1. Find the amount, in moles, of solute dissolved in a 4 dm3 of a 2 mol dm3 solution?

2. Find the concentration, in moldm-3, for 0.5 moles dissolved in 250cm3 of solution

3. Find the mass concentration, in gdm-3 of 3.56 x 10-3 of H2SO4, dissolved in 25cm3 of solution.

1. Find the amount, in moles, of solute dissolved in a 4 dm3 of a 2 mol dm3 solution? = 2 x 4 = 8 moles

2. Find the concentration, in moldm-3, for 0.5 moles dissolved in 250cm3 of solution? = 1000/250 x 0.5=2moldm-3

3. Find the mass concentration, in gdm-3 of 3.56 x 10-3 moles of H2SO4, dissolved in 25cm3 of solution? = 3.56 x 10-3 moles x (2+32+(16x4) = 98 = 0.34888g x (1000/25) = 13.96gdm-3

Atoms and Ions

Ions in solution

Group 7

Manufacturing

Dipoles

Bonding

Halogenoalkanes

Elements of the sea

Ionic Formulae

Redox

• Discover the relationship between the position of an element in the Periodic Table and the charge on its ion,

• Write formulae for compounds formed between these ions and other given anions and cations

• Recall the meaning of the term ionisation enthalpy, write equations for the successive ionisations of an element and explain periodic and group trends in the properties of elements in terms of ionisation enthalpy;

Ionisation enthalpy• Removal of an electron ALWAYS

takes energy X(g) X+(g) + e-

• Explain this trend ......Group 7 elements

1st ionisation enthalpy/kJmol-1

F +1687Cl +1257Br +1146I +1010

Ionisation enthalpy• Decrease – why?

• Attraction of nucleus and outermost electron decreases.• More shells of e-, creating a shielding effect of the

positively charged nucleus.

CI2.5 Ionisation Enthalpy • Not just one ionisation enthalpy –

successive (remove 2e-, 3e- etc.)• Subsequential enthalpies relate to

removing 1e- from a + ion and need more energy – why?

• More + than e- - so attract more, thus need more E to remove e-

• Electron arrangement .........

Electron structure• What do you know?

Draw it/Write it/Label them ....

• The electronic arrangement of F, K and Cr

Electron structure F, K and CrF = 9 e-, 2,7

(1s2, 2s2, 2p5)K = 19 e- 2,8,8, 1

(1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2,3p6,4s1)Cr = 24 e- 2,8,13,1

(1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2,3p6,3d5 4s1)

CI2.4 Atomic Orbitals

Within these shells there are sub shells (called s,p,d and f)

– s sub shell contains 1 s atomic orbital– p sub shell contains 3 p atomic orbitals– d sub shell contains 5 d atomic orbitals– f sub shell contains 7 f atomic orbitals

Each atomic orbital contains maximum of 2 e-

CI2.4 Atomic Orbitals

• Each e- in an atomic orbital has spin in either clockwise (↑) or anti-clockwise direction (↓).

• Energy stability means 1 e- into each atomic orbital first + 4s before 3d!

CI2.4 Atomic Orbitals

• How do you think the periodic table links to this?

HOT Question

CI2.4 Atomic Orbitals

• Blocks link to the orbital occupied

Chemical Ideas 2.4 and 2.5

• Start these .....

Try this – table vs tableSome copper-containing minerals are listed below.

tenorite CuOcuprite Cu2Omalachite CuCO3.Cu(OH)2

chalcopyrite CuFeS2

(a) Give the systematic names fortenorite ........................................................................................................................cuprite .......................................................................................................................... [2] (b) Complete the electron configuration of a copper atom.

1s22s22p6 [2] (c) In the modern process for extracting copper, ore containing chalcopyrite is concentrated and then smelted. An ore contains 2.0% by mass of chalcopyrite. Calculate the percentage of copper in this ore.Give your answer to two significant figures.

Ar: Cu, 64; Fe, 56; S, 32% Cu = ...................................................... [3]

[Total 7 marks]

Review Triangle

1 -Still stuck on .....

2 – Spin of e- .....

3- Atomic orbitals ....

Best Choice – Salters A level / ES Formula, equations, amount / Concentration

Finish CI2.4

CI2.5