13.4 – Applications of Genetic Engineering

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms – contain genes from other organisms These are produced by genetic engineering Have helped bacteria produce things like insulin, growth

hormone, and clotting factors that were once very expensive Allowed animals immune system to act more like humans which

allows them to study effects of disease Can grow animals that are more lean

Cloning Clone – member of a population of genetically identical cells

produced from a single cell Bacteria can be cloned quite easily

In 1997, a Scottish scientist (Ian Wilmut) announced he had cloned a sheep - Dolly

A donor cell is taken from a sheep’s udder. Donor

NucleusThese two cells are fused using an

electric shock.Fused Cell

The fused cell begins dividing normally.

EmbryoThe embryo is placed in the uterus of a foster mother.Foster

Mother

The embryo develops normally into a lamb—Dolly

Cloned Lamb

Egg Cell

An egg cell is taken from an adult female sheep.

The nucleus of the egg cell is removed.

Cloning of the First Mammal

Injaz the Camel

April 2009 in Dubai

Carbon Copy Cat

Cc surprised many when she was born and did not look or act exactly like the genetic mother

Daisy the Cow

Daisy in July of 1999

Dolly

Snuppy

Human Cloning In 2005 the UN approved a non-binding global ban on

human cloning In US it is legal for non-embryonic stem cell research under

certain regulations