1/13 DAILY CATALYST PG. 67 GENE REGULATION

1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?

2. How many chromatids are in a duplicated chromosome?

3. What stage of mitosis is shown below? How do you know?

1/13 DAILY CATALYST PG. 67 GENE REGULATION

1. How many chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell?

46 (23 from mom and 23 from dad) 2. How many chromatids are in a duplicated

chromosome? Two 3. What stage of mitosis is shown below? How do

you know? Anaphase, chromatids are pulled APART

1/13 CLASS BUSINESS PG. 66 GENE REGULATION

Quiz #16 on Friday Tutoring after school, during 4th period, and during lunch Schedule tutoring sessions with me

Parent Night 1/13 (TONIGHT) Extra Credit for attending 4-6 pm in the Cafeteria

New studying assignment You are required to study a certain amount of hours per week independently AND

with a group/partner per month Independently= 6 hours per week Group/partner= 4 hours per month Sheet is due at the end of each month on the last Friday (Jan. 30th)

STUDY ASSIGNMENT

Name(s)

Date Time Topic(s) Covered

Notes Signature

1/13 OBJECTIVE Review the stages of Mitosis and discuss

methods of cell regulation.

MITOSIS REVIEW

PG 66. BINARY FISSION What type of cells undergo mitosis?

Eukaryotic- plants and animal cells What about bacteria? Key Point #1: Prokaryotes reproduce by binary

fission Meaning “division in half”

PG. 66 BINARY FISSION Bacterial DNA is circular in shape Bacterial DNA must be replicated before

cell division Replication begins at the Origin of

Replication A specific site on the chromosome The origins move to opposite end of the

cell The cell begins to elongate The plasma membrane grows inward and

forms two new cells

PG. 67 GENE REGULATION

CELL CYCLE REGULATION There is evidence towards cytoplasmic

signals that control the cell cycle. Key Point #1: Cell cycle control: a set of molecules in

the cell that both trigger and coordinates the CC. Regulated at certain checkpoints

(Like a dishwashing machine)

CELL CYCLE REGULATION Key Point #2: Checkpoint: a control point where stop and go

signals exist Checkpoints register signals form inside and

outside the cell if the cell cycle should proceed OR STOP

3 checkpoints: G1, G2, and M phase

CELL CYCLE REGULATION G1 check point: AKA the “restriction point” Most important checkpoint GO(green light): complete G1, S, G2, and M phases STOP: Exit the cycle and switch into a non dividing

state (G0) Most cells are in the G0 phase Mature nerve cells do no need to divide

CELL CYCLE REGULATION Cyclin-dependent Kinases (Cdks): Activate or inactivate other proteins

Checkpoint at G1 and G2 Cyclin: cyclically fluctuating

concentration Kinase: activate or inactivate

proteins by giving them a phosphate group

MPF MPF: maturation-promoting factor

M-phase promoting factor Triggers the cell’s passage past

the G2 checkpoint into M phase When cyclin is high during G2,

this causes MPF to phosphorylates other proteins.

During anaphase, MPF switches itself off

PDGF Made by platelets PDGF binds to a receptor and this triggers G1 checkpoint

and get ready to divide IN HEALING!

CANCER Cancel cells do not heed the normal signals that

regulate the cell cycle. They divide excessively and invade other tissues. If unchecked, they can kill organisms.

CANCER Cancer cells do not stop dividing

when growth factors are depleted. Cancer cells may make their own

growth factors!

PROCESS OF A CANCEROUS CELL Cell

Transformation: a normal cell converts into a cancer cell Immune system will cell the

transformed cell, if not, the cell will rapidly divide and form a tumor Benign tumor: not dangerous tumor Malignant tumor: invasive and

starts to impair normal function (cancer) Cancer cells metastasize: spread

from original location

MITOSIS REVIEW Label each picture of mitosis:

CELL REGULATION REVIEW