Post on 27-Dec-2015
transcript
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Objectives:• Describe the basic structure and function of
sugars.• Name 3 saccharides and describe their
functions.• Identify a general characteristic of lipids.• Describe the structure and function of fats.• List functions of proteins.• Describe the structure of amino acids and
proteins.• Describe factors that influence protein
shape.
Organic Macromolecules
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Organic Molecules Recall molecules are two or more atoms
bonded covalently (sharing electrons).
Inorganic molecules are non-carbon based. Ex. NH3, H2O and O2.
Organic molecules are carbon based.
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Functional group are a group of atoms within a molecule that interact in predictable ways.
Functional Group
Amino group
Carboxyl groupAmino acid
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Organic Molecules Organic molecules are composed of
hundreds or millions of atoms.
Monomers are similar small molecules that link together.
Polymers are straight chains of monomers linked together.
Monomers are to polymers like letters are to words.
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Building and Breaking Polymers
Dehydration Reaction is the process of adding a monomer to a chain. When a monomer is linked, a water molecule is formed.
Hydrolysis uses water to break a polymer chain.
Water is involved in both the building and breaking of polymers.
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The Task You are responsible for learning about three
of the four organic macromolecules.
There are options:• Puzzle• PPT• Textbook
We will determine which option you will use to obtain your notes.
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Read through the notes and fill in the following information for each molecule:
• Definition• Element Composition• Examples• Function in Body• Monomer• Simple Polymer• Complex Polymer
PowerPoint Notes
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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates serve as quick energy
and short-term energy storage. They play a structural role in plants,
bacteria, and insects. Monomers of carbohydrates are the
monosaccharides: glucose fructose
galactose
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Larger polysaccharides are made from linking many glucose molecules together through condensation synthesis.
Examples of polysaccharides: Starch
glycogen
cellulose
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Lipids
Lipids serve as long-term energy stores in cells, form membranes, and serve as hormones and insulation.
Lipids do not dissolve in water.
Fats and oils are formed from a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.
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Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons ending in - COOH
Fatty acids may be saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids.
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Other lipids are steroids.
Examples include cholesterol, and the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone.
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Proteins
Proteins perform many functions in cells.
Proteins:
Serve as structural proteins
Act as enzymes to speed reactions
Serve as transport carriers
Act as antibodies
Allow materials to cross cell membranes