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Copyright © Community Dynamics, South Africa
Soil Improvement
By
Ian Mitchell-Innes
Water Cycle
Mineral Cycle
• Tools• Testing Guidelines• Planning Procedures• Monitor
Holistic Goal
Whole Under Management
Energy Flow
Community Dynamics
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FINANCIAL WEAK LINK
IF3
The Whole
Soil
Grass
Animal
Animal performance
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IF3 Ian Mitchell-Innes, 10/1/2009
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THE SOIL
THE ANIMALTHE GRAZING
ANIMAL PERFORMANCE
God’s creation
The closer we work with NatureThe better the chance we have
of succeeding
God’s Creation
• Large herds
• Predator Prey relationship
• Density
• Animal impact
• Selection
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All wealth comes from the Sun
•ENERGY is MONEY
•MONEY is ENERGY
•TIME is MONEY•And
•WATER is MONEY
Oxygen Productionfrom Carbon Dioxide (CO2) & Water (H2O)
The Plant
H2O
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Soil Food Web Structure
through SuccessionIncreasing
Productivity
F:B = .01F:B = 0.1
F:B = 0.3 to 0.5
F:B = 0.75
F:B = 1.1F:B = 2.1 to 5.1
F:B = 5.1 to 100.1
F:B = 100.1 to 1000.1
Bare Parent Material100% Bacterial
CyanobacteriaTrue BacteriaProtozoaFungiNematodes
“Weeds”- High Nitrates- Lack of Oxygen
Early Grasses
Mid-GrassesVegetables
Late SuccessionalGrasses & Row Crops
Shrubs, Vines, Bushes, Cotton
Deciduous Trees
Coniferous TreesOld-Growth Forests
Electric fence
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Inclusion Zone
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©2008 Rodale instituteSource: Conservation Research Institute
Oxygen? Disease? Microbes?
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COMMUNITY DYNAMICS (Succession)
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SIMPLE COMMUNITYGREAT FLUCTUATION
BARE SOIL
SOIL SURFACE
COMPLEX COMMUNITYSTABILITY
Degree of variation in populations
SOIL SURFACE CONDITION IS KEY
COVERED SOIL
• PLANT VOLUME & HEIGHT INCREASES
• MICRO-ORGANISMS BUILD SOIL STRUCTURE & DEPTH
• AGE STRUCTURE IS MORE BALANCED
Copyright © Community Dynamics, South Africa
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BIOCHEMICAL SEQUENCE OF NUTRITION IN PLANTS
PERIODIC
TABLE
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2
3
4
5 6
7
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Soil Food Web Structure
through SuccessionIncreasing
Productivity
F:B = .01F:B = 0.1
F:B = 0.3 to 0.5
F:B = 0.75
F:B = 1.1F:B = 2.1 to 5.1
F:B = 5.1 to 100.1
F:B = 100.1 to 1000.1
Bare Parent Material100% Bacterial
CyanobacteriaTrue BacteriaProtozoaFungiNematodes
“Weeds”- High Nitrates- Lack of Oxygen
Early Grasses
Mid-GrassesVegetables
Late SuccessionalGrasses & Row Crops
Shrubs, Vines, Bushes, Cotton
Deciduous Trees
Coniferous TreesOld-Growth Forests
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