1914 Europe

The Triple Alliance Vs. Triple Entente(The Central Powers) (The Allied Powers)

The OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1453- 1880

World War 1 (The Great War) Chapter 29NameDate

What are the Causes?

Nationalism explain why-

Imperialism explain why-

Militarism

explain why-

Alliances explain why-

When did the war start?

Where didIt start & Why there?

Imperialism is when one country exploits another.

Nationalism is a devotion to one’s own

nation/country.

Militarism is when a country begins to strengthen the military by given them expressed powers and implied powers.

Alliances are countries who are aligned together. They are friends for many reasons.

The Austria-Hungry Royal Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Sophia

1914 Europe

Kaiser Wilhelm

NicolasRomanov

Archduke Franz

The Romanov Family of Russia

Czar Nicolas

Alexandra

Kaiser WilhelmGerman Ruler 1890

Heat in the The Balkans

Otherwise Known as the “Powder Keg”

to WWI

This action would really tick off Kaiser Wilhelm, who

immediately encouraged Austria-Hungry to start a fight with

Serbia and Russia.Austria-Hungry gave them a

harsh ultimatum, but knew in the end it would result in war!

In Flanders FieldsIn Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on row

That mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead. Short days ago

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,

Loved and were loved, and now we lie

In Flanders fields.Take up our quarrel with the foe:

To you from failing hands we throwThe torch; be yours to hold it high.If ye break faith with us who die

We shall not sleep, though poppies growIn Flanders fields.

-John McCrae1872-1918

Canadian Nurse in FranceDied of Pneumonia

The Straw that Broke the Camel’s Back:

The shot heard from around the world.

They traveled to Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28, 1914 for a political engagement and to celebrate their 14th wedding anniversary on July 1.

They would not make it to that anniversary….

A 19 year-old ticked off Serbian named Gavrilo Princip, from a group called the “Black Hand,” shot the couple dead at point blank range.

On July 28, 1914…

Austria-Hungry declared war on Serbia.

Germany backed up Austria-Hungry

1914 Europe

The Triple Alliance Vs. Triple Entente(The Central Powers) (The Allied Powers)

…thus starting WWI

“Come On, what else will we use our imperialized goods on?”

The Machine

GunIntroduced by Great Britain

to colonize Africa throughout the 1800’s

The Submarine

German U boats were the first fleet of submarines, which were launched in the British Isle in 1915.

The AirplaneAlthough, These early planes were slow and too light weight to drop any bombs, France, Britain, Germany and the US had large fleets, in hopes that in the future they could use them as

weapons.

The TankIntroduced by Britain in 1916

While in production they were

code named: Water tanks

Poison GasIntroduced by Germany in 1915 against the allies.

Also that same year: Gas masks

Schlieffen Plan

Battles

• Battle of the Marne

A bloody Stalemate on the Western Front

Trench WarfareThe tiresome game of waiting

During this 4 year battle

in the trenches millions lost

there lives but only 4 miles

of land was either gained or lost

in these death traps.

After time soldiers would run to an abandoned trench

Some would be left behind

The most land gain during trench warfare was 4 miles

Trench Warfare

Barbed wire lines the ceiling

Two horrific battles ensued

The Battle of Verdun, France

In February, 1916, France wanted to protect their beloved city of Verdun, so they built trench

“bunkers” stretching over 8 miles long around the city.

The city was somber as French troops marched to their tombs.

Over 700,000 British and French Troops lost their lives defending the city.

November, 1916, for a piece of valueless land, within a 7X18 mile radius, The Battle of Somme was the bloodiest battle

ever recorded.

France and Great Britain lost more than 800,000 men in 140 days. Germany lost

540,000. Within the first week over a million and a half of ammunition was

fired.

Battle on the Eastern Front

Tannenberg Battle

August 1914

The Battle of the Masurian Lakes5 and 15 September 1914

Gallipoli CampaignThe allies attempt to steal the Ottoman

Capital of Istanbul which would better supply Russia with materials.

The Allies lost over 500,000 soldiers before retreating from Istanbul.The Turks lost about the same.

Lawrence of Arabia

However; the Allies were still determined to destroy the Ottoman Empire.

So…Great Britain just supplied the Turk’sEnemies (The Arabs) with weapons

To help Arab militia groupsoverthrow

their Turkish rulers.If the Turkish Empire, weakenedThen maybe they will be easier

To beat.

With the help of the Arab Nations, the Allies were Successful in taking over:

ISREAL, BAGHDAD and DAMASCUS.

Constantinople?

But were not able to help supply Russia.

Russia got a huge beating from Germany.

5.5 million Russians lost their lives or were wounded. They were hungry and revolted against their royal leader, Czar Nicholas II.

They murdered him and his family.

The people rejoiced when he left.

In 1917, Vladimir Lenin seized power and settled a truce with Germany.

His slogan was “Give them Peace and Bread”

The Romanov Family of Russia

Czar Nicolas

Alexandra

Due to their loss, Russia had to hand over land to Germany.

Because Europe was in desperate need for allies, after Russia surrendered,

the U.S. was forced to join them.

Three Years of fighting took place

before America joined the

Triple Entente in 1917.

By the time they entered, Europe had

lost more men in those three years

than in their previous 300 years of war.

That is a whole lot of PEOPLE!

Where was the U.S.??

Military Casualties in World War I 1914-1918

Belgium 45,550British Empire 942,135France 1,368,000Greece 23,098Italy 680,000Japan 1,344Montenegro 3,000Portugal 8,145Romania 300,000Russia 1,700,000Serbia 45,000United States 6,516Austria-Hungary 1,200,000Bulgaria 87,495Germany 1,935,000Ottoman Empire 725,000

In 4 years:

Nearly 8.5 million soldiers died during WWI.

21 million were wounded

Countless civilians lost lives, due to starvation, disease (20 million died of the Flu)

$338 billion was spent

Thousands of acres of farmland, homes, and businesses burned and destroyed

Billions of dollars to rebuild

4 years of production stopped