone

Too little medicine

Time

Dru

g C

on

cen

trati

on

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Self measurement of BP

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Summary

Hypertension is a common cause of disability and death

Hypertension can be prevented and treated by changes in lifestyle

Problems caused by hypertension may be helped by drug therapy

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Hypertension questions

1. A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90 (140/90 mmHg) is generally considered too

high.

TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

2. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is too high by the way you feel.

TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

3. Having one elevated blood pressure reading means than you have high blood pressure.

TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

4. High blood pressure (sometimes called hypertension) is a major risk factor for heart

disease.

TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

5. The following lifestyle factors can help to treat and control high blood pressure:

· Weight control or having a healthy weight · Regular exercise · Eating a healthy diet

· Restricting alcohol intake

TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

6. Smoking can cause high blood pressure.

TRUE FALSE  

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Hypertension questions

7. Generally, people who do not have high blood pressure should have their blood pressure

checked every 3 to 4 years.

TRUE FALSE

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Hypertension questions

9. If you are being treated for high blood pressure you will need to stay on treatment the rest of your life.

TRUE FALSE