Post on 07-Jan-2017
transcript
Source: CDIAC; NOAA-‐ESRL; Le Quéré et al 2015; Global Carbon Budget 2015
Ocean carbonate chemistry
CaCO3 (solid)C
O O
OCa
H HO
H2O HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-
Addition of CO2
CaCO3 (solid)C
O O
OCa
H HO
H2O HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-
CO O CO2
CO2 + H2O à H2CO3
CO O
OCa
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-HH
CO O
O H2CO3
CaCO3 (solid)
H2CO3 à H+ + HCO3-
CO O
OCa
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-H
CO O
O HCO3-H H+
CaCO3 (solid)
H2CO3 à H+ + HCO3-
CO O
OCa
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-H
CO O
O HCO3-
H H+
CaCO3 (solid)
H+ + CO32- à HCO3
-
CO O
OCa
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-H
CO O
O HCO3-
H H+
CaCO3 (solid)
H+ + CO32- à HCO3
-
CaCO3 (solid)C
O O
OCa
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-H
CO O
O HCO3-
H H+
H+ + CO32- à HCO3
-
CO O
OCa
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O CO32-H
CO O
O HCO3-H H+
CaCO3 (solid)
H
H+ + CO32- à HCO3
-
CO O
OCa
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O HCO3-H
CO O
O HCO3-
CaCO3 (solid)
H
CaCO3 à Ca2+ + CO32-
CO32-C
O O
O
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O HCO3-H
CO O
O HCO3-
Ca Ca2+ (dissolved)
H
CaCO3 à Ca2+ + CO32-
CO32-C
O O
O
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O HCO3-H
CO O
O HCO3-
Ca Ca2+ (dissolved)
H
CaCO3 à Ca2+ + CO32-
CO32-CO O
O
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O HCO3-H
CO O
O HCO3-
Ca Ca2+ (dissolved)
H
CaCO3 à Ca2+ + CO32-
CO32-CO O
O
HC
O O
OHCO3-
CO O
O HCO3-H
CO O
O HCO3-
Ca Ca2+ (dissolved)
Distribution of corals andocean acidification
0 1 2 3 4 5
Corrosive OptimalΩAragonite
Carbon dioxide level,
Coral reef distribution,
and chemical
conditions helping
drive reef formation
Cao and Caldeira, 2008
0 1 2 3 4 5
Corrosive OptimalΩAragoniteCao and Caldeira, 2008
Carbon dioxide level,
Coral reef distribution,
and chemical
conditions helping
drive reef formation
0 1 2 3 4 5
Corrosive OptimalΩAragoniteCao and Caldeira, 2008
Carbon dioxide level,
Coral reef distribution,
and chemical
conditions helping
drive reef formation
0 1 2 3 4 5
Corrosive OptimalΩAragoniteCao and Caldeira, 2008
Carbon dioxide level,
Coral reef distribution,
and chemical
conditions helping
drive reef formation
0 1 2 3 4 5
Corrosive OptimalΩAragoniteCao and Caldeira, 2008
Carbon dioxide level,
Coral reef distribution,
and chemical
conditions helping
drive reef formation
0 1 2 3 4 5
Corrosive OptimalΩAragoniteCao and Caldeira, 2008
Carbon dioxide level,
Coral reef distribution,
and chemical
conditions helping
drive reef formation
Kinsey expeditions to the Great Barrier Reef(late 1960s to early 1980s)
Lizard Island
Expeditions
September 2008November 2009
Net Coral Skeletal Growth Rate Measured at Lizard Island
One Tree Island
ExpeditionDecember 2009
Water ponds at different levels in different lagoons at low tide.
Some flow over sills.
Rate of net calcification 44% lower than in 1970’s
One Tree Island
ExpeditionsNov 2011Feb 2013
Sep/Oct 2014
One Tree Island Research Station
Kwiatkowski et al 2015
Net skeletal growth (calcification)
Net photosynthesis (net production)
Australian reef metabolism work
• Large dataset thanks to autosamplers and autotitrators
• Strong diel cycles in calcification/dissolution
• Provisional conclusion: Ωarag can explain some of the variance in δATunaccounted for by T & PAR
calcification
dissolution
PAR Ωarag