Post on 27-Mar-2015
transcript
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
By Michael Bellamy and Jacob Lee Mrs. Garrett’s Class
Phenix City Intermediate School
Phenix City, Alabama
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Background Information• Cardiac output is how many milliliters of blood your
heart pumps in one minute.• Blood carries oxygen to your brain and muscles.
Oxygen is used by your body for movement and other functions, such as digestion.
• The heart, lungs, and blood vessels work differently on Earth and in space, so this means that the cardiac output will be different on Earth and in space.
• The human body needs more oxygen to fuel the muscles when it exercises.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Objective
• Recording and analyzing data, using the scientific method to investigate a problem, and multiplying whole numbers.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Things that Affect your Heart• Cardiac output helps determine your heart and
cardiovascular system’s health.• Your cardiac output can be changed if you smoke,
drink, or use any other drug. These things will make your heart rate decrease, therefore, causing irregular breathing and heart problems.
• If you exercise regularly, your heart will grow stronger, and your cardiac output will increase. This could have a positive affect on your body and you would have less risk of heart problems.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Question
• How are cardiac output and exercise related, and how does being in space affect your body during exercise?
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Stroke Volume
• Stroke volume is the amount of blood pushed through the heart during each heartbeat.
• It is measured in milliliters per beat.• It normally remains at about 75 milliliters per beat.• In a head-down tilt position, the stroke volume
increases to about 90 milliliters per beat, because fluids rush to the upper part of the body and then the heart has more blood to force out with each beat.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Hypothesis
Our hypothesis is that in space, our cardiac output will be greater than it is on Earth, because the heart would work with greater effort and fewer results.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Materials
• Watch or clock with a second hand
• Chair
• Data sheet
• Calculator (if wanted)
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Locating Your Pulse
• To locate your pulse, you put your index finger and your middle finger on the carotid artery, located on the side of your neck.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Procedure (Part 1)
• Sitting in a chair, take your resting heart rate. (Take pulse for 10 seconds, then multiply by 6.)
• Record resting heart rate in data chart.• Calculate resting cardiac output by multiplying stroke volume
times heart rate. Use 75 ml/beat for stroke volume. (Cardiac output = stroke volume X heart rate)
• Record resting cardiac output.• Stand and do 25 jumping jacks.• Take your heart rate immediately after exercise. Record data.• Calculate your cardiac output after exercise. Record data.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Procedure (Part 2)• Lay your chair down and take your resting pulse.• Next, take your pulse and multiply it by six to get
your heart rate.• Then take your answer and multiply it by ninety,
which is your stroke volume, and get your space simulation estimate.
• After this, make your exercise estimate by making a jumping jack motion twenty-five times in the reclining position, take your pulse, and calculate as you did before.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Ten Second pulse count
10 sec times 6 equals one minute
Heart Rate
(beat/min)
Stroke Volume
(ml/beat)
Cardiac Output
(ml/min)
Michael
After sitting
22 X 6 132 X 75 = 9,990
Michael
After exercise
32 X 6 192 X 75 = 15,750
Jacob
After sitting
13 X 6 78 X 75 = 5,850
Jacob
After exercise
31 X 6 186 X 75 = 13,950
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Results• Next, we simulated the activity as if we were in space. • We did this by calculating in a head tilt position, but
instead of using 75, we used 90 for our stroke volume. • These results are exceptionally higher than our last
results! • In our simulated space, we used the same methods as
we did with the normal test. Although it was a little tricky to do a head tilt exercise, we got solid results.
• Our results were up to 22 liters per beat in a head tilt exercise position than in a regular position.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
10 sec pulse count
10 sec times 6 equals one minute
Heart rate (beats/min)
Stroke Volume (ml/beat)
Cardiac Output (ml/min)
Michael
After head down
31 X 6 = 186 X 90 = 16,740
Michael
After head down exercise
34 X 6 = 204 X 90 = 18,360
Jacob
After head down
24 X 6 = 144 X 90 = 12,960
Jacob
After head down exercise
41 X 6 = 246 X 90 = 22,140
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Surprising Results
• It’s surprising how much blood your heart pumps a minute. For instance, one of us pumped nearly 22 liters of blood in a minute after exercising.
• The heart is a very powerful muscle indeed!!!
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Conclusion
• During this experiment, we learned a lot about the heart and how powerful it is.
• We now know that in space your heart has to work much harder.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Importance
• This knowledge could be applied to medical science in a way that cardiologists can estimate how much time astronauts can stay in space at one time.
• This experiment can save lives by recording information on the heart and cardiac output, which could provide information for the VAD, which is the name of the rocket pump part that works with the heart to save lives while you wait for a heart donor.
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Investigating with Fellow Students
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Investigating with Fellow Students
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Students’ Comments •I enjoyed today’s presentation. I got tired, but I had fun. -Joah
•I learned that you find your cardiac output by your pulse. I learned that its different in space and after exercise. -Jerica
•I learned how to find my pulse. –Jaycie
•The best part was doing the exercises and then Math. – Terrence
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Having Fun
• Not only did they exercise their bodies, they exercised their vocal cords!
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
Resources
• We got this investigation from
nasaexplorers.com.
• Presentation from Microsoft Office (PowerPoint)
• Pictures from Google
• Pump Your Blood song:http://www.macjams.com/filemgmt/jam.php?lid=6756
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005
2005 Student SymposiumPhenix City Intermediate
May 14-17, 2005