1

“Now That You Have It, What Are You Going To Do With It?”

Wayne D. Cornelius, Ph.D. Physics, TAMU Class of 1979

Science Applications International Corporationwayne.d.cornelius@saic.com

&Scientific Solutions

wcornelius@ssolutions.cc

2

• Ph.D., Nuclear Physics, TAMU, 1979– Summer Research Internship, Los Alamos (1973-1976).– TAMU Cyclotron (1975-1979)

• Postdoctoral Fellowship, LANL, Medium Energy Nuclear Physics (1979-1982)

• Staff member, LANL, accelerator technology (1982-1989)

• Senior Scientist, Science Applications International Corporation (1989- )

• Founder and CEO, Scientific Solutions (1994- )• Senior Scientist, MagneVu (1994-2007)• Mentor to graduate students in physics.• Member of APS, AVS, IEEE

My Background

3

How does one work with and within industry?

What will you do with it?

4

• Opportunities abound if you know how to “sell” yourself and your skills.

• Who are the possible companies? The potential customers? The competition?

• Learn to recognize opportunities

• Determine the “value proposition” and the “business opportunity”. Why would someone want to fund you and your ideas?

What is the value of the proposed product, service, etc.?

What is the business of the proposed product, service, etc.?

How do you get started?

5

• Network: Each person you meet knows at least two other people you should speak with. How quickly does this approach build up your network of contacts? Do the math.

• Do your homework (read the journals)

• Learn to use the tools of the trade

• Don’t learn the formulas, learn the techniques. If you know the techniques you can derive formulas whenever needed. You can usually look up the formulas you need.

How do you get started?

6

Example 1: Polarized ion source

Business Problem: Available polarized current very low compared with un-polarized sources. Applications are in nuclear physics research and surface interaction physics.

Are there newer technologies that can be applied to improve the performance?

Polarized ion source

7

Enabling technologies:

High power dye lasers (later titanium sapphire and tuneable diode lasers)

Electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source

Polarized ion source

8

Polarized ion source

Optical Pumping Tests

9

Polarized ion source

• Demonstrated high polarization in optically pumped sodium vapor, but failed to provide a compelling case for what needed to happen next.

• Transferred technology to laboratories in Japan and Canada. Only after those sources operated successfully was funding made available for continuing the project at LANL.

10

FMIT Accelerator

Example 2: High Power Proton Beam Diagnostic Instrumentation

Business Problem: The cw beam of the 2 MeV Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) accelerator would operate for only a few seconds before melting a beam tube or o-ring. How can we measure the properties of the beam during this short interval?

11

FMIT Accelerator

2 MeV, 100 mA, cw H2+ beam (200 kW)

12

FMIT Accelerator

Beam Melt Contours:

13

FMIT Accelerator

Tomographic Beam Emittance Reconstruction:

14

FMIT Accelerator

Beam emittances different from predictions:

15

FMIT Accelerator

This technique was used to demonstrate the power of a particle beam for the Strategic Defense Initiative. High-speed cameras captured the melting of a stack of 19 sheets of stainless steel (equivalent to 0.5” thick). The penetration rate could be calculated from the time required for the beam to penetrate one sheet and begin to melt the next.

The value proposition was showing what an ion beam could do and convinced funding agencies that there was merit in supporting this research.

16

Circular Polarizer

Example 3: Circular Polarizer Assembly

Business Problem: The electrons in an electron-cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source rotate in a particular direction with respect to the magnetic field lines. Circularly polarized rf waves should be twice as efficient in driving the resonance. Previous tests with kludged equipment were inconclusive.

17

Circular Polarizer

Approach: Designed a circular polarizer with cylindrical dielectric-loaded waveguide to test using the Los Alamos 100 mA cw 2.45 GHz ECR proton ion source.

Result? Efficiency improved by the expected factor, but the smaller waveguide penetration was less efficient in coupling rf energy into the plasma.

18

Circular Polarizer

Circular Polarizer Assembly

19

MiniECR Source

Example 4: MiniECR Ion Source

Business Problem: The circular polarizer concept pointed the way to miniaturizing an ECR source for industrial applications (ion implantation, space propulsion, materials modification, etc.)

20

MiniECR Source

MiniECR Source

US Patent 6,812,647

21

Cargo Intrusion Detector

Example 5: Intrusion Detector for Cargo Containers

Business Problem: Develop techniques for ensuring the security of cargo containers used in international shipping.

22

Cargo Intrusion Detector

Thinking outside the box: • Treat a cargo container as a six-sided rectangular box.

• The radiofrequency resonances of a “loaded” box are unique to each container and its cargo, therefore, measuring the resonance spectrum provides a means of uniquely characterizing each loaded container.

23

Cargo Intrusion Detector

produces an RF Spectral Response(rf signature)

RF energy radiated into metal container

101

102

103

104

105

400 600

Autoshutdown DisabledEnabled: Record 1019Enabled: Record 1021

Frequency(MHz)

RF

R

Loaded 2TEU Container TestsRID04: 5 sec interval/4 averages/Autoshutdown Enabled

3-MAY-04

Current systems look forchanges in rf signature

RF Spectrum

rf modes

RID mounted inside container

24

Cargo Intrusion Detector

Resonant Intrusion Detector (RID)

US Patent 7,095,326

25

Cargo Intrusion Detector

The US State Department is currently testing 30 container security devices (CSDs) and 30 advanced container security devices (ACSDs) to see how well they perform in domestic and international shipping.

26

Low Energy Proton Storage Ring

Example 6: Low Energy Proton Storage Ring

Business Problem: Develop techniques for detecting explosives and other contraband in shipping containers.

27

Low Energy Proton Storage Ring

Nearly all explosive compounds contain significant amounts of nitrogen.

Nitrogen can be detected using resonant absorption of a 9.17 MeV gamma ray. The resonant gamma rays are produced via the 13C(p,)14N resonance at 1.75 MeV proton energy.

These high energy gamma rays are also useful in producing radiographs (x-ray images) of container contents.

28

Low Energy Proton Storage Ring

Thinking outside the box:

Instead of dumping the proton beam, bring it back around and hit the target again.

Protons that don’t interact with 13C atoms are recirculated and reaccelerated to interact the target again.

Compact Electron-cooled Storage Ring (CESR)

29

Low Energy Proton Storage Ring

4-cooler CESR configuration.

US Patent 5,854,531

Circumference = 6.675 meters

30

Low Energy Proton Storage Ring

Challenges:• Design high-current, low-energy electron beam.• Design “stable” storage ring particle dynamics.• Minimize power requirements for mobile operation.• Minimize cost and maximize reliability.

31

Broadband rf Source

Example 8: Broadband RF source for ECR sources

Business Problem: Develop and test a broadband rf source for ECR ion sources. Potentially impacts operation of existing ECR sources being used worldwide.

32

Broadband rf Source

Which is more efficient:

1. Higher spectral power density, narrow bandwidth leading to a very narrow ECR zone.

or

2. Lower spectral power density, wider bandwidth leading to larger volume of ECR zone?

33

Broadband rf Source

• Modified one of the rf intrusion detectors (RIDs) to act as a software defined radio transmitter.

• The rf spectrum can be modified by the user via Ethernet.

34

Broadband rf Source

Photo of prototype programmable frequency source

35

Broadband rf Source

Mode spectra for the phase-hopping algorithm with Rpt len = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. The blue curve is a linear plot (left-hand axis) and the red curve is a semi-log plot (right-hand axis).

0

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.16

0.20

-20 -10 0 10 20-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Rpt len = 1

Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz(MHz)

RF

Pow

er(W

atts

)

dBm

Initial Testing of Modified RID AlgorithmTBLlen = 8, TSrpt = 0

11-FEB-06

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

-20 -10 0 10 20-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Rpt len = 2

Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz(MHz)

RF

Pow

er(W

atts

)

dBm

Initial Testing of Modified RID AlgorithmTBLlen = 2, TSrpt = 0

11-FEB-06

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

-20 -10 0 10 20-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Rpt len = 4

Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz(MHz)

RF

Pow

er(m

W)

dBm

Initial Testing of Modified RID AlgorithmTBLlen = 4, TSrpt = 0

11-FEB-06

0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-20 -10 0 10 20-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Rpt len = 8

Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz(MHz)

RF

Po

we

r(W

att

s)

dB

m

Initial Testing of Modified RID AlgorithmTBLlen = 8, TSrpt = 0

11-FEB-06

0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-20 -10 0 10 20-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Rpt len = 16

Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz(MHz)

RF

Po

we

r(m

W)

dB

m

Initial Testing of Modified RID AlgorithmTBLlen = 16, TSrpt = 0

11-FEB-06

0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

-20 -10 0 10 20-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Rpt len = 32

Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz(MHz)

RF

Po

we

r(W

att

s)

dB

m

Initial Testing of Modified RID AlgorithmTBLlen = 32, TSrpt = 0

11-FEB-06

0

0.0025

0.0050

0.0075

0.0100

-20 -10 0 10 20-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0Rpt len = 64

Frequency Offset from 6500 MHz(MHz)

RF

Po

wer

(Wa

tts)

dB

m

Initial Testing of Modified RID AlgorithmTBLlen = 64, TSrpt = 0

11-FEB-06

36

Broadband rf Source

Results encouraging, but inconclusive.

More testing is needed.

37

Charge-Breeder Ion Source

Example 7: Charge-Breeder Ion Source

Business Problem: Develop and fabricate ECR charge-breeder ion source for TAMU. Funded by Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant by the US Department of Energy

38

Charge-Breeder Ion Source

Developed diagnostic

instrumentation.

39

Charge-Breeder Ion Source

Halbach array hexapole magnet.

40

Charge-Breeder Ion Source

Assembled solenoid magnets

41

Charge-Breeder Ion Source

Overhead view of charge-breeder before shipping to TAMU.

42

Charge-Breeder Ion Source

Current Status:

• Charge-Breeder Ion Source delivered to TAMU Cyclotron late in 2007.

• Is currently being readied for initial operation.

43

What will you do with it?

How will you succeed?

44

What will you do with it?

• Keep your eyes and mind open

• Do your homework (read the journals)

45

What will you do with it?

Learn to use the tools of the trade (many are available for free from www.laacg1.lanl.gov )

• SuperFish: radiofrequency field solver

• Poisson: electromagnetic and electrostatic field solver

• Pandira: permanent magnet field solver

• Trace3D: ion beam transport solver (visual, interactive)

• Parmila: ion beam transport (particle tracking)

46

What will you do with it?

• Opportunities abound if you know how to “sell” yourself and your skills.

• Who are the possible companies? Potential customers? Learn to recognize opportunities.

• Determine the “value proposition” and the “business opportunity” in the science. Why would someone want to fund you and your ideas?

What is the value of the proposed product, service, etc.?

What is the business of the proposed product, service, etc.?

47

What will you do with it?

Once you understand the value of what you want

to do and can make a clear case for how a

business could be structured around that value,

getting your research project funded will not be

a problem.