1760s-1776

CAUSES OF AMERICAN

REVOLUTION

SSUSH3 The student wil l explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competit ion as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris la id the groundwork for the American Revolut ion.

b. Explain colonial response to such Bri t ish act ions as the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and Daughters of L iberty and Committees of Correspondence.

c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.

SSUSH4 The student wil l identify the ideological, mil itary, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.

a. Explain the language, organizat ion, and intel lectual sources of the Declarat ion of Independence; include the writ ing of John Locke and the role of Thomas Jeff erson.

b. Explain the reason for and s ignifi cance of the French al l iance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Frankl in and the Marquis de Lafayette.

c. Analyze George Washington as a mi l i tary leader; include the creat ion of a professional mi l i tary and the l i fe of a common soldier, and describe the s ignifi cance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Val ley Forge.

d. Explain the role of geography at the Batt le of Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwal l is , and the Treaty of Par is , 1783.

GEORGIA STANDARDS

British in debt because of war

Begin to tax colonists

Thought the colonists should help pay

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754-1763)

Treaty of Paris (1763): ended the French and Indian War and gave British full control over all American colonies

Proclamation of 1763: British deal with the Native…Colonists can’t go beyond Appalachian Mountains

DOCUMENTS OF 1763

PROCLAMATION OF 1763

England places more taxes without colonists’ approvalSugar Act: (1st)—sugar and molassesStamp Act: taxes placed on anything paper

(newspapers, licenses, deeds, playing cards)Townshend Acts: glass, paint, etc.Boston Massacre (March 1770): protests of taxes (7

killed by British)

“NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION”

NO TAXATION WITH REPRESENTATION

The Sons of Liberty—protests against all taxes, damaged British property and started the Boston Tea Party

The Daughters of Liberty—protest by boycotts of British cloth (Ladies—make clothes)

The Committees of Correspondence—create private communication lines between and amongst the colonies.

Thomas Paine—wrote Common Sense (about independence)

RESISTANCE GROUPS

Punishment for Boston Tea party, Passes Intolerable Acts Closed Boston Harbor (big port in MA)Quartering Act—had to house/feed British solidersBoston under British military control (Red Coats

everywhere)Committees of Correspondence—create 1st

Continental Congress

INTOLERABLE ACTS

Foldable Instructions and notes

SSUSH4 Square

Today’s foldable!

Follow directions

If you need help…ASK

Fold, glue, cut

Anchor tab=only place where glue goes

Things to remember with GLUE• Dot, dot not a lot

• One line is just fine

Foldables

Cut out the square

Make sure not to cut the anchor tab (frame around square)

Step 1

Fold along the one of the dotted line“pinch method”

Step 2

Cut the dotted lines to the half way point

Step 3

Add glue to ANCHOR TAB (inside the frame onlyplace on clean sheet of paper

Step 4

Let glue dry then finish cutting the dotted line

Step 4

NOW it’s time for notes!

SSUSH4 American Revolution 1776-1783

YOU ONLY HAVE TO WRITE NOTES WHEN YOU SEE SLIDES LIKE THIS!!!

Because Mrs. Cook is so nice…….

John Locke (1632-1704)

Locke describes the natural state of human existence arguing:• …that everyone is born with a natural right to

defend his “life, liberty and property”.

• …individuals would agree to form a state (i.e. government) that would provide a “neutral judge” to protect the before-mentioned rights.

• …”all men are created equal.”

John Locke

Principle author of the Declaration of Independence

Influenced heavily by Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers

Supporter of separation of church and state

Slave owner from Virginia

Thomas Jefferson

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

Preamble to the Declaration of Independence

Summer of 1776

the 2nd Continental Congress

Philadelphia.

Written by Thomas Jefferson

include the writing of John Locke and Montesquieu

July 4, 1776.

The “break-up” between the colonies and Great Britain.

Colonists’ grievances to the King.

Declaration of Independence

“Father of the USA”

Gained military experience in the French and Indian War.

Chosen as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army.

One early problem Washington encountered was the creation of a professional military.

Washington organized and trained (with the assistance of the French) the various state militias into one “national” army.

George Washington

At the urging of Washington, Congress provided for the creation of a standing army.

Enlistments were 1-3 years.

Pay was meager.

Rations were short and the army often have to scavenge to find supplies and food.

Disease was common due to close confinement combined with poor diet and sanitation.

Life as a common soldier

Lost a lot battles

Believed quick, strong strikes followed by an immediate retreat “hit and run” .

This principle is best illustrated when Washington crossed the Delaware River on December 25, 1776 in a surprise attack against British allies.

This victory further boosted the morale of the American forces…victory was now strategically possible.

Washington As a Military Leader

Washington’s skill at maintaining his force under trying conditions is best shown during the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

The Continental Army was stuck at Valley Forge with very little rations; very little food and insufficient winter attire.

However Valley Forge proved to be critical in the further development of the army.

Lafayette and other foreign military leaders arrived and trained the soldiers extensively at Valley Forge.

This newly trained force would go on to defeat the British at Yorktown 3 years later.

Valley Forge

Washington—commander of Army

Created better and trained army

Respected though lost many battles

Hit-run attack method (Delaware River victory)

Soldier life—1-3 years, low pay, lack of food and supplies

Valley Forge—cold, 6 months, disease, no food + boot camp

Georgia Washington and the Continental Army

In the 18th century England and France maintained a deep rivalry that played out all over the globe.

While the colonial army scored many victories early in the war with England, victory was far from certain.

Most Indian tribes were assisting the British who supplied them with high-tech weapons and promised a return of their native lands.

At the time of the Declaration, Benjamin Franklin was serving as a diplomat to France.

Franklin convinced the French government to lend support to the American rebels against the British.

France felt that by supporting the colonial rebellion, they could weaken England militarily and enact revenge for the defeat in the French and Indian War.

Franklin asks France for Help

Marquis de Lafayette: French General who was an integral part of the American assistance in the Revolution.

France supplied money, supplies, troops, weapons, ships, military expertise, etc.

Lafayette served alongside General Washington and was influential in the eventual defeat of the British at Yorktown.

Marquis de Lafayette

Statue of Lafayette in D.c.

Ben Franklin convinced the French support to the American rebels against the British.

France thought helping would weaken England=revenge for French and Indian War.

Marquis de Lafayette—French General

France supplied money, supplies, troops, weapons, ships, military expertise, etc.

Lafayette fought with General Washington helped at Yorktown.

French Alliance

General Lord Cornwallis: British leader who planned to push French-American forces southward in an attempt to divide the Continental Army in two.

Cornwallis succeeded…eventually ending up with American forces near the coastal town of Yorktown in Virginia.

While awaiting reinforcements from the British navy, the French and Americans were able to corner Cornwallis and his men.

Cut off from reinforcements, Cornwallis was forced to surrender effectively ending the American Revolution.

Siege at Yorktown

The Treaty of Paris (1783) formally ended the American Revolution.

The United States won its independence from Great Britain and gained control of land stretching west to the Mississippi River.

Next, the newly freed colonists would have the tumultuous task of creating any entirely new government on their own.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

British Lord General Cornwallis—moved south but still close to the sea

Battle of Yorktown—British surrounded by the French and Americans

British forced to surrender

Treaty of Paris 1783—ends the American Revolution• America get independence• Spain gets Florida• France gets African and Caribbean colonies

Victory and the 2nd Treaty of Paris