Post on 18-Dec-2015
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Importance Importance of Correct Posture of Correct Posture and Body Mechanicsand Body Mechanics
In daily activities
In sport activities
In the activities that sport rehabilitation specialists undertake in treatment sessions
good posture: The body’s alignment is balanced so that stress applied to the body segments is minimal.
poor posture: The body’s alignment is out of balance, causing unusual stresses to various body segments, which can lead to abnormal anatomical adaptations, alterations in performance, and less efficiency.
Correct Standing Correct Standing Alignment: Anterior ViewAlignment: Anterior View
Plumb line bisects nose, mouth, sternum, umbilicus, pubic bones.
Earlobes are level, as are the shoulders, fingertip ends, nipples, iliac crests, patellae, and medial malleoli.
Patellae point straight ahead with feet straight or turned slightly outward.
Knees and ankles in line.
Correct Standing Correct Standing Alignment: Posterior ViewAlignment: Posterior View
Plumb line bisects head and follows spinous processes.
Earlobes, shoulders, scapulae, hips, PSIS, gluteal fold, posterior knee creases, medial malleoli are level.
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Correct Standing Correct Standing Alignment: Posterior ViewAlignment: Posterior View
Scapulae lie against rib cage between T2 and T7, 5 cm from spinous processes.
Calcanei are straight; calcaneal tendon is perpendicular to floor.
Weight is distributed equally.
Correct Standing Correct Standing Alignment: Lateral ViewAlignment: Lateral View
Plumb line passes through external auditory meatus, earlobe, bodies of cervical vertebrae, center of shoulder joint, greater trochanter; midway between back and chest; slightly anterior to center of knee just behind patella; slightly anterior to lateral malleolus.
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Correct Standing Correct Standing Alignment: Lateral ViewAlignment: Lateral View
Horizontal line should connect ASIS and PSIS
Weight balanced between heel and forefoot
Knees straight, not locked
Chin slightly tucked, chest slightly up and forward, mild inward curve in neck and low back regions
Correct Sitting AlignmentCorrect Sitting Alignment
Feet rest comfortably on floor with hips and knees at 90°.
Chair seat does not run into posterior knee; chair back comes to lower scapula border.
Chair arms are at a level that provides shoulder relaxation and permits forearms to rest comfortably with elbows at 90°.
lordosis: an excessive forward curve in the lumbar or cervical area
kyphosis: an excessive posterior curve, often in the thoracic area
scoliosis: a lateral curve of the normally straight spine, classified as either a C-curve or an S-curve
Pathological Alignment: Pathological Alignment: Pelvis and Lumbar AreaPelvis and Lumbar Area
Lordosis
Flat lumbar spine
Scoliosis
Pathological Alignment: Pathological Alignment: Thoracic AreaThoracic Area
Thoracic kyphosis
Flattening of upper back
Lateral shift
Scoliosis
Pathological Alignment: Pathological Alignment: Head and Cervical AreaHead and Cervical Area
Forward head
Cervical lordosis
Pathological Alignment: Pathological Alignment: Lower ExtremitiesLower Extremities
Hips: coxa valga, coxa varus; anteversion, retroversion
Knees: genu valgus, genu varus; squinting patellae, “frog’s eye” patellae; genu recurvatum
Pathological Alignment: Pathological Alignment: Lower ExtremitiesLower Extremities
Ankle and foot: pes cavus, pes planus; pronation, supination; hallux valgus; claw toes, hammertoes
Lower leg; tibial torsion
Pathological Alignment: Pathological Alignment: Upper ExtremitiesUpper Extremities
Rounded shoulders
Forward and downward scapulae
Internally rotated shoulders
Causes of Muscle Causes of Muscle Imbalances Imbalances Read pp 337-338Read pp 337-338
Sustained shortening of one muscle and compensatory lengthening of opposite muscleOveruse: weakness of one group overpowered by strength of opposing group
Joint abnormalities
Postural deviations with aging
Injuries, muscle strains
Treatment of Muscle Treatment of Muscle Imbalances Imbalances Read pp 337-338Read pp 337-338
Lengthen shortened muscle groups
Strengthen weak muscle groups.
Encourage bilateral activities.
Educate patient on proper posture for conscious correction.
Conditioning programs include a balanced program.
Body Mechanics Body Mechanics PrinciplesPrinciples
Straight or neutral spine
Stability maintained by a low center of gravity, a broad base of support, and a stance in the direction of force application
Strong abdominals
Body Mechanics Body Mechanics During Daily ActivitiesDuring Daily Activities
Lifting objects
Pushing or pulling objects
Rising from a chair
Carrying objects
Getting on the floor
Body Mechanics in SportBody Mechanics in Sport
Straight back
Abdominal strength
Pelvic neutral
Examples of specific sports
Body Mechanics for Sport Body Mechanics for Sport Rehabilitation SpecialistRehabilitation Specialist
Equal distribution of weight over the two feetFeet in correct alignment and in direction of forces
Back straightForce applied from legs
Move from right to left foot and back again
Keep upper extremities relaxed, in proper alignment