Traffic signal controlling through Android

smart phone, provided for only ambulance drivers

Under the guidance of Mr.C.Venkataiah

By

12091A04C0- G.N.S.MANJUNATH 13095A0419-Y.MOUNIKA12091A0461-T.MAHESH KUMAR13095A0416- N.MADHU 12091A0476-O.NAGABHUSHAN REDDY

AIM of the projectThe aim of this project is to build a traffic control

system using Android smart phone operation over wireless. The program running inside microcontroller is going to control the whole system.

Whenever driver finds more traffic in the moving route he can send a gentle touch in the application of traffic lights to the Bluetooth module which is connected to micro controller with android mobile that will be given to the microcontroller which changes the traffic signal according to the message from RED to GREEN by running embedded programming.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MICRO CONTROLLER

Bluetooth

ResetYELLOW LED’S

RED LED’S

Regulated Power Supply

GREEN LED’S

Crystal Oscillator

Android Mobile

The major building blocks of this project

Regulated power supply MicrocontrollerReset ButtonCrystal OscillatorHigh power LED as Traffic lightBluetoothAndroid

Types of processors We have many types of processors in markets in that few are given below

AT MEGA microcontroller PIC microcontroller ASIC (application specific microcontroller) DSP (digital signal processor)

Compare to all controllers PIC microcontroller have more advantages. So in this project we are using PIC controller.

Microcontroller A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog timer, serial and analog I/O etc.

Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high technology, and aerospace projects.

Microcontrollers are designed for small or dedicated applications.

PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1640 originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name PIC initially referred to “Peripheral Interface Controller”.

A PIC's instructions vary from about 35 instructions for the low-end PICs to over 80 instructions for the high-end PICs.

RAM                                               368 bytesEEPROM                                        256 bytesFlash Program Memory                  8k wordsOperating Frequency                    DC to 20MHzI/O port                                      Port A,B,C,D,E

PIC 16F877A Specification:

Advantages of microcontroller

Low cost User friendly Easily available in market We can reprogram it up to 1000 times Less power consumption

Regulated power supplyRegulated power supply

The major blocks of power supply are given below Transformer Rectifier Filter 7805 voltage regulator

Transformer

Transformer is a electromagnetic device which induces the voltage due to magnetic field present between primary and secondary windings.

It has two windings called as primary winding and secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is

9v(ac only).

In this project we are using 9v step down transformer.

We have two types of transformersI. Step up transformer.II. Step down transformer.

Step up transformer:This transformer will step up the voltage that is this

transformer will increase the voltage.

Step down transformer:This type of transformers will step down the voltage. That

is this will convert high voltage in to low voltage.

Mostly for project purpose we are using only step down transformer.

Rectifier Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc.

We have two types of rectifier.1. Full wave rectifier2. Half wave rectifier

Full wave rectifier again classified as follows1. Bridge rectifier2. Centertapped full wave rectifier

In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all rectifiers.

Specifications of DB107

Diode Type Single PhasePackage / Case DB-1Current - DC Forward (If) 1AVoltage - Peak Reverse (Max) 1000VMounting Type Through HoleLead Free Status Lead Free

FilterFilter

The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this ripple components which are present in output we are using filter.

Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the ripples present in rectified output.

Most of the power supplies are using capacitor filter to filter out the ripples present in output.

RegulatorRegulator The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.

Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain constant output irrespective of changes in input.

The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have more advantages.

We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.

V0 output voltage 5VR0 output resistance 15m ohmIsc short circuit current 230mAIpk peak current 2.2A

Regulator 7805 specifications

LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting.

Early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

Bluetooth HC-05

Bluetooth is a new standard developed by a group of electronics manufacturers that will allow any sort of electronic equipment -- from computers and cell phones to keyboards and headphones -- to make its own connections, without wires, cables or any direct action from a user.

A key difference with other existing wireless technologies is that bluetooth enables combined usability models based on functions provided by different devices.

Bluetooth HC-05 Specifications

Operating Voltage:5 volt,reduced to 3.3volts,8 mA. Default baud rate: 9600 bps. Default pin: 1234 Default name: BlueBolt. Class: 2, with up to 10 meter coverage.

It provides agreement at the physical level -- Bluetooth is a radio-frequency standard.

Provides agreement at the data link level where products have to agree on

when bits are senthow many will be sent at a timehow the parties in a conversation can be sure that the

message received is the same as the message sent

PinsOn the bottom side there are labels for the signal

direction and voltage levels:

VCC is indicated in the range of 3.6V-6V. The module worked for me both with 3.3V and 5V.

GND: GroundTXD: serial output of the module, to be connected to

RX of the microcontroller. Note that this signal is using 3.3V logic level

RXD: serial input of the module, to be connected to the TX of the microcontroller. Note that this signal is using 3.3V logic levels.

STATE: connected to LED2 of the module, but no meaning? At least on my module the pin was always low, regardless if paired or not.

““Piconet”Piconet” A collection of devices connected via

Bluetooth technology. A piconet starts with two connected devices,

and may grow to eight connected devices. All Bluetooth devices are peer units and have

identical implementations. However, when establishing a piconet, one unit will act as a Master and the other(s) as slave(s) for the duration of the piconet connection.

Android Mobile• Android's mobile

operating system is based on the Linux kernel and is the world's best-selling Smart phone.

• There are currently over 200,000 apps available for Android that are made accessible through the Android Market, which is the online app store run by Google.

• The apps are primarily written in Java.

What is AndroidWhat is Android• Android is an open source operating system,

created by Google specifically for use on mobile devices (cell phones and tablets)

• Linux based (2.6 kernel)• Can be programmed in C/C++ but most app

development is done in Java.• Supports Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 3G and 4G

networking.

PIC16f877A is a 40 pin microcontroller. It has 5 ports port A, port B, port C, port D, port E. All the pins of the ports are for interfacing input output devices.Port A: It consists of 6 pins from A0 to A5Port B: It consists of 8 pins from B0 to B7Port C: It consists of 8 pins from C0 to C7Port D: It consists of 8 pins from D0 to D7Port E: It consists of 3 pins from E0 to E2The rest of the pins are mandatory pins these should not be used to connect input/output devices.Pin 1 is MCLR (master clear pin) pin also referred as reset pin. Pin 13, 14 are used for crystal oscillator to connect to generate a frequency of about 20MHz.Pin 11, 12 and31, 32 are used for voltage supply Vdd(+)and Vss(-)

Advantages:Automatic traffic signals controlHigh efficient light can be achieved with high intensity high power LED.Android based traffic signal control in case of emergencies like ambulance, VIP vehicles etc.Usage of wireless technology like BluetoothLong life.Highly sensitive.Efficient and low cost designEasy to operate.Low power consumption.

Disadvantages:• The high power LED’s used are very sensitive•Bluetooth wireless technology supports only for limited distance.

Applications: This system can be practically implemented in real time where the vehicle density is very high at the junction roads.

The project “Traffic signal controlling through Android smart phone, provided for only ambulance drivers” was designed such that the traffic lights was automatically controlled with microcontroller using a high power light emitting diode. The system was also used to design a traffic signal controlling through android smart phone that is allowed only for ambulance drivers.

Result:

This project can be extended using GSM modem. GSM module will send the information regarding the status of traffic density and signal light information to the respective authorities.

Future Scope:

Conclusion:

Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been developed in it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s with the help of growing technology, the project has been successfully implemented. Thus the project has been successfully designed and tested.