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Introduction to Innovative Design

Thinking

CDIMING

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Lecture 3

1. Questions and Answers

2. Linguistic Analysis

3. Mind Map

4. Concept Map

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We can arouse creativity by making use the power of words in two ways:

1. Analyzation and

2. Free association.

Power of Words

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Linguistic Analysis

Linguistic analysis is a contemporary philosophy introduced by Wittgenstein.

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Ancient Philosophy:What is X?Contemporary Philosophy:Is X within the criteria of Hunan’s knowledge?

Linguistic Analysis

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Analytical Philosophy:

Under the proposition, what does the “X” means?

Linguistic Analysis

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Definition:

To elucidate the meaning of the keywords of a proposition, clearly state the argument and the criteria, which enable us to analysis the proposition.

Linguistic Analysis

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Traps in languages:

1. Meaning incomplete 歧義2. Ambiguous expression 闕義3. Vague 含混

Linguistic Analysis

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Traps in languages:

4. Coloured expression 色5. Reification 實化6. Idiosyncratic sense 闢義

Linguistic Analysis

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Linguistic Analysis

1. Meaning incomplete 歧義 :

Sentence with correct grammatical structure but with incomplete or unknown statement.

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Linguistic Analysis

1.Meaning incomplete:Eg. Democracy is the best political system.Another example:I am sorry about the plane crash.

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Linguistic Analysis

2. Ambiguous expression 闕義 :

When words have more than two or more meanings, it will cause mal-interpretation and is known as ambiguous expression.

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Linguistic Analysis

2. Ambiguous expression:

Eg. 士可殺不可辱Wow --- 士 , 可殺 ! 不 ? 可辱 !

Another examples:

You are killing me.

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Linguistic Analysis

3. Vague 含混 :

When a word apply without a definite and precise criteria, the meaning of the word is hard to understand.

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Linguistic Analysis

3. Vague:Eg. You are beautiful.Another example:By building 85,000 new apartment annually, we can stabilize the property market and provide enough housing for citizens.

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Linguistic Analysis

4. Coloured expression:

The words used to substitutes the “unmentionables” wordings according to ethical, moral or social constraints, which are mostly emotional allegory.

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Linguistic Analysis

4. Coloured expression:Eg: I am creative. You are caprice. He is crazy. They are insane.

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Linguistic Analysis

5. Reification 實化 :

To imply a non-figurative definition into a figurative definition within a proposition is known as Reification.

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Linguistic Analysis

5. Reification:Eg. Knowledge is a key to success.Another example:We can achieve creativity through design education.

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Linguistic Analysis

6. Idiosyncratic sense 闢義 :It means the word has been used in situation detached from its original meaning. Sometimes, the statement is true, but useless and hard to understand.

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Linguistic Analysis

6. Idiosyncratic sense:

Eg. Buddhist – All is one, and one is all.

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Linguistic Analysis

Linguistic analysis relies very much on Logical Empiricism. There are two methods helping us to distinguish words traps:

1.Analytical-synthetic distinction.

2.Meaning distinction.

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Linguistic Analysis

Analytical distinction count on the peeling off the meaning of a word by looking into the definition. It depends on the knowledge base of the reader, and, a good dictionary.

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Meaning distinction have three areas:

1.Cognitive meaning.

2.Non-cognitive meaning.

3.Cognitive meaningless.

Linguistic Analysis

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Do you really know the meaning of a word?Danger?Power?Look up the meaning of the words in a dictionary.

Linguistic Analysis

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Do not stop until you can trace back to the original word. It will happens to be a circle game.

Linguistic Analysis

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Demonstration:

Any word you would like me to try?

Linguistic Analysis

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Mind Mapping is a thinking method introduced by Tony Buzan.

Mind Mapping

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Mind mapping is a new note-taking technique. This technique could be used in a number of situations.

Mind Mapping

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• For planning• For problem solving• Making summaries• Formulating structure• Brain storming and idea generating• Note taking

Mind Mapping

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Keywords:The parts of speech all play their specific roles in language. Keywords are words you pick out of a text and store in your memory. They help you to recall the text when you need it

Mind Mapping

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Mind MappingA mind map for an apple.

Vitamins

Sweet

PieAutumn

Eve

ExportRed

Tree

Green

Good

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Mind Mapping

Sweet

PieAutumn

Eve

Export

RedTree

Green

GoodAway doctor

Vitamins

Healthy

The Beatles

Pesticides

Garden

New YorkImport

Food

Computer

Wine

Symbol

Juice

Newton’s Law

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Mind mapping technique can helps you to develop memory and learning skills. It equip you unique pictures or words to stimulate your imagination and creative thinking.

Mind Mapping

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The principle is:

First abundance – then a choice.

Mind Mapping

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Creativity is really the same thing. By using many possibilities you can later make a choice of the most suitable in order to solve a certain problem or create a new idea.

Mind Mapping

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Mind Mapping

ANALTICAL THINKING- exclusion of alternative solutions

FEW

SOLUTIONS

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Mind Mapping

CREATIVE THINKING-creating many ideas

A LARGE NUMBER OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS

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CREATIVE PHASE –

everything is written down

STARTING POINT

MANY

IDEAS

CRITERIA TESTS EVALUATION

THE BEST SOLUTIONS

Mind Mapping

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Demonstration:

Make a mind map for ……

Mind Mapping

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Activity:

Make a mind map for ……

Mind Mapping

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A computer software for presenting mind map.

Mind Mapping

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Mind mapping is very useful in deciphering an idea, diversify and expand it to increase the capabilities in creating new meanings, or to “represent” the idea at different levels.

Concept Map

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However, mind mapping is sometimes chaotic and loosely organized, which is difficult to build up a hierarchical structure for the idea.

Concept Map

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Concept map is a thinking method helping one to build up his/her concept created by the mind map, and construct a map of structured possibilities.

Concept Map

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The principle:

The map must start from keyword at the conceptual level. It can be a self-sustained argument, or the finding from a mind map.

Concept Map

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Points to note when making a concept map:

1. The concept must be clearly stated.

2. Show all the possibilities in the concept.

Concept Map

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3. Illustrate the flow of ideas/concept and the inter-relationship.

4. Identify all the optional and conditional phases.

5. No irrational dead ends.

Concept Map

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6. Allows intersection with another concept map.

7. Can be revised at any design stage.

8. It will not end before it reaches a proposed solution.

Concept Map

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Demonstration:

Any concept????

Concept Map

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Activity:

Make a concept map for…..

Concept Map

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Concept map technique is very useful in design education especially for youngsters aged around 12 – 13. Here are two examples in the implementation of concept map in F.2 D&T projects in my school.

Concept Map

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Assignment:

Design a project for F.2 students in your school for the implementation of the concept map thinking method.

Concept Map

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Lecture 4

1. Concept of Fuzzy Logic

2. Lateral Thinking

3. Six Thinking Hats

4. Problem Identification

Next Week

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References

Mind Mapping & Memory, Ingemar Svantesson

Wittgenstein, 1953, Philosophical Investigations, Blackwell.

Tien-ming Lee, 1981, Logico-Linguistic Analysis – Methods of Thinking (1)

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Thank You

Ming