Post on 12-Jan-2016
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12c DBA Beginners SeriesOracle Database in the Cloud
VitalSoftTech.com Copyright 2014
By Natik Ameen
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My Introduction
Production DBA 15+ years RAC, Exadata & GoldenGate OCP 8 thru 11g OCE RAC Free Articles at
www.vitalsofttech.com/articles/
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Free DBA Training Series
Evolution of Databases 12c Features What does multitenacy offer? Multitenant Architecture Getting Started Basic Administration
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Free DBA Training Series
Security Backup and Recovery Views Upgrade
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Evolution of Databases
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History of Oracle
7, 8i, 9i, 10g,11g and 12c i=internet g=grid c=cloud
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DB Growth
DB Size in MB’s Then Gigabytes Then Terabytes Now Petabytes and growing … DB Sizes doubled in last 2 years
alone!
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Hardware
CPU’s Disk Speed Networks
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Database Progression
RDBMS Licensed Open Source
SQL NoSQL Reduce/Mapped
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12cConsolidation, Flexibility & ROI
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12c
Mutlitenancy Plug-in, Plug-out In-memory Cloning
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Why Oracle added Multitenancy feature?
Consolidation, Flexibility & ROI
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Challenges
Many servers Dedicated resources Long provisioning time Data Segregation requirements Large Databases Size Costly
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Definition of Multitenancy
More than …
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Consolidation
Database consolidation vs Server consolidation
Reduced resource usage Separation of User Data Fewer servers
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Flexibility
Easier, faster DB deployments Fast Cloning for Dev/QA Quick patching and upgrades Separation of duties
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High ROI
Hardware, Software Cost Reduction Fewer support hours
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Basics of Multitenancy
How are container DB’sdifferent from non-container DB’s?
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Multitenant Architecture
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Components
CDB Instance CDB$ROOT Container PDB$SEED PDBs
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CDB Instance
Consolidation at Database Level Share SGA with other PDBs Share Background processes
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CDB Shared Resources
SGA Buffer Cache Log buffer Cache Shared Pool
Redo Logs SYSTEM, SYSAUX & UNDO DBWR, LGWR, ARCH background
processes
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CDB$ROOT Database
System Data Dictionary One root Plugin a PDB Holds common users CDB Resource Plan Upto 252 PDB’s
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PDB Local Data Dictionary Metadata link (Data
Dictionary Pointer) Object Link (Data link) Local Users Common Users SYSTEM & SYSAUX
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PDB$SEED
PDB Template Rapid DB creation SYSTEM,
SYSAUX,TEMP Common User
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Getting StartedCreate CDB and PDB’s
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Create CDB Container
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Create PDB Databases using PDB$SEED
Connect to CDB as sysdba No need to create and initialize
instance Copies datafiles and creates service Very fast
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Basic AdministrationConnect, Start and shutdown CDB and PDBs
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Connecting to CDB's
Export ORACLE_SID – CDB Instance name
Connect normally using sqlplust p://www.vitalsofttech.com/managing-oracle-12c-pdbs-and-cdbs-getting-started/
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Connecting to a PDB's
Export CDB ORACLE_SID Instance name always CDB instance PDB created has own Service name Connect using Service Name
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Connecting to PDB- Use Service Name
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Connecting to a PDB - Switch from CDB
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Starting up a CDB
Export ORACLE_SID – CDB Instance name
Connect Normally using sqlplus Run STARTUP
racle-12c-pdbs-and-cdbs-getting-started/
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Opening a PDB
Not automatically started Even if CDB is up
PDBs in-accessible. In MOUNT mode
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Opening a PDB
Open all pluggable databases
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Closing a PDB
Closing all pluggable databases
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Shutdown a CDB
Shutdown in normal way All PDB’s shut down automatically
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Plug-in and unplug PDB
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SecurityIs my PDB Really Secure?
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Common Users
Users created in the CDB User name will always start with
C##
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Common Roles
Works the same way as users Roles created in the CDB Role names will always start with
C##
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Privileges to Common Users
Common users need Privs to connect to each container
Grant Privs to a user cascade Privs across all PDBs
Exception is SEED database
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Local Users
Created inside a specific PDB database Cannot connect to other PDB’s or CDB C## in name not required/allowed?
■ Cannot connect to CDB as users are local to PDB only
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Local Users
Follows same convention as local users Can only be created in PDBs Limited to container where created
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Local Privileges
Can be granted to local or Common users
Below privilege granted in PDB, not cascaded to CDB
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Backup and RecoveryNow, do I have to learn how to backup the Database?
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Backup of CDB/PDB’s Connect to the CDB Same as a non-container backup One command backs up CDB and
ALL PDBsrman target /Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 5 13:13:23 2013…… RMAN> backup database;Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….….
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Backup of Only CDB or Root
Connect to the CDB
RMAN> backup database root;Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….….
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Backup of Single PDB Connect to CDB use pluggable database
■ Connect to PDB and run backup or
RMAN> backup database;Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….
RMAN> backup pluggable database pdb12c;
Starting backup at 05-SEP-13….
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Backup of Archive Logs Archive logs can ONLY be backed while connected to CDB Connect to the CDB
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUSARCHIVE LOG;
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Flashback for a CDB All databases attached can be flashed back Except past the previous SCN Recovery time of the database Work around is to offline the datafiles
ORA-39866: Data files for pluggable database must be offline to flashback across a PDB point-in-time recovery
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Flashback for a CDB
Connect to CDB Flashback the CDB and ALL PDB’s to
same point in time
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Views
Where do I connect to look at DB info? CDB or PDB?
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CDB_xxx and DBA_xxx views
New Views start with CDB_* Only visible when connected to CDB
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CDB Specific Views V$ views GV$ views CDB_ views DBA_HIST*
views
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CDB Specific ViewsCON_ID References
0 Entire CDB1 Root2 SEED
3-254 PDB's
Is this a CDB? select CDB from V$DATABASE;
Container List >select NAME, CON_ID, DBID, CON_UID, GUID from V$CONTAINERS order by CON_ID;
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PDB Specific Views Container History
select DB_NAME, CON_ID, PDB_NAME, OPERATION, OP_TIMESTAMP, CLONED_FROM_PDB_NAME from CDB_PDB_HISTORY where CON_ID > 2 order by CON_ID;
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UPGRADE
Ready to upgrade?
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Direct Upgrade Supported or not?
Source Release
Source Patch Set
Direct Upgrade Support?
11gr2 11.2.0.2 and later
Yes
11.2.0.1 No
11gr1 11.1.0.7 Yes
11.1.0.6 No
10g 10.2.0.5 Yes
10.2.0.4 and earlier
No.
9i and earlier All No
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Plan Stability
SQL Plan Management Base Evolve Plans Don’t forget to test in non-production
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Using DBUA
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Manual Upgrade
Install 12c Oracle binaries
Run catupgrd.sql
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About Us
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Email - natik.ameen@gmail.com
We provide 24hrs Remote DBA Support Oracle Online Training
Worked with Sony America UCSD George Washington University
Phone: (800) 515-8174 Skype: ORACLE_IT
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