Cranes

Arriving on Site

Identify ProcessDanger AreasStarting PointPPE

Mobile Crane

Inspection Process

Do Inspection

Visual evaluationof crane operationwalking up to site

Problems or Imminent Danger? YesNoEvaluate

Ownership

GeneralContractor

Sub-Contractor

Do Inspection

Do Inspection

Specializingin crane work?

YesNo

No Inspection

Inspection

Crane Inspection OutlineVisual Evaluation of the WorkIs the crane operating smoothly?Is there an oiler?Is the set up level?Are the outriggers fully extended?Are all outriggers on the ground?

General Contractor QuestionsDo you own the crane? Who owns the crane?

If general contractor owns crane, inspect and continue with questions belowIf Subcontractor owns crane, open with them and determine whether an inspection

of the crane is necessaryHow long has the crane been onsite?How long is it going to be here?Is the operator doing the calculations?Is the operator responding to signals?Is the operator operating the crane safely?When does the operator have a break or lunch? Is it scheduled?

Inspect the crane when the operator has a break, at the slowest part of the day, or when the process is complete.

Inspection on ConvenienceWalk around craneAre signs posted? Is the boom marked? Evaluate the rigging

Evaluate driver’s cabIs the operator’s manual in the cabReview manual to find out about crane operation

Do tires need to be in the air?What is the weight the crane is lifting?

Short outriggers?Does the front foot need to be down?

Is there a fire extinguisher?What is the condition of the glass?

Crane Inspection Outline

Evaluate operator’s cabCheck to see the boom angle indicator is working (either on boom or in operator’s cab)Are outriggers locked?Are there load charts?Is there a fire extinguisher?Are the controls marked?Check for anti-two block/warning deviceCheck housekeepingIs there agreement on hand signals and are they posted?What is the condition of the windshield and wipers?Check to see there are inspection records - daily, weekly, monthlyAre there maintenance records?Does the operator have a license to operate the crane? 5 ton or greater?No deficiencies, don’t go into sheaves

Crane Inspection Outline

If deficiencies:Check sheavesCheck lines Is anti-two block operable?Is the deck free from grease and oil?Are there counterweights? Do they have stickers?How is the equipment rigged?

Spliced together through shackles? Is nylon used on sharp edges?Are spreader bars/cables all stamped?

Check outrigger pads Check cribbing Is the ball secured when traveling? Headache ball and main block?Is swing break and house lock locked?

Crane Inspection Outline

Crane Inspection OutlineTalk to Oiler

Have signals been worked out with operator?What are they?

Certification/TrainingDoes the operator have a card?Have they had hands on training?Have they had ongoing training?What are the hours?

Cranes

• Types– rubber-mounted– track– rough-terrain– tower

Crane

Components

steel erectionsetting walls & trussesbridgesequipment installation

Process

Cranes

floor systempouring concrete

Process

Cranes

What does the site look like?What is being lifted?

Pre-planning

Cranes

What kind of crane is available?

Pre-planning

Cranes

How close can the operator get to what is being lifted?

Pre-planning

Cranes

What is the line of travel?

Pre-planning

Cranes

Shakeout area

Shakeout area

site preparationpositioning of cranemaintaining clearances

Set-up

Cranes

assembling & disassembling crane

stabilityuse of outriggers

Set-up

Cranes

dunnage/cribbinglifting on rubber leveling the crane

Set-up

Cranes

overloading the crane will cause the crane to tip or fall

Load chart

Cranes

safe lifting capacity of the crane is determined by applying and interpreting load charts

Load chart

Cranes

parts of line

configuration

areas of operation

boom length

load radius

boomangle

capacity deduction

ratedcapacity

net capacity

Lifting Capacity

The crane should be assembled according to the

manufacturer’s requirements for the load chart used

1. Configuration

over the side

over the front

over the back

2. Areas of operation

over the side

3. Boom length

The horizontal distance from the center of the crane to the center of gravity of the load with the load suspended.

4. Load radius

5. Boom angle

Rated capacitySum of the weight of the lift, attachments, rigging, hooks etc.

Net capacityLift that can be made

6. Capacities

7. Capacity deduction

• crane not set up properly/level• crane not in good condition • high winds• side loading

7. Capacity deduction

• increase in load radius• dynamic loading• shock loading• high speed production

8. Parts of the line

Dynamic Load

Static Load

stationary

Lift stopped

Lift

low

ered

caused by the sudden movement in the load

Dynamic load

Cranes

weight of the gross load when the load is stationary

Static load

Cranes

Dynamic Load

Static Load

stationary

Lift stopped

Lift

low

ered

qualified person to direct operator

Signals

Cranes

signals need to be uniform throughout company and clearly understood

Signals

Cranes

special signals can be used when conditions exist that are not covered

Signals

Cranes

Cranes

• Rigging types– slings– block– hook– spreader bar

– shackles– softeners– tag lines

Rigging inspection

Rigging inspection

Personnel platforms

Safety Hazards

falling objectsfall protectioncaught-between

Cranes

Safety Hazards

struck-bytipped craneelectrical

Cranes

Health Hazards

noisedustvehicle exhaust

Cranes

Ergonomics

forceful exertionsawkward posturesvibration

Cranes

Cranes

• Worker PPE– hard hats– fall protection– eye & hearing

protection