1117.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security

PolicyPolicy

19651965--19691969

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 22

TermsTerms

Pentagon PapersMIRV

Coercive diplomacyFOBSMRV

Hard Point DefenseMutual assured destruction (MAD)

City (area) defenseOTH (F/B)NPT

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 33

Key Shifts in National Security Key Shifts in National Security PolicyPolicy

• US-USSR Strategic Balance• Expansion of Vietnam War to Major Land

War & Bombing Campaign• Arms Control & the Strategic Balance• Domestic (In)Security

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 44

Strategic Balance 1965Strategic Balance 1965

• Mutual Assured Destruction

270500Bombers

150*400SLBMs

300934ICBMs

USSRUS

*SR-SLBMs

Number of RVs

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 55

Strategic SystemsStrategic Systems

• Sentinel ABM System• OTH-F Radar• MIRV (R&D)

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 66

EventsEvents• Dominican Republic (4/65)• Vietnam (1965)• Anti-War & Civil Rights Movement• Middle East War (1967)• Outer Space Treaty (1967)• Latin American Nuclear Free Zone (1967)• Vietnam – Tet Offensive (1968)• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)• Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968)• Nixon Administration (1969)

7717.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security

PolicyPolicy

EndEnd

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 88

Dominican Republic Dominican Republic (1965)(1965)

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17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 99

Peace MovementPeace Movement• Undermining U.S. Morale• Interfering with the draft• Aiding the enemy

Student Strikes 1969

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 1010

Middle East War 1967Middle East War 1967

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17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 1111

TetTet Offensive Offensive (1968)(1968)

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17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 1212

Czechoslovakian Invasion Czechoslovakian Invasion (1968)(1968)

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West

East Germany

17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 1313

Understanding VietnamUnderstanding Vietnam

• What “disciplining” factor was missing in the case of the Kennedy-Johnson national security policy-making?– Sense of budget constrains (Gaddis, 261)

• Why didn’t “systems analysis” improve decision-making in the war?– Statistical data controlled by the military– Reforms worked in nuclear & budgetary

affairs – but not conventional war

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17.471 American National Security 17.471 American National Security PolicyPolicy 1414

Czechoslovakian Invasion Czechoslovakian Invasion (1968)(1968)

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West

East Germany