Post on 20-Dec-2015
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Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology
Musculoskeletal SystemMusculoskeletal SystemChapter 11Chapter 11
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FunctionsFunctions
support and protect internal organssupport and protect internal organs– bonesbones
body movementsbody movements– joints and musclesjoints and muscles
blood forming function (hematopoiesis)blood forming function (hematopoiesis)– bone marrowbone marrow
mineral storagemineral storage
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Long BonesLong Bones diaphysis, epiphysisdiaphysis, epiphysis compact bone, medullary cavitycompact bone, medullary cavity spongy bone, erythropoiesis and spongy bone, erythropoiesis and
leukopoiesisleukopoiesis periosteum, osteoblastsperiosteum, osteoblasts
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Other BonesOther Bones
Short - cancellous boneShort - cancellous bone Irregular Irregular FlatFlat
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Skeleton Skeleton 206 bones206 bones
Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton– 80 bones80 bones
skull, spinal column, ribs, skull, spinal column, ribs, sternumsternum
protects major organs protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, of nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systemsand circulatory systems
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SkeletonSkeleton AppendicularAppendicular
126 bones126 bones upper extremities and upper extremities and
shoulder girdleshoulder girdle protects organs of protects organs of
digestion, excretion, digestion, excretion, reproductionreproduction
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Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column vertebrae - 26vertebrae - 26 cervical - 7cervical - 7 thoracic - 12thoracic - 12 lumbar - 5lumbar - 5 sacrum - 1sacrum - 1 coccyx - 1coccyx - 1 intervertebral disksintervertebral disks
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Ribs and SternumRibs and Sternum
12 pairs of ribs, 12 pairs of ribs, costals (cost/o)costals (cost/o)
sternumsternum , breast bone, breast bone xiphoid processxiphoid process thoracic cavitythoracic cavity
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ShouldersShoulders
pectoral or shoulder girdlepectoral or shoulder girdle clavicle or collarboneclavicle or collarbone scapulascapula
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HumerusHumerus RadiusRadius UlnaUlna
ArmsArmsRadiusRadiusUlnaUlna
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carpalscarpals metacarpalsmetacarpals phalangesphalanges
CarpalsCarpals
MetacarpalsMetacarpals
PhalangesPhalanges
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Pelvic (Hip) GirdlePelvic (Hip) Girdle
ilium - upper, blade shaped ilium - upper, blade shaped ischium - lower and posteriorischium - lower and posterior acetabulum - hip socketacetabulum - hip socket symphysis pubis - anterior portionsymphysis pubis - anterior portion sacrumsacrum coccyxcoccyx
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Joints (articulations)Joints (articulations)
Diarthroses, amphiarthroses, Diarthroses, amphiarthroses, synarthrosessynarthroses
ligaments ligaments bones to bonesbones to bones tendonstendons muscles to bonesmuscles to bones synovial membrane and fluidsynovial membrane and fluid
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Functions of MusclesFunctions of Muscles
hold the body erecthold the body erect make movements possiblemake movements possible move food, fluids and other body move food, fluids and other body
structures through ductsstructures through ducts– propulsion of bloodpropulsion of blood– contraction of bladdercontraction of bladder
muscle movement produces about 85% muscle movement produces about 85% of heat generationof heat generation
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AttachmentsAttachments
fleshy attachmentsfleshy attachments– muscle fibers arise from bonemuscle fibers arise from bone
fibrous attachmentsfibrous attachments– connective tissue (epimysium, perimysium, connective tissue (epimysium, perimysium,
endomysium)endomysium)to form a tendonto form a tendon
– aponeurosis - large area of fibrous aponeurosis - large area of fibrous attachmentattachment
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Types of MusclesTypes of Muscles
Three types of muscle tissue - described Three types of muscle tissue - described according to their function.according to their function.
striated, voluntarystriated, voluntary smooth, unstriated, involuntary, visceralsmooth, unstriated, involuntary, visceral cardiac, involuntarycardiac, involuntary
– Striated in appearance, smooth in action
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Pathology - BonesPathology - Bones osteomyelitisosteomyelitis
– bone infectionbone infection– hematoma, ankylosis, necrosishematoma, ankylosis, necrosis
Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)– chronic inflammation of boneschronic inflammation of bones
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FracturesFractures
closed or simpleclosed or simple open or compoundopen or compound complicatedcomplicated comminutedcomminuted impactedimpacted incompleteincomplete greenstickgreenstick
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OsteoporosisOsteoporosis
Decrease on bone Decrease on bone densitydensity– bone pain, bone pain,
commonly in the commonly in the backback
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Spinal DisordersSpinal Disorders scoliosisscoliosis kyphosiskyphosis lordosislordosis spina bifidaspina bifida
– spina bifida occultaspina bifida occulta– spina bifida cysticaspina bifida cystica
spondylitisspondylitis
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JointsJoints
arthritisarthritis– rheumatoidrheumatoid– osteoarthritis osteoarthritis
(degenerative joint (degenerative joint disease)disease)
– gouty arthritisgouty arthritis
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MusclesMuscles
Myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis
–acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) Muscular dystrophyMuscular dystrophy
– genetic, atrophygenetic, atrophy
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OncologyOncology
OsteomasOsteomas sarcomasarcoma
– fibrosarcomafibrosarcoma– lymphosarcomalymphosarcoma– chondrosarcomachondrosarcoma– Ewing’s sarcomaEwing’s sarcoma
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End of LessonEnd of Lesson