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Project Management C53PM

Session 3

Russell TaylorStaff Work-base – 1st Floor

E-mail: rtayl@borderscollege.ac.uk

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Session 3

• Chapter 3– Project Quality Management

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Assignment

7. Quality Management Plan– This should include identification of quality

standards, provision of quality assurances and suggested methods of control

• 1 page statement on the importance of quality in the project and how it is to be maintained

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High visibility projects

Quality impact

• Impact on reputation • Impact on business • Protect client reputation

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Project Quality – trade-off

Time

•Scope Including Quality

Cost

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Quality

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Quality

• “Totality of characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs”

• Judging Quality – Reliability - ability of a product or service to

maintain the standard of its performance for a specified period of time and under stated conditions

– Grade - category or rank given to a entities having the same functional use but different requirements for quality

• Quality is consistent conformance to customer expectations– Cost & time are key

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Total Quality Approach

• More about process than product • Quality of Processes must be

addressed….

• …..in order to deliver a quality end product

•All processes need to work together

•All processes need to be controlled for quality

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Quality at all processes in the Projects life-cycle

Initiation & Definition

•Develop Scope Statement •Conduct feasibility study

DevelopmentPlanning

•Generate Activities & Interdependencies•Determine Responsibilities•Define resources•Develop Schedules & Budgets•Identify Risks

Execution & Control •Track & Manage Project

Closure •Perform Post-Project Review

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Quality in Project Deliverables

Initiation & Definition

•Project Charter

DevelopmentPlanning

•Project Plan

Execution & Control •The Project

Closure •Project Documentation

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Quality Management

• More process than product

– Include quality at all processes in the Project-life cycle

– Take on board lessons learned

– Seek continuous improvement in the processes

– And the deliverables

• Organisations contribution to quality– Seek sources of bad & good quality

– Correct impaired processes and improve quality

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Quality Management complements Project Management

• Stakeholder satisfaction– Scoping – meeting need

• Customer Satisfaction– Conformance to specifications

• Prevention over inspection– Cost of avoiding mistakes

• Managements Responsibility– Team responsibility, resource management

• Implement Process with phases – Project – life cycle– Deming’s plan do check-cycle

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Deming’s plan-do-check-act cyclePlan

1. Select an opportunity for improvement

2. Identify customer requirements

3. Define Problem

4. Collect data

5. Analyse for root causes

6. Find solutions

7. Prepare plan for implementation

Do

8. Implement Solution

Check

9. Monitor results, evaluate against plan

10. Determine reasons for deviation

Act

11. Take corrective actions for deviation

12. Standardise the process – make successful solutions permanent

13. Reflect

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Time

Per

form

ance

“Continuous”improvement

Standardize and maintain

Improvement

Continuous Improvement

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Costs of Quality

• Scrap and rework– rescheduling, repairing, retesting

• Defective products in the hands of the customer– recalls, warranty claims, law suits, lost business

• Detecting defects– inspection, testing

• Preventing defects– training, product/process redesign

• Management

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The Cost of Quality

• Total Cost of Quality= Failure costs + Appraisal costs + Prevention

costs

• Prevention over inspection– Cost of avoiding mistakes ‘v’ cost of

correcting them

• Minimised Total Cost of Quality Prevention costs + Appraisal costs = Failure

costs

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Project Quality Management Plan

Project Quality Management Plan

Quality Planning

Quality Assurance

Quality Control

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Quality Management

Quality Planning – identifying which quality standards are relevant to

the project and determining how to satisfy them Quality Assurance –

evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards.

Quality Control – monitoring specific project results to determine if

they comply with relevant quality standards and identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance

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Quality Planning

• Identify the relevant quality standards – Organisational Standards– Industry Standards

• ISO 9000 series– Guidelines for quality covering the

manufacturing and presale inspection of products and services

– Specify what is required, but not how to do it– Certification is administered by a third party,

and must be renewed every three years

• Determine how they are satisfied– Processes & deliverables

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Quality Planning

• Quality Policy – State overall intentions and direction

(what not how)– Documents project objectives– Documents project deliverables &

deadlines– Operational Definitions (Terms, quality

measurements)– Provide specific quality guidelines for key

quality issues

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Quality Assurance

• Planned activities & processes which provide confidence/assurance in an attempt to achieve quality

– Project team– QA Department

• Continuous evaluation of the project • Administrative processes & procedures

– Benchmarking– Cause & effect diagram

• Quality Audits– Independent evaluation

• Quality Improvement– Taking actions for effectiveness & efficiency

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Quality Control

• Monitoring specific project results to determine compliance with quality standards

• Eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance

• Technical aspect of quality management• Continuous Improvement• Quality control systems

– Select what to check and control– When should the checks take place – How is quality measured– Set standards for decision making and

corrective action– Compare results to quality standards

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Statistical Process Control (SPC)

• Check the product or service during its creation

• Use of Control charts

Time

So

me

mea

sure

of

op

erat

ion

’s p

erfo

rman

ce

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Statistical Process Control (SPC)

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Statistical Quality Control

Cause & effect

analysis

Run Chart

Tally sheet

Pareto chart

Process flow chart

Histograms

Scatter Diagrams

Control Chart

IDENTIFICATION ANALYSIS

Overlap Analysis

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Tally Sheets

Supplier

Defect A B C Total

Incorrect Invoice IIII I II 7

Incorrect Inventory IIII II I 8

Damaged Material III III 6

Incorrect Test Doc I III II 6

Total 13 6 8 27

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Scatter Diagrams

Shows strong correlation:x and y are related

Shows no correlation:x and y are unrelated

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Quality Philosophies

• TQM – If production does it right the first time and

produces products and services that are defect-free, waste is eliminated and costs are reduced.

– Managing people and processes to ensure customer satisfaction (internal & external) at every stage.

Business Department 31

Take a break