Post on 20-Jan-2016
transcript
1- Order Thysanura
Species:
North America – 50
World – 700
Families:
North America - 4
Thysanura: refers to bristletails.
(thysan, bristle or fringe; ura, tail)
Thysanura
Bristletails are small to moderate sized.Wingless insects with 3 slender tail like appendages & long slim antennae.Body is gray, brown, or white & usually covered with scales.They have chewing mouth partsNymphs undergo an ametabolous type of development.
2- Order Collembola
Species:
North America – 650
World – 3,600
Families:
North America - 7
Collembola: refers to collophore.
(coll, glue; embola, wedge or peg)
Collembola
Collembola are small (less than 6mm)WinglessHave an unique ventral tube on the 1st. abdominal segment & often a forked, springing organ (furcula) on the 4th. Abdominal segment.They have chewing mouthparts.Have an ametabolous type of development.
3- Order Ephemeroptera
Species:
North America – 622
World – 2,200
Families:
North America - 18
Ephemeroptera:
(ephemero, short lived, for a day; ptera, wings)
EphemeropteraWinged insects with 2 to 3 long, thread like filaments projecting from the tip of the abdomen.Range from 2-32mm in length.Most have 4 membranous wings.The hind wings are much smaller or absent.Wings are held together upright over the body.A Hemimetabolous type of development. (incomplete metamorphosis)
4- Order Odonata
Species:
North America – 413
World – 5,000
Families:
North America - 11
Odonata: refers to the toothed mandibles
(odon, tooth)
Odonata
Adults are moderate to large predaceous insects.
Big compound eyes, 4 abundantly veined wings, and long slender bodies.
A Hemimetabolous type of development. (incomplete metamorphosis)
The order Odonata is divided into 2 suborders (Anisoptera “dragonflies” and Zygoptera “damselflies”)
5- Order Orthoptera
Species:
North America – 1,200
World – 15,000+
Families:
North America - 10
Orthoptera: Refers to straight wings.
(ortho, straight; ptera, wings)
Orthoptera
Most are medium to large.
Enlarged hind legs adapted to jumping.
Front wings thickened & usually narrow.
Hind wings are membranous and broad.
Chewing mouth parts.
6- Order Isoptera
Species:
North America – 39
World – 2,200
Families:
North America - 4
Isoptera: refers to equal wings.
(iso, equal; ptera,wings)
This order is the termites.
Isoptera
Small to medium.
Feed on wood or other dead plant material.
Chewing mouthparts.
Live in colonies consisting of 3 common social castes (reproductive, worker, & soldier)
7- Order Plecoptera
Species:
North America – 470
World – 1,750
Families:
North America - 9
Plecoptera: refers to the folded posterior region of the resting hind wing.
(pleco, twisted or braided; ptera, winged)
PlecopteraStoneflies are small to medium (4-60mm).
Have 4 membranous wings that at rest are held flat over the abdomen.
Front wings are narrower than hind wings.
The expanded anal lobes of the hind wings are often folded fanlike at rest.
Long antennae are slender & many segments.
Chewing mouthparts.
Hemimetabolous type of development.
8- Order Dermaptera
Species:
North America – 18
World – 1,100+
Families:
North America - 6
Dermaptera:Refers to skin wings
(derms, skin; ptera, wings)
This order is earwigs
DermapteraSmall to medium 4-26mm.Elongated insects with a pair of forcepts like appendages, the cerci, at the tip of the abdomen.Sclerotized front wings are very short, veinless, & meet in a straight line down the back.Rounded hind wings folded beneath the front .Chewing mouthparts.
9- Order Thysanoptera
Species:
North America – 600
World – 5,000
Families:
North America - 5
Thysanoptera: refers to fringed wings.
(thysano, fringe; ptera, wings)
This order is the thrips.
Thysanoptera
Minute .5-5mm long.
Elongated insects that may be wingless or have 4 narrow wings fringed with long hair.
Antennae are short.
Mouthpart form a short, conical proboscis used for sucking liquids.
1 or 2 segmented tarsi.
10- Order Hemiptera
Species:
North America – 11,500
World – 56,000
Families:
North America - 75
Hemiptera: refers to half wings.
(hemi, half; ptera, wings)
Hemiptera
This order is divided into 2 suborders, sub order Herteroptera (true bugs) and suborder Homoptera (cicadas, aphids, scale insects, and ect..)Piercing-sucking mouthparts.Usually 4 wings.Size ranges from 1-over 100mm.May be soft or hard bodied.Winged or wingless.
11- Order Homoptera
Species:
North America –
World –
Families:
North America -
Neuroptera; neuro, nerve; ptera, wings
Homoptera
Antennae very short and bristlelike; tarsi 3-segmented
Antennae usually long and filiform; tarsi 1 or 2 segmented.
Antennae arising from front of head between eyes or in front of eyes.
12- Order Neuroptera
Species:
North America – 338
World – 4600
Families:
North America - 15
Neuroptera; neuro, nerve; ptera, wings.
Dobsonflies, Alderflies, Snakeflies, Lacewings, Antlions, Matispids, and Others.
Neuroptera
Weak-flying insects with four similar, membranous, large wings containing many longitudinal veins and crossveins.
Adults and larvae have chewing mouthparts and feed on other insects, insect and spider eggs, and mites.
13- Order Coleoptera
Species:
North America – 28,000
World – 300,000+
Families:
North America - 113
Coleoptera: refers to sheath wings.
(coleo, sheath; ptera, wings)
This order is the Beetles.
Coleoptera
The largest order of insects.Thickened front wings that are leathery and soft or hard and brittle.Sizes are from 1-200mm.Elytra usually meet in a straight line along the middle of the back cover most of the longer, folded, membranous hind wings.Chewing mouthparts.
14- Order Trichoptera
Species:
North America – 1,200
World – 10,000
Families:
North America - 18
Trichoptera: Tricho, hair; ptera, wings.
Trichoptera
Adults ingest liquid food such as nectar and live one to two months. The complete life cycle requires about one year. Adults of most species are inactive during the day.Females deposit many hundreds of eggs in gelatinous strings or masses.
15- Order Lepidoptera
Species:
North America –
World –
Families:
North America -
Lepidoptera: lepido, scale; ptera, wings.
Lepidoptera
Adult Lepidoptera are small to large insects with minute, often powdery-like scales that cover the wings and body of most species.
The compound eyes are large and the antennae are long.
The proboscis is extended to suck up liquid food and coiled when not in use.
16- Order Diptera
Species:
North America – 1,800
World – 90,000
Families:
North America - 106
Diptera
Flies are characterized by a single pair of membranous wings attached to an enlarged mesothorax.
Flies range in size from less than 1 mm in length, to 75 mm.
The compound eyes are often large.
Food consists chiefly of nectar.
17- Order Siphonaptera
Species:
North America – 275
World – 2,100
Families:
North America - 7
Siphonaptera: siphon, tube; aptera, wingless
Siphonaptera
Adult fleas are bloodsucking ectoparasites of mammals and to a lesser extent, birds.
Adults range in length from 1-10 mm although most are less than 5 mm.
Wings are absent and the body is laterally compressed giving a distinct flattened appearance.
The antennae are short, 3-segmented structures which usually fit into grooves on the head.
18- Order Hymenoptera
Species:
North America – 17,100
World – 110,000
Families:
North America - 74
Hymenoptera: hymeno, membrane; ptera, wings
Hymenoptera
Range from some of the smallest known insects to large specimens 75 mm or more in length.
Most species have four membranous wings are smaller than the front wings and are attached to the front wings by a row of tiny hooks on the anterior margin.
Mouthparts are used for chewing, or for both chewing and sucking.
19- Order Mecoptera
Species:
North America – 67
World – 451
Families:
North America - 5
Mecoptera: meco, long; ptera, wings
Mecoptera
Scorpionflies are small to medium sized, slender insects that typically have a distinctly elongated face.
The face projects downward and terminates with chewing mouthparts.
Adults feed primarily on dead insects.
20- Order Anoplura
Species:
North America – 70
World – 490
Families:
North America - 5
Anoplura: anopl, unarmed; ura, tail
Anoplura
They are small, wingless, blood-feeding insects that are external parasites of mammals.
The body is flat and the head is narrower than the prothorax.
21- Order Mallophaga
Species:
North America – 700
World – 2,900
Families:
North America - 8
Mallophaga:Refers too wool eat.
(mallo, wool; phaga, eat)
Mallophaga
Small .5 – 11mm.
Flat bodied.
Wingless.
External parasites.
Mouthparts modified for chewing.
Order Diplura
Species:
North America – 75
World – 500
Families:
North America - 3
Diplura refers to two tails
(dipl, two; ura, tail)
Diplura
Diplurans are small (usually less than 7mm)
Pale insects that possess two caudal filaments and 1 segmented tarsi
No wings, compound eyes, or scales
Mouthparts are a chewing type
Order Phasmida
Species:
North America – 27
World – 2,025
Families:
North America - 1
Phasmida: refers to apparition, phantom
Phasmida
Large 12-178mm.
Wingless in the U.S.
Antennae are long and slender.
Prothorax is short.
Mesothorax & metathorax are very enlongated.
Legs are long and slender.
Order Dictyoptera
Species:
North America – 80
World – 5,500
Families:
North America - 6
Dictyoptera: refers to net wings.
(dicty, net; ptera, wings)
DictyopteraMedium to largeEnlarged pronotum, legs modified for running.5 tarsi segments.Front wings are thickened & the large hind wings are membranous and folded.Chewing mouthparts.Nymphs have a hemimetabolous type of development.
Order Grylloblattodea
Species:
North America – 11
World – 17
Families:
North America - 1
Grylloblattodea:
(gryll, cricket; blatta, cockroach)
Grylloblattodea
Adults are wingless.
15-30mm long.
Antennae are moderately long.
Legs have 5 segmented tarsi.
American species have long cerci with 9 segments.
The ovipositor is sword shaped.
Order Embioptera
Species:
North America – 11
World – 200
Families:
North America - 3
Embioptera: refers to lively wings.
(embio, lively; ptera, wings)
Embioptera
Small 4-7mm.
Usually brown.
4 equal wings have alternating brown & pale longitudinal bands.
Antennae are slender and 16-32 segments.
Rapid runners.
Tarsi are 3 segmented
Order Zoraptera
Species:
North America – 2
World – 24
Families:
North America - 1
Zoraptera: refers to pure wingless.
(zor, pure; apters. Wingless)
Originally they were taught to be all wingless, later that was no the case.
Zoraptera
Minute insects 1.5 – 3mm.
Have either 4 wings or wingless.
Wings have only few veins.
Hind wings are smaller than the front.
Antennae are 9 segments.
Tarsi are 2 segments
Order Psocoptera
Species:
North America – 270
World – 2,200
Families:
North America - 11
Psocoptera: (psoco, rub small “refers to chewing food into powder”; pters , wings
Psocoptera
Small less than 6mm.
Winged or wingless.
4 membranous wings usually held rooflike over the abdomen.
Chewing mouthparts.
Order Protura
Species:
North America – 20
World – 152
Families:
North America - 3
1. Apterygota: without wings.
2. Protura: Refers to the pointed, terminal segments of the abdomen.
(prot, first; ura, tail)
Protura
Proturans are minute (.5-2.0 mm)Whitish insects that lack wings, compound eyes and antennae.Have a cone shaped head containing piercing-sucking mouthparts.Styli occur on the underside of the first 3 abdominal segmentsThe immatures have an ametabolous type of development.