Post on 02-Jan-2016
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11.5 The brain and our senses
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The brain and our senses
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The role of our brainThe brain is the control centre of body activities.
Let’s see an example.
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The role of our brain1 Stimulus
The phone rings.
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The role of our brain2 Sense organ
The ears detect thesound and sendmessages to thebrain.
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The role of our brain3 Brain
The brain interprets the messages,
produces the sense of hearing and decides what to do.
The phone is ringing.
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The role of our brain4 Muscles
The brain sends messages to the muscles.
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The role of our brain5 Response
The muscles bring about a response: getting up and picking up the phone.
Hello?
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11.8The role of the brain in playing volleyball
Mandy
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11.8
Rearrange the events to describe the detection of the coming volleyball and Mandy’s response.
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11.8A Mandy’s eyes detect the light from the volleyball.
Light-sensitive cells in the eyes send messages to the brain.
B Mandy’s muscles contract/relax to enable her to jump up and pass the volleyball over the net.
C The brain sends messages to the limb muscles.
D Mandy’s brain interprets the messages. She is thinking, ‘The ball is being passed to me. Shall I
set the ball to the hitter? No, I shall pass the ball directly to the other team to try to trick them.’
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11.8
The order of the events:
_____ _____ _____ _____A D BC
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The role of our brain
stimulus sense organdetected by
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The role of our brain
sense organ brain
sends messages to
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The role of our brain
brain musclesinterprets the messages and in turn sends messages to
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The role of our brain
muscles responsebring about
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The main parts of the brainprotected by the skull
brain
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Examining the human brain model11.15
human brain model
3D model
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11.15
a
b
c
cerebrum
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
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Cerebrum (大腦 )
the biggest part of the brain
Animation
responsible for intelligence
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interprets messages from sense organs
sends messages to muscles
Cerebrum (大腦 )
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the site of:
thinking
memorylearning
communication
Cerebrum (大腦 )
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one-eighth of the size of the cerebrum
Cerebellum (小腦 )
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Cerebellum (小腦 )
responsible for muscular coordination
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Cerebellum (小腦 )
maintains balance and controls movement
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the smallest part
Medulla oblongata (延腦 )
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Medulla oblongata (延腦 )
controls involuntary actions, e.g. heartbeat, breathing
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The three main parts of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata.
The main parts of the brain
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Reaction time Simulation
some react faster than others
Beep!
Why?
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Reaction timedetect a stimulus
make a response
reaction time (反應時間 )
varies from person to person
Beep!
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Measuring your reaction time11.16
1 your partner’s hand
your hand
Experiment video
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2 Catch the ruler as quickly as possible.
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3 Record the distance dropped.
1st try 2nd try 3rd try
Yourself
Distance the half-metre rule drops (cm)
Reaction time (s)
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Reaction time (s)
Distance of fall (cm)
3 Find out your reaction time from the graph.
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1st try 2nd try 3rd try
Yourself
Distance the half-metre rule drops (cm)
Reaction time (s)
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4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 twice.
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5 Exchange your role with your partner and repeat the activity.
1st try 2nd try 3rd try
Your partner
Distance the half-metre rule drops (cm)
Reaction time (s)
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6 What do you notice from the results of the three trials?
The more times we try, the shorter the reaction time becomes (i.e. the faster the reaction).
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7 How can we improve our reaction time?
We can improve our reaction time through training.
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Reaction time can be shortened through training
Beep!
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Reaction time affected by the condition of the
body
feeling tired
reaction time becomes longer
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Reaction time can be lengthened by
drugs and alcohol
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Reaction time is the time between detecting a stimulus and being able to make a response.
Reaction time
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It varies from person to person.
Reaction time
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Illusions
interprets messages from sense organs
incorrectly
illusions (錯覺 )
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IllusionsWhich line is a straight line, AC or BC?
BC.
A
B
C
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IllusionsHow many legs does this elephant have?
It looks like to have five legs.
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IllusionsIs the shape in red a circle?
Yes, it is a circle. 10 ¢
Put a 10 ¢ coin on it
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IllusionsClose your eyes. Feel a marble with your fingers crossed.
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IllusionsPress down on it and move it from side to side.
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IllusionsHow many marbles do you feel?
We can feel as if there are two marbles.
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Optical Illusions
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Optical Illusions
Impossible
structure
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Optical Illusions
How many
Columns?
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Optical Illusions
What do you see?
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Sometimes the brain interprets messages incorrectly.
This results in illusions.
Illusions
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1 Sense organs detect _______ and then send messages to the _______ to produce senses.
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stimulibrain
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2 After interpretation, the brain sends messages to the _________ to
bring about responses.
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muscles
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3 The brain consists of three main parts:
the ______________, the ______________ and
the _________________.
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cerebrum
medulla oblongatacerebellum
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4 The time between detecting a stimulus and being able to make a response is called the _______________.
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reaction time
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5 ________ may result when the brain interprets messages incorrectly.
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Illusion