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Volume 8, Issue 2
Maine’s History Magazine
The Founding Of
Sigma Kappa
Sorority has long-standing ties to Maine
Honoring Clair Goodblood
Veteran of “the forgotten war”
Wallace Nutting: American Preservationist Extraordinaire
Minister, photographer found inspiration in Maine’s history
FreeFree
DISCOVERDISCOVER
MAINE2011
www.discovermainemagazine.com
Greater Kennebec Greater Kennebec
Valley RegionValley Region
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine2
~ Inside This Edition ~4 Charles Heywood
The boy Colonel from Watervilleby James Nalley
8 Del Bissonette: “Goin To The Show”Winthrop baseball player had a colorful careerby James Nalley
11 Gardiner’s Johnson HallDetermination and desire of the community has kept the hall aliveby James Nalley
14 Hussey’s General Store“If we ain’t got it, you don’t need it”by Penny S. Harmon
17 Wallace Nutting: American Preservationist ExtraordinaireMinister, photographer found inspiration in Maine’s beautyby Charles Francis
20 John L. Stevens: The Golden Hour Is NearFirst owner of The Kennebec Journal and foreign minister to the Kingdom of Hawaiiby James Nalley
23 Henry Herbert Goddard And The KallikaksVassalboro psychologist recognized as the father of intelligence testing in Americaby Charles Francis
25 Togus SpringsOne man’s folly becomes a home for veteransby Penny S. Harmon
29 Graveyard Hunting In GardinerWhat stories are told on those old headstonesby Penny S. Harmon
32 The Genealogy Corner: Tracing Mayflower Ancestryby Charles Francis
35 The Story Of Hazzard ShoeA famous name in shoes throughout the Northeastby Charles Francis
38 The Founding Of Sigma KappaSorority has long-standing ties to Maineby Charles Francis
42 Maine’s Own Lanteigne FamilyFive generations call Maine homeby Aimee Lanteigne
46 What Happened To The Judge?Judge with summer home in Belgrade disappeared in 1920by Penny S. Harmon
48 Freeman KnowlesFlaming Socialist by way of Harmonyby Charles Francis
54 The Waterville JuggernautUnlikely contender in 1944 New England tournamentby Charles Francis
58 The Cascade Woolen MillEnd of an eraby James Nalley
61 Honoring Clair Goodblood, Medal Of Honor RecipientVeteran of “the forgotten war”by Charles Francis
66 A Tale Of Two TeamsLawrence and Skowhegan High School girls of 1991 and 1912by Aimee Lanteigne
71 Sebastian Rale: I Pray My Work Will Save These Souls”Jesuit missionary directed the Abenaki mission on the Kennebec Riverby James Nalley
75 Walking Through Railroading History In Northwestern MaineTrain lover has collected much memorabiliaby Ian MacKinnon
77 Camp SpencerNorth woods POW camp used prisoners for lumber productionby Erick T. Gatcomb
79 Directory Of AdvertisersSee who helps us bring Maine’s history to you!
Published Annually by CreMark, Inc.
10 exchange Street, Suite 208Portland, Maine 04101
(207) 874-7720
info@discovermainemagazine.comwww.discovermainemagazine.com
PublisherJim Burch
Designer & editorMichele Farrar
Advertising & Sales ManagerCesario Rodriguez
Advertising & SalesTim MaxfieldCraig PalmacciEric Stinson
Office ManagerLiana Merdan
Field RepresentativesGeorge TatroAndrew Burch
Contributing WritersCharles Francis
fundy67@yahoo.caErick T. GatcombPenny S. HarmonAimee LanteigneIan MacKinnonJames Nalley
Discover MaineMagazine
Greater Kennebec
Valley Region
Front cover photo:Trolley station at Vassalboro
(File #112657 from the Eastern Illustrating & PublishingCo. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org)
All photos in Discover Maine’s Greater Kennebec Valley edition show Maine as it used to be, and many
are from local citizens who love this part of Maine.
Photos are also provided from our collaborationwith the Maine Historical Society and the
Penobscot Marine Museum
Discover Maine Magazine is distributed to fraternal organizations, shopping centers,
libraries, newsstands, grocery and convenience stores, hardware stores, lumber companies, motels, restaurants
and other locations throughout this part of Maine.
NO PART of this publication may be reproduced without written permission
from CreMark, Inc. Copyright © 2011, CreMark, Inc.
SubSCRIPTION FORM ON PAGe 65
Maps supplied by Galeyrie Maps &Frames, and are available for reprint at Galeyrie.com. See their ad on page 25.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 3
Notes From The Fayette Ridgeby Michele Farrar
Acouple of years ago I dropped mysatellite TV service. I had been laid offfrom one of my jobs, and had to cut
expenses. It was a bit of a shock at first — Ireally enjoy television. It didn’t take me long
to get creative, however. Iknew there were many showsavailable on the internet, aswell as several options forwatching movies “instantly.”
So I decided to hook mylaptop up to my TV. Soundseasy, I thought. I went online
to find out what I needed for equipment.After browsing many informational articles, Ifinally found what I needed, and ordered thepart. When it arrived two days later, I spentsome more time browsing internet videos thatprovided instructions on how to connecteverything. Several hours later, I was watchingstreaming video on my television.
My old friend Bob, who lives up here on theridge, came over one evening after I was allhooked up. We watched several networkshows. Many shows are available online, butyou have to wait until the next day to watchthem. No problem. Sunday shows becomeMonday shows, Monday shows become Tues-
day shows, etc. The first thing Bob noticedwas the length of the shows. A 30-minuteshow was now 22 minutes. A 60-minute showwas now 43 minutes. Some sites have com-mercial breaks, but it’s usually two 30-secondcommercials in the spot. Some servers withpaid subscriptions offer no commercials at all.Bob was thrilled.
About a year after making the transition tointernet TV, I took a trip to Virginia with mydaughter. We stayed in a hotel and watched“regular” TV. To our amazement, we werenearly unable to follow a show because of theincredible amount of commercial interrup-tions. We started keeping track. The predom-inant pattern was eight minutes of show, fiveminutes of commercials. We scratched ourheads and realized we had “unlearned” howto keep it all straight. We couldn’t wait to getback to our internet TV.
Of course, you can now watch televisionshows through DVR (or it could be DVD,DVD±R, DVD±RW, DVD-RAM — who be-sides a technician could keep all that straight?),which, although I’ve never had it, I believe al-lows you to skip commercials.
Recently I visited my friend Penny in Mas-sachusetts. We spent much of the weekend
watching TV. It’s hard not to do this at herhouse. She has a giant HD TV (I think it’ssomething like 56 inches), and she has everyoption available. There’s a premium cablepackage, “On Demand,” a Blu-Ray player, andsome other stuff I just don’t understand. Shehas three remote controls on the coffee table.One night after she went to bed, I spent about30 minutes trying to switch from a movie backto “regular” TV. I made it halfway there — Iwas unable to figure out the guide, so I couldonly “surf ” one channel at a time. The wholeexperience made my internet TV look fairlyprimitive. Yet, I was anxious to get back to thesimplicity of it.
When I got home, my friend Bob came overand I told him all about it. He has basic satel-lite and doesn’t watch much TV anyway. (Uphere on the ridge, satellite is your only option.There is no cable or fiber optics.) We found ashow from a couple of years ago that neitherof us had seen (most likely because it aired atthe same time as something else we liked), andwe had a marathon, watching 23 episodes overseveral days. Come open water fishing season,this will not happen. But for now, while thewoodstove is still burning and we’ve got the“winter lazies,” it’s most enjoyable.
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
On March 8, 1862 a newly appointed captain in theU.S. Marine Corps was commanding the aft gundeck division on the U.S.S. Cumberland, a wooden
sail-powered vessel for the Union Navy. The ship was one ofmany patrolling Virginia’s James River near Hampton Roadsin search of Confederate vessels. After the ironclad C.S.S.
Virginia was spotted, the U.S.S. Cumberland was the first toengage the dangerous vessel with full force. Unable to steeraway in time, it was rammed by the C.S.S. Virginia and begantaking on water. As the sailors desperately abandoned the ship,the 23-year-old captain from Waterville, Maine, continued tofire the guns at the enemy ship, damaging its armor plates andsmokestack. At the last possible moment, he dove off thestern as the massive Union ship disappeared into the water.Subsequently promoted to major for his actions, the 23-yearold from Waterville would eventually become an influentialU.S. Marine Corps Commandant who helped transform thebranch of service into what it is today.
Charles Heywood was born in Waterville on October 3,
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Charles HeywoodThe boy Colonel from Waterville
by James Nalley
Col. Charles Heywood
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
1839. At the age of 18, when most youngmen would have graduated high school,Heywood was appointed as a second lieu-tenant in the U.S. Marine Corps and begana 45-year career as a decorated officer.From his appointment until the outbreakof the U.S. Civil War, he was stationed inWashington D.C. at the Marine Barracks,the New York Navy Yard, and performedspecial duties aboard the U.S.S. Niagara,and the U.S.S. St. Louis, where it wasbased in Panama, Central America. ByMarch 1861 he was assigned to the U.S.S.
Cumberland, and served with the ship inthe strategic destruction of the Navy Yardat Norfolk, Virginia, and at the Battle ofHampton Roads, where he performed hiscourageous act against the C.S.S. Virginia.
On August 5, 1864 the Union fleet (ledby Rear Admiral David Farragut) attackeda smaller Confederate fleet and three dif-ferent forts at the entrance to Mobile Bayin Alabama. In that strategic engagementknown as the Battle of Mobile Bay, MajorHeywood was in charge of two nine-inchguns and earned a special commendation
for his “distinguished gallantry in thepresence of the enemy.” After he receivedyet another promotion, this time to thebrevet rank of Lieutenant Colonel, heearned the nickname of “The BoyColonel,” according to Jack Shulimson inthe 2004 book, Commandants of the Marine
Corps.
After the U.S. Civil War ended, Hey-wood served as Admiral Farragut’s FleetMarine Officer, and received his “official”rank of major in 1876. During peacetime,he was assigned to a number of posts thatranged from Brooklyn, New York, to asfar west as Mare Island, California. Heeven commanded the Marine Barracks inWashington D.C., as well as 800 Marineswho were vital to the opening of thePanama Canal. In 1888 he was officiallypromoted to Lieutenant Colonel, andwithin three years was appointed toColonel and the 9th Commandant of theMarine Corps.
It was in this role as Commandant thatHeywood would become most influentialfor the U.S. Marine Corps as an important
branch of service. According to MarineCorps military history, “The energy, expe-rience and training which he had shownand obtained in his early days in the Ma-rine Corps were fully brought into playfrom the moment he assumed commandof the Corps.” Noticing that the MarineCorps were highly undermanned withonly 75 officers and 2,100 enlisted men,he filed his complaint into his annual re-port for the Secretary of Navy. In a No-vember 24, 1892, New York Times article,Heywood stated that, “the present smallforce is called upon for such varied em-ployment that it has been impossibleproperly to guard the Government prop-erty at navy yards, and the men are verymuch overworked, it being very rare thatthey have a day off while the men in thearmy never have less than five days offduty.” His annual complaints eventuallypaid off and the size of the Marine Corpswent from approximately 2,100 enlistedmen to 7,800, and the number of posts in-creased from 12 to 21 by the end of his tenure.
DiscoverMaine 5
(Continued on page 6)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Aside from the need for more man-power, he also created an improved sys-tem for promotion and commendationthat included officers’ training schools,regular examinations for promotion, andspecial medals such as the Marine CorpsGood Conduct Medal (which he de-signed). He also improved the overallfunction of the Marine Corps within theNavy and established better alignment ofranking systems between the two. In anOctober 29, 1901 article in the New York
Times, “He calls attention to the fact thatall the Bureau Chiefs of the Navy De-partment have the rank of Rear Admiral,which corresponds to that of Major Gen-eral in the army… and he requests thatCongress shall make the rank of theCommandant of the Marine Corps thatof Major General… (otherwise it) is em-barrassing to the position which would re-sult in his own promotion.” As predicted,he was immediately promoted and had be-come the first Major General in the U.S.Marine Corps. He served out his tenure
until his retirement on October 3, 1903.Eleven years later on February 26, 1915
Heywood died in Washington D.C., fromcomplications due to heart disease, andwas buried with full military honors at Ar-lington National Cemetery. Today, theheadquarters for The Basic School at
Quantico Marine Corps Base in Virginiais appropriately named Heywood Hall andstands in honor of the “Boy Colonel”from Waterville who helped transform theU.S. Marine Corps into one of the top
military forces in American history.
DiscoverMaine6
(Continued from page 5)
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the atherton Furniture Store on main Street in Waterville is shown
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item #12828 from the collections of the maine Historical Society
and www.Vintagemaineimages.com
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 7
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main Street, monmouth. item #108109 from the eastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and
www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
It was May 5, 1928, and the Brooklyn Robins(the future Dodgers) were playing the NewYork Giants. As the crowd cheered, a
Brooklyn rookie first baseman stepped up to theplate with the bases loaded at the top of theninth inning. This man was Del Bissonette fromWinthrop, Maine, and he was one of the topplayers in the National League, with an impres-sive batting average of .320 with 25 home runs in155 games, according to Baseball Almanac. As hetapped the bat on home plate, Giants managerJohn McGraw ordered pitcher Larry Benton tointentionally walk Bissonette. As he approachedfirst base, he had become only the third MajorLeague player to be intentionally walked with thebases loaded. This young rookie had a promisingcareer but after a heartbreaking injury, he wentfrom being a top player at “The Show” to a struggling minorleague player and coach for the rest of his career.
Del Bissonette, formally known as Delphia Louis Bissonette,
was born on September 6, 1899, in Winthrop.After spending some time at Westbrook Semi-nary, the University of New Hampshire, andGeorgetown University, he was noticed by base-ball scouts and signed his first professional base-ball contract at the age of 23 with the EasternCanadian League Class-B team, the ValleyfieldCap de la Madeleine. Recognized as a left-handedbatter and strong-armed first baseman, he was anatural hitter and accomplished high batting av-erages with great ease. By 1925, he signed withthe Class-A New York Penn League and batted a.381 average to the coaches’ amazement.
In 1927 at the age of 28, Bissonette signedwith the AA International League to play for the
Buffalo Bisons. It was on that team that he ex-celled enough where the National League’s Brook-
lyn Robins (Dodgers) noticed him. According to statistics byBaseball Almanac, by the time he signed a contract with the MajorLeague team the following year, he led the AA
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine8
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Del Bissonette: “Goin’ To The Show”Winthrop baseball player had a colorful career
by James Nalley
Del bissonette
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 9
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International League with 168 runs, 229hits, 46 doubles, 20 triples, 167 RBIs, and31 home runs, all with a batting averageof .367.
As a rookie National League player, Bis-sonette continued to excel by hitting 25home runs in only 155 games with a bat-ting average of .320. A threat toany experienced pitcher (even as arookie), it was not a surprisewhen the Giants intentionallywalked him at such a crucial pointin the May 1928 game. Althoughhis batting average was down dur-ing the 1929 season, he was still awardedthe Gold Glove Award as a first baseman.By the 1930 season, he rebounded byscoring 113 runs with an overall battingaverage of .336. Unfortunately, that sea-son would prove to be his last productiveone as a Major League baseball player.
By the end of the 1931 season, Bis-sonette seemed to be in a slump. But as inthe past, he always rebounded by turningin high numbers and averages the follow-ing year. But he suffered a major tendon
injury that would sideline him for thecomplete 1932 season. With medical tech-nology not as sophisticated as it is for ath-letics today, he struggled to rehabilitateand his numbers continued to suffer. Dur-ing the middle of the 1933 season, he wassent back to the International League,
devastated but holding a five-seasonMajor League batting average of .305 witha total of 66 home runs. After severalyears in the International League and anuncertain future, Bissonette, under ad-visement from coaches, turned to manag-ing in the minor leagues instead.
In 1942 (after five years as a manager),Bissonette signed on as manager with theClass-A Hartford Club of the EasternLeague, which was the farm team of theBoston Braves. Using his experience, he
helped manage the team to 99 wins andthe 1944 Eastern League season pennant.Noticed by the head office of the BostonBraves, he was promoted to a coachingjob with the National League team. Hisfuture once again looked promising.
Bissonette served as a coach for 93games under the leadership ofmanager Bob Coleman during the1945 season. But with the Bravesstruggling in seventh place in theNational League, Bissonette re-ceived his big break: Coleman wassuddenly fired and Bissonette re-
placed him as manager for the remainderof the season. Unfortunately, the team,under his management, won only 25 moregames and lost a total of 34, whichprompted the owners to look elsewherefor Bissonette’s replacement. After theBraves hired Billy Southworth of the St.Louis Cardinals in 1946, Bissonette wassent to the Pittsburgh Pirates as a coachfor just one year. By 1947 he returned tomanage in the minor leagues with the
(Continued on page 10)
By the time he signed a contract with the Major Leagues in 1928, Bissonette led the AA
International League with 168 runs, 229 hits, 46 doubles, 20 triples, 167 RBIs, and 31 home runs,
all with a batting average of .367.
Portland Pilots with varying success andeven reached the AAA Toronto MapleLeafs in 1949. But he never managed aMajor League game again and eventuallyretired into relative obscurity.
Years later on a sunny day in June 1972,as the Major League baseball seasonmoved into its summer portion, Del Bis-sonette died from a self-inflicted gunshotwound in Augusta, and was buried atGlenside Cemetery in Winthrop. Perhapshe had reached his top of the ninth andwas ready to walk.
As stated in the Fireside Book of Baseball,
a short limerick by L.H. Addington im-mortalizes Del Bissonette, the all-timeleader in home runs for a baseball playerborn in Maine:
The Dodgers have Del Bissonette;
No meal has he ever missed yet;
The question that rises
Is one that surprises:
Who paid for all Del Bissonette?
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine10
(Continued from page 9)
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the lodge at Jackson’s Camps on lake Cobboseecontee.
item #114725 from the eastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 11
Joe Curran Building
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Custom HomeBuilding
Remodeling
Renovation
215 Pittston Road • Whitefield, Maine 04353
Joe Curran, owner/operator
Fully Insured Nearly 15 years of experience
Performances, live music, theater, camps, community events, and more in
renovated first floor.
Performing Arts Center
280 Water Street • Gardiner, ME
207-582-7144
Historic 1864 Opera House
www.johnsonhall.org
Wendall’slaWn Care
Wendall Collins: Owner
• Over 15 years experience •
• small engine repair •
• small rototilling •
724-2125 • Cell: 215-2018West Gardiner, Me
Stamp-N-ScrapA Touch of Unique
^ Rubber Stamps
^ Scrapbook Supplies
^ Dream Weaver Stencils
^ Homemade Paper
^ Quilling Supplies
^ Classes
Decorate Your Books Or Journals -
We Have The Supplies!
207-582-45449 Old Brunswick Road
Gardiner, Maine(Across from Gardiner Federal
Credit Union)
hComplete Auto, Truck & Heavy equipment Repair
hEngine Diagnostics hAlignments & TireshAuto Air Conditioning hLube-Oil-Filter
hState Inspection Station
582-1500839 Brunswick Ave. (Route 201) hGardiner, Maine
FFleetleet SServiceervice“Don’t let the name fool you!”
On Tuesday, December 6, 1864, aGrand Ball was held in down-town Gardiner, Maine. Approx-
imately 500 guests attended the specialevening that consisted of a sumptuousdinner, live musical entertainment, and adance that went late into the evening. Ithad been a particularly difficult year forthe townspeople, and the evening pro-vided a welcoming and temporary retreat.The American Civil War was about toenter its fourth year with no end in sight,and the death toll of Gardiner’s volunteerUnion soldiers had reached 475. Locatedon Water Street, the venue was JohnsonHall, and afterwards it would continue tooffer a variety of entertainment for almosta century.
The building was a former livery stablelocated next door to the Johnson House
Hotel, which was owned by BenjaminJohnson, a longtime resident of Gardiner.After his announcement was made tobuild a facility for large gatherings andevents, he promptly had the stable re-moved and ordered the construction of afour-story brick building that could ac-commodate up to 1,200 people. Accord-ing to the Gardiner Home Journal’s
advertisement about the hall, it was astate-of-the-art venue complete with “hall,balconies, stage, dressing rooms, banquetroom, ticket office, and entrances fromboth Water and Mechanic Streets.”
Since the upper two floors consisted ofthe hall with all of its amenities, the for-mer stable and first floor of the buildingprovided additional revenue for Johnsonby serving as retail stores. After 1884 thevariety of stores ranged from dry goods
and pianos to sewing machines. For addi-tional glamour and notoriety, the hall’sname was changed to the Johnson OperaHouse on October 3, 1888 and had be-come one of the most popular multi-event facilities in the state. As written inthe History of Johnson Hall by Mary AnnOffer, “Performances in the 1880s in-cluded: The Minstrels of Lynn, Massa-chusetts; Methodist Society, Old FolksConcert; The Ella Hill Big BurlesqueCompany; Monarchs of Minstrelsy, theBarlow Brothers; Irish Vocalist andDancer Pat Rooney; Abbey’s Uncle Tom’sCabin Company, among many others.”Mary Ann Offer continues by stating that,“It should be noted that burlesque per-formances were advertised as being suit-able for ladies.”
Gardiner’s Johnson HallDetermination and desire of the community has kept the hall alive
by James Nalley
(Continued on page 12)
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
After the turn of the 20th century, twoevents had cast gloom onto the hall: Ben-jamin Johnson had died in 1902, and adevastating fire occurred in 1904. Ac-cording to an article in the Weekly Reporter
Journal dated December 30, 1904, “Firedamaged the first and second floors ofthe building, which included the drygoods store, offices and several guestrooms of the Johnson House. Damagewas estimated at $35,000.”
From 1902 to 1929 Johnson’s widow,Henrietta Loring Johnson, tried desper-ately to preserve the hall in its original de-sign and remained faithful to BenjaminJohnson’s wishes. But with the success of“talking pictures,” Henrietta Johnson hadno choice but to give in to her manager’sadvice and make dramatic changes to thetheater. The latest projection machine,along with center aisles and heavier chairswere installed, the balconies were re-moved, and the main floor was redesignedto pitch downward toward the stage. MaryAnn Offer writes, “The absence of the
balconies gives one a feeling of freedom,and a much higher auditorium.” After thesignificant renovations, the former“Opera House” had become a full-fledged movie theater that offered dailyand weekend showings for the commu-nity. The era of grand balls and live musi-cal shows had come to a bittersweet end.
As the Johnson Hall Opera Houseneared its centennial, it had struggled fi-nancially, and unfortunately closed forbusiness in 1959. According to Mary AnnOffer, “After the theatre was closed, thearea was used only as a storage room forthe variety store which occupied thedownstairs retail space. And it remainedthis way for (more than) 20 years.” Aftera brief revival in the early 1980s, it strug-gled once more to stay in the black andclosed its doors.
As the future for Johnson Hall lookedgrim, a group of community memberswith an interest in preservation formedJohnson Hall, Inc. in 1987, with the solepurpose of purchasing, renovating andmanaging the hall. It was purchased in
1988 and by 1991, with the help from do-nations and its status as a non-profit or-ganization; the first floor was completelyrenovated and transformed into a black-box theater that included a stage and 110moveable seats. Although the grandeur ofthe original theater was only a memory,the new theater was both manageable andfinancially sound.
Today, the facade is roughly the same asit was years ago and the windows havebeen fully restored. It offers a relativelyfull schedule of musical, dramatic andcomedy entertainment all year long. Mostimportantly, it stands as a shining exam-ple of determination and desire by com-munity members to preserve a structurethat was once a thriving entertainmentvenue. It remains one of the historic mon-
uments of Maine’s Kennebec County.
DiscoverMaine12
(Continued from page 11)
We are now a full service garden center with bulk materials,nursery stock, bagged goods, seed, bulbs, and much more.
• complete landscape service with materials on hand for purchase or complete install jobs
• delivery available on most materials
• limited design/consultation work for residential customers
special orders forunique plant
materials & gardensupply items
winGAtE lAndscApE colAndscApE dEsiGn / construction
contrActor
907 Brunswick Ave. • Gardiner, ME 04345
207-588-6146 • Fax 207-588-6180
www.wingatelandscape.cominfo@wingatelandscape.com
New Location!
T&B TRAnsmissionseRvice
Specializing in Cars & TrucksComplete Automatic TransmissionServices Including Rebuilding & Repairing
Free Estimates
623-2784M-F 8-5
487 Hallowell Road • Chelsea
K.V.TAx SeRVICe, INC.
♦First Quality tax Returns♦competitive Fees♦E-Filing♦Serving you for over 50 years
582-4711 20 Kinderhook St.Randolph, mE 04346
Greg Dow, Owner
Specializing in Small Business and Individual Returns
Trussell’s Auto RepairOver 30 Years Experience
Foreign Or Domestic
Major & Minor Repairs
~ State Inspection Station ~
Brake & Exhaust Work
582-49121 Windsor • Randolph
www.TrussellsAuto.com
Free EstimatesOpen Mon-Fri 8am to 5pm
History withthe click of
a mouse
www.DiscoverMaineMagazine.com
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 13
KENNEBECLawn Care
Jim Michaud • Owner
Fully Insured ♦ Residential ♦ CommercialMowing ♦ Hedge Trimming
Light Landscaping ♦ Driveway SweepingSpring & Fall Cleanup
592-0024P.O. Box 96 ♦ South Gardiner, ME 04359
Quality Used Cars & Trucks
24 HR. TOWInG & RECOvERy
PAyInG TOP$dOLLAR$
for junk cars & trucks
nATIOnWIdE LOCATInG SERvICE
582-25201-888-582-2520
Rt. 17 (23 Goodwill Drive), ChelseaTwo Miles East of Togus Gate
white’s autowhite’s autoNeW & uSeD AuTO PARTS
FOR MOST MAKeS & MODelS
You’ll drive a better bargain at...
Goggin’s268 Water Street • randolph • 582-3453
ONE STOP SHOPPING • 7AM-9PM 7 DAYS A WEEK!
Gardiner savingsfor all your banking needs
Open 7 Days
Community PharmacyMon.-Fri., 8am-7pm; Sat., 8:30am-2pm; Sun., 9am-1pm
588-2482
WE ArE hoMEtoWn Pr¤Ud
S&MRadiator King
“Established 1985”
• Full Service Auto Repair
• Air Conditioning Service
• Complete Radiator Repair
• Car, Truck, SUV
258 Windsor Rd. • Chelsea
582-1790 • 1-877-582-1790
Laundromat • dry Cleaning • Wash dry & Fold
26 Winter Street • Gardiner, ME 04345582-3800 • www.loadsoffunlaundromat.com
Come
See W
hat a
ll
Laun
dromat
s Sho
uld
Be Lik
e!!
LoadS
oF F
un
“You
r Full
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vice
Laun
dromat
”
Kennebec light & Heat Co., Gardiner. item #100888 from the eastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
The sign in front of Hussey’s Gen-eral Store is unlike any other.“Guns, Wedding Gowns, Cold
Beer.” It cannot get any more general thanthis. In fact, you can get just about any-thing you need in the store. You can buya beautiful wedding gown, a frying pan,plumbing supplies, a fishing pole, meat fordinner, a washing machine, and even feedfor your animals — and not just the dogand cat. The fact is that this store reallydoes carry anything and everything.
Harland Hussey was the man behindthe store, and actually remodeled an oldstable in Windsor in 1923 to get it started.While he may have had the dream of op-erating a store and being his own boss, itcan almost be guaranteed that he neverthought that Hussey’s General Storewould become an icon in Maine.
DiscoverMaine14
rowell’sSelect Pre-owned Vehicles
feATuRinG A fine SeLeCTiOn Of PReOwneD VeHiCLeS fROM fLORiDA!
Credit Union Financing Available for Qualified Buyers!
20 Estes Ave., at the corner of US Rt. 2 & Rt. 152
Ell Hill, Palmyra, ME • 938-2144
www.RowellsAutoSales.comMon.-Fri. 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., Sat. 8 a.m. to Closing
Larry Rowell & Paul Vigue
LaundromatRt. 3 East
So. China
445-3422
Camper townSince 1992
384 Vassalboro Road • Rt. 32 N • South China • 445-3133
rV parts & repairs • Supplies • Hitches • awnings We cater to the needs of seasonal campers.
We come to you - at your location. We offer top quality portable shelters for rVs, boats, cars & trucks.
We also do work on mobile homes. We have handicapped
scooters and equipment on premisesOpen Year Round from 10am-5pm or Call for an appointment
Hosts: bob & Trudy
Hussey’s General Store“If we ain’t got it, you don’t need it”
by Penny S. Harmon
Open Monday through Saturday
7AM to 6PM
Sunday 8AM to 5PM
“if you can’t find it at Hussey’s,you don’t need it!®
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
My first experience with Hussey’s wasin 1985. A friend of mine was gettingmarried and was looking for the perfectgown. We’d been to several stores alreadyand nothing seemed right. When shementioned going to Hussey’s, I had noclue where we were going and what I wasabout to experience
When we first pulled into the parkinglot, I was even more shell-shocked. We’ddriven over 35 miles to the country. Ithought there had to be a mistake, espe-cially when I saw the building. It lookedlike an old country store, not anything likewhat I was expecting, and where someonewas going to find the perfect weddingdress. Entering the store, I was confused.Books, fishing gear, groceries, plumbingand heating supplies were found within.Upstairs, however, was another world, andit was here that the perfect wedding dresswas found.
As I had not been to Hussey’s before, Ithought I was bringing home a big secretto my family — that I had just discoveredthe most beguiling store in the state of
Maine. However, it was not so secret afterall. My mother told stories of how shewould go with her mother and father backin the 1940s and 50s to get supplies. Liv-ing in Woolwich at that time, it was quitea distance to go, but it was the best placearound to buy anything, including horse-shoes for their horses. They didn’t gooften, but when their list became longenough, the trip was on.
Harland and his wife may have startedthe store from an old remodeled stable in1923, but in 1954, they realized they hadto have more room. While others thoughtit was a risk, as supermarkets were justcoming to the forefront, he held faith thatit would all work out. In 2005 the Colby
Magazine of Colby College, from whereHarland’s son, Elwin, graduated in 1944,wrote an article in which Elwin stated,“My dad would say, ‘I would think therewould always be someone who wants tobuy a pound of hamburger and a poundof nails at the same time.’” Needless tosay, Harland knew what he was talkingabout.
Elwin Hussey, after serving for a timein the military, came back to the familystore. In fact, his military career led himto a great education in electronics. It onlyseemed appropriate that he bring hisknowledge to the store, and it was thenthat Hussey’s began selling televisions andother appliances.
As for the wedding dresses, Harland’swife, Mildred, wanted people in the com-munity to have options and not have todrive into the city to get what they needed.I, myself, am proof that her theoryworked. Even now, approximately 60years after the wedding dresses wereadded to the Hussey’s General Store in-ventory, they are still in high demand.
It wasn’t until Harland’s grandson, Jay,started to manage the store that the say-ing, “If we ain’t got it, you don’t need it”came into play. Jay put that slogan outthere and it stuck, and with good reason.If they don’t have it, you really may findthat you don’t need it after all.
Over 25 years have passed since I first
DiscoverMaine 15
(Continued on page 16)
SEt REntal inc.
Equipment & Tool Rental
for Contractors & Home Owners
“We Rent from a Shovel to an Excavator”
• Excavators
• Dozers
• Backhoes
• Masonry & Concrete
622-0007
548-0077423 E. Main St.
Searsport, ME 04974
622-00071011 Western Ave.
Manchester, ME 04351
R.J. Energy Services, Inc.
Fuel Oil & Propane DeliveryCommercial • Residential • Estimates
Complete Heating & Air Conditioning Systems
622-77202184 North Belfast Avenue • Augusta
www.rjenergy.com
YYoouurr HHeeaatt iinngg EExxppeerr ttss
Damon’sBeverage mart
~ Agency Liquor Store ~Discount Beer, Wine & Soda
Cold Cases, Cans & Kegs~ Open 7 Days A Week ~
623-986475 Bangor Street
Augusta
(Formerly Lou’s Beverage Barn)
White & Bradstreet, Inc.White & Bradstreet, Inc.Est. 1952
Reconditioned Heavy-Duty TruckRear Ends & Transmissions
New/Used Truck Parts & Trucks
1020 Weeks Mills Road • Augusta
622-2622 • 1-800-572-6199www.white-bradstreet.com
LoveweLL Logging
207-931-7900 - Josh207-931-8900 - Jay
Livermore, MaineChipping & TruckingFree Estimates & Fully InsuredReferences AvailableCompetitive Timber Prices
ExpErt tirE SErvicEroger obie: owner
“Trust your vehicle to the experts”
Open 8-6 Mon.-Fri.
Sat. 8-2
622-7656
91 Bangor St. • Augusta, ME
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
set foot in Hussey’s General Store. Theplace still holds the same charm for me.Whether I want to purchase a fishing rodas a gift for my son’s birthday or want thefixings for a special dinner, I know whereI need to go. While things have changed— such as deliveries that are now broughtin by the truckload, instead of on the OldNarrow Gauge Railroad and by horse —the history behind the doors of Hussey’sis right there in front of you. Ask anyoneyou know and it can almost be guaranteedthat they, too, have their own memories
of a trip to Hussey’s General Store.
DiscoverMaine16
(Continued from page 15)
1-800-464-7463 www.pineview1955.com
Pine View Homes has always been a family owned and orientedbusiness. Established in 1955, the original owners were Mr.& Mrs.Elmore Hustus. Eventually the corporation was sold to their daugh-ter and son-in-law, Anna & Stanton Ayer, who in 1994 sold it to theirson and daughter-in-law, Mike & Tracy Ayer.
Originally situated on 18 acres of land in Winslow, Pine View had19 park sites. Through the years, their park has grown to a mobilehome community of 45 sites, with providing single and double-wide lots.The park has ample sized spaces with picnic/park area and play-ground for the children. All road and driveways are paved withgarbage and snow removal services provided. In 2004, Pine Viewpurchased 17 acres of land on the east side of Route #201 and cre-ated another display lot to include both double-wide and modular home displays.
Originally Pine View was a furniture and gift store. This soon de-veloped into a mobile home park and travel trailer business. Mr.
Hustus was the first person in Maine to both sell and rent mobile homes and travel trailers. Pine View still maintains therental business but no longer handles travel trailers.
Pine View Homes is a company that not only provides fine quality, affordable homes for Maine families, but also one thatstands behind it’s products with a full time service department. We can deliver your new home, free of charge, to any lot inthe State of Maine. Our reputation is such that customers have purchased their first home from Pine View return again andagain to re-purchase other homes and often times bring their children to Pine View to buy their homes too!
Today the company has 19 employees, half of those with 10+ years of service. Pine View has diversified over the yearsand is involved in both the manufacturing and finance end of the business. We are members of the Chamber of Commerce, the Manufactured Housing Association of Maine, Volume BuyersLLC. and are in good standing with the Better Business Bureau.
Under the ownership of Mike & Tracy, the offices have been remodeled, but the business remains in the original homestead of his grandparents. They have maintained the family values and integrity – to providequality, attractive housing for the lowest price possible!!
History of Pine View Homes
Insurance Services Since 1848
businessowners, Professional, Work Comp, employment Practices,
Directors & Officers, bonds and employee benefits
One Market Square, Suite 201, Augusta ME 04330
phone 1-800-989-9049
www.maineinsure.com
Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow...Macomber, Farr & Whitten is Here for You
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
Court House, augusta. item #100054 from the eastern illustrating &publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
In the summer of 1931Wallace Nutting convenedhis first old home gather-
ing and workshop service inthe Old Baptist Church inNorth Manchester, Maine. Itwas the beginning of a tradi-tion that would last almostuntil his death some ten yearslater.
Today Wallace Nutting isbest known for his States Beau-
tiful Series. They bear suchnames as Pennsylvania Beautiful
and New York Beautiful. There isalso a Maine Beautiful. At one time, having one of the States Beau-
tiful Series as a coffee table book was de rigeur in most every properAmerican home. Today the books are collector’s items.
Many collectors of Wallace Nutting’s work — which also in-cludes reproductions of antique American furniture — believethat the fact that there is a Maine Beautiful is simply because it isa part of the whole series. The fact is, however, that Wallace Nut-ting spent much of his early life in Maine, most notably in theManchester area, and that he owed much of his unique per-spective on the American nation to growing up in Maine.
Probably no one did more towards establishing the Americanpreservation movement in the country than Wallace Nutting.Nutting’s avocation was preserving America in pictures, buyingand reproducing American period furniture, and lecturing on oldAmerican homes. He once said “America, with its abundant re-sources everywhere for dwellings that might outlast the ages, willfail disgracefully unless she can learn that the monuments thatare nearer than any other to feeding the heart and enshrininghistory are old dwellings.” The viewpoint espoused in this state-ment is one that had its origins in the Kennebec Valley of Maine,where Nutting grew up.
DiscoverMaine 17
(Continued on page 18)
Flexible Class Schedule
Cosmetology • Nail-Tec
Esthetician • Barbering
Guaranteed Loan Program
Financial Aid (for those who qualify)
43 Bridge Street • Augusta, Maine
312 Water Street • Augusta, Maine
www.visage-spa.com(207) 621-9941www.capilo.com
Neighborhood Redemption
& Discount Beverage
Locally Owned & Operated ~ Roger Caron
NRCNRC
8-6 Mon. - Fri. • 8-4 Sat. • 9-2 Sun.
329 W. River Road, Augusta, ME
626-0032
Bottle Drives Welcome
Pizza and italians“Supporting all local sports since 1950”
• Pizza, Subs
• Dinner Baskets
• Steak Sandwiches and More!
We make all of our italian rolls, pizza dough and pita shells on premises!
244 Western Ave., Augusta
622-0551www.damonsaugusta.com
russell’sJewel of the Kennebec
Specializing in Tourmaline
Antwerp Diamonds
Gems
come see our beautiful largetourmaline and other faceted
gems in gold and silver settings.
132 water street • 621-1065 • Hallowell
Custom Designing
tues.-sat. • 10-5
albert’scomplete lawn mowing Services
Spring property cleanups
Serving the greater
Augusta/gardiner Areafree eStimAteS • inSureD
plowing & lAwncAre
Dan Albert
207-582-1916
wallace nutting: American Preservationist extraordinaire
Minister, photographer found inspiration in Maine’s beautyby Charles Francis
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Although Wallace Nutting was not bornin Maine, he returned here often through-out his adult life, as if returning to thewellspring of much of his inspiration.And, indeed, Maine was where Nutting re-ceived his calling as a Congregational min-ister. In fact, his first formal religioustraining was in Maine in Manchester.
Wallace Nutting was born in Rockbot-tom, Massachusetts in 1861. He was thesecond of two children born to Albionand Elizabeth (Fifield) Nutting. His sisterEdith, two years his senior, died when shewas eighteen.
In 1862 Albion Nutting, Wallace’s fa-ther, enlisted in the Union Army. He diedin Washington, D.C. in 1864. He is buriedin Arlington National Cemetery. The nextyear Elizabeth Nutting moved her familyto Industry, Maine, where her brotherJoseph had a farm. Two years later theNutting family moved to Manchester.Wallace Nutting would spend the next tenyears of his life here.
Wallace Nutting attended common and
high school in Manchester and Augusta.After a brief stint of clerking in a pub-lishing house, he enrolled in Phillips Ex-eter Academy and then continued hiseducation at Harvard. His summers whilehe was at Harvard were spent working inhotels in seaside resorts, one of which wason Campobello Island.
Upon graduating from Harvard in 1887,Nutting took his first position as a pastorin Fryeburg. The ministry had been hisgoal in life almost from the age of three.In fact, when he was three, he had stoodup in church in Manchester and given thebenediction in a loud, clear voice, rightalong with the minister.
There is an intriguing folk tale associ-ated with Nutting’s childhood in Man-chester. The church he attended as a childis noted for having several mysteriousfootprints embedded in the stone wall ofthe foundation. When someone suggestedthe footprints were those of the Devil,Nutting later wrote that he respondedthey were “an angel’s step, accompaniedby that little child, whose hand he held.”
Nutting served as pastor of a numberof churches until 1904, when he wasforced to retire from the ministry becauseof a nervous breakdown. He also studiedtheology at a number of institutions, in-cluding Union Theological Seminary, andwas awarded a Doctor of Divinity degreeby Whitman College. His pastorships tookhim from coast to coast and includedSeattle and Providence. He also lived inNew York, Connecticut, Massachusettsand Vermont. The fact that he was famil-iar with a number of states from havinglived in them was one of the factors thatled to his States Beautiful Series.
Nutting began taking photographs in1899 while taking bicycle rides for health.Four years later he opened the WallaceNutting Art Prints Studio in New YorkCity. The change of occupation was re-lated to his nervous breakdown.
By his own estimate, Nutting sold someten million photographs. Only a few ofthem were signed. Today they are amongthe most valuable photographs ever pro-duced. Another of Nutting’s interests was
DiscoverMaine18
(Continued from page 17)
kennebec guns
Guns • Bought • Sold
New • Used • Antiques
Competitor Supplies
Certified Firearms InstructorState Junior Director of Shooting Programs
Julian F. Beale, III
622-115751 Cony Street, Augusta
AugustaCivic Center
Community Dr.
Augusta, ME 04330
Meetings, Receptions, Conferences,
Banquets and more!
The Augusta Civic Center is a full-service facilitywith a 25,000 square foot auditorium, 23 flexible
meeting rooms, including 2 ballrooms, a full kitchenand food service staff on-site. With over 35 years
experience in conventions, trade shows, conferencesand banquets, we stand ready to serve you!
for information call (207) 626-2405 or visit www.augustaciviccenter.org
JoHn BEcKEr, cArpEntEr
nEw worK • rEModElinG
KitcHEns • cABinEt instAllAtions
custoM FurniturE
25 YEArs ExpEriEncE • FullY insurEd
FrEE EstiMAtEs
207.212.0813lEEds, MAinE
John Marvin tower Chateau Cushnoc• On-site Management
• Federally Assisted Units for the Elderly
• Handicap Accessible
• 24-hour Maintenance
• Service Coordinator
• Emergency Call Buttons
38 townsend Street, augusta 36 townsend Street, augusta
• On-site Management
• Federally Assisted Units for theElderly and Mobility Impaired
• Handicap Accessible
• 24-hour Maintenance
• Service Coordinator
• Emergency Call Buttons
207-623-1112 tDD 1-800-545-1833
207-623-1112 tDD 1-800-545-1833
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
restoring “antique” houses. Altogether hedid five. This led him to furniture repro-duction. For a time another reproductioncompany operated under the Nuttingname. However, Nutting did not considerthat company’s work adequate and hetook it over.
Later Nutting reproductions are identi-fied by a burned-on impression of hisname in plain capitals. Nutting reproduc-tions were so accurate as to detail that un-scrupulous antique dealers would buythem, age them artificially, and sell themat prices 100 times above Nutting’s askingprice.
Wallace Nutting died in Framingham,Massachusetts in 1941. He is buried inAugusta. Today he is best remembered forhis States Beautiful Series, the series thatmore than any other effort has preservedmuch of an America which otherwise
would be lost forever.
DiscoverMaine 19
AuGuSTASeAFOOD
Mon.-Sat. 7 am to 5:30 pmClosed Sunday
bob and Jeff benedict
2002 North belfast Ave.,Augusta, Me 04330
622-6951lobstersretail.com
• lobsters• Clams• Scallops• Crabmeat• Shrimp
Fresh Daily!
Capital Area GuideMuseums, Shopping, State House, FineLodging, Great Dining, Historical Sites,Ski, Bike, Hike, 30 Lakes and Lots of
Friendly People in a Safe, Calm, Small City Environment.
For a Free Copy of our Capital Area Guide,
Call the
Kennebec valley Chamber of Commerce
207-623-4559www.augustamaine.com
34th Annual
Whatever Family Festivalcelebrates Kennebec River environment withfun activities from June 17 through July 4!
Special feature is Family Day at Capitol Park on June 25, 2011
bOnD brOOk panCake HOuSe
Your hosts: Mike & Kim
Homemade Soups & Dessertstake Out available
Mon.-Fri. 5am-2pmSat. 6am-2pm
Sunday 7am-1pm Breakfast Only
(207) 623-9656179 Mt. Vernon ave., augusta
Luncheon SpecialsBreakfast All Day
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
Water Street, Hallowell. item #101607 from the eastern illustrating &publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
Tri-State
Staffing Solutionsfor your
Linda Veilleux
1-800-989-9112207-622-0470
Serving Augusta for over 10 successful years
225 Western Avenue • Suite 2 • Augusta, ME 04330
www.tristatestaffing.com
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
On July 17, 1893 President GroverCleveland submitted the Blount
Report (named after U.S. Com-missioner James Blount) that listed thenames of a number of people, includingJohn L. Stevens, a lifelong resident of Au-gusta. Unlike many other reports submit-ted that year, this one was much moreserious. It stated that there was “evidencethat officially identified the United States’complicity in the lawless overthrow of thelawful, peaceful government of Hawaii,”and that Stevens was guilty of inappro-priate conduct in support of the conspir-acy. After the charges were presented toStevens at his home in Augusta, headamantly denied his guilt and offered hisstern rationale of why the Queen herselfwas the immoral one and should havebeen dethroned. Forced to retire from of-
ficial public service, he spent the remain-der of his life publicly denouncing theHawaiian kingdom. The repercussions ofthe events would even have the U.S. Con-gress and President Bill Clinton sign theApology Resolution in 1993, which formallyapologized for the overthrow of theKingdom of Hawaii a century earlier.
Born on August 1, 1820 in the town ofMount Vernon, John L. Stevens eventu-ally attended the Maine Wesleyan Semi-nary where he planned to spend his life asa minister in the Universalist church. After10 years as a minister and a communityactivist, he was urged by the Governor ofMaine (Anson Morrill) to leave the churchand spend his energy in two areas: as anewspaper publisher and politician. Al-most immediately, Stevens and his part-ner, James Blaine, purchased The Kennebec
Journal in 1854 and began a collaborationthat would last for 14 years. The publica-tion also served as a platform for Stevens’development of the Maine RepublicanParty, where he served as a delegate in1860 and actively participated in the 1876Presidential campaign as the Chairman ofthe Republican Committee of Maine.Due to his energy and support of thepresidential candidate, he was awarded anappointment as a minister for the U.S.State Department and continued his rapidascent to more important roles and even-tual trouble.
After joining the U.S. State Department,his successive appointments as foreignminister included a long list of countriessuch as Paraguay, Uruguay, Sweden andNorway. But after his former partner(James Blaine) was appointed as the U.S.
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Secretary of State, in an act of nepotism,Stevens was urged to serve as foreign min-ister to the Kingdom of Hawaii. As statedin the New York Times article on February9, 1895, his “title was changed to the Min-ister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraor-dinary.”
After his arrival in Hawaii, Stevens ac-tively wrote and published his thoughtsand feelings about the islands with not-so-subtle titles such as Advice to Young Hawai-
ians, and The Hawaiian Situation.
Afterwards, he publicly expressed his con-cerns about the relationship of the UnitedStates and its allies. At the same time, hisfriend, the Secretary of State, also sug-gested that the United States “draw theties of intimate relationship between usand the Hawaiian Islands so as to makethem practically a part of the Americansystem without derogation of their ab-solute independence.” Between the twomen, plans were beginning to evolve.
By January 1891 the King of Hawaii(who had been in agreement with the in-terests of foreign businessmen), suddenly
died and was succeeded by his sister,Queen Lili’uokalni. After receiving infor-mation about the Queen’s animosity ofher brother’s wishes, Stevens, perhaps ina moment of panic, requested that theU.S.S. Boston be sent to Honolulu Harboras an intimidation tactic.
In March 1892, an impatient Stevenswrote the Secretary of State to ask howfar he was allowed to deviate from stan-dard protocol if a Hawaiian-native revo-lution occurred. As stated in his letter,“The golden hour is near at hand… Aslong as the island retains their own inde-pendent government there remains thepossibility that England or Canada mightsecure one of the Hawaiian harbors for acoaling station… Annexation excludes alldangers of this kind.” Approximately 10months later, the queen attempted toannul the 1887 constitution, which wouldhave restored many of the powers of themonarchy. After that act of defiance,Stevens secretly met two businessmen(Sanford Dole and Lorrin Thurston) onthe night of January 14, 1893 to launch
the plan to overthrow the queen and forceher country to become part of the UnitedStates.
In a rapid series of events, a new groupknown as the Committee of Safety wasformed. The committee’s primary con-cern was the safety and property ofAmerican residents in Honolulu, but italso began drafting documents to estab-lish a provisional government on the side.On January 16, 1893 with an official com-mittee’s support behind him, Stevens re-quested that U.S. Marines and navalpersonnel from the U.S.S. Boston take uppositions on the island.
Although the troops were ordered to re-main “neutral” on the island, two aspectscaused great alarm with the natives: thesoldiers were incredibly armed, and theywere positioned only around the Royalresidences and government buildings in-stead of the American residences. As his-torian William Russ wrote in his 1992book, The Hawaiian Revolution (1893-94),“The injunction to prevent fighting of anykind made it impossible for the monarchyto protect itself.” Due to the Queen’s de-sire “to avoid any collision of armedforces, and perhaps the loss of life,” theQueen ordered her forces to surrender.The American troops subsequently tookover all of the government buildings anddisarmed the Hawaiian Royal Guard. Al-most immediately, Stevens declared a pro-visional government on behalf of the U.S.State Department and requested thatHawaii be annexed. Within a month, Pres-ident William Henry Harrison had signeda request to the Senate that the HawaiianKingdom be annexed on February 16,1893.
Everything appeared to go smoothly forStevens and his supporters until PresidentGrover Cleveland took office. Soon afterhis inauguration, he sent a memo to theSenate canceling the annexation. As statedin the New York Times article, PresidentCleveland sent “Mr. Blount, to report onthe situation and ordered the protectoratewithdrawn as unnecessary.” At that point,Stevens was forced to resign and returnedto Maine. But he continued to publicly
DiscoverMaine 21
(Continued on page 22)
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denounce the Hawaiian monarchy as seenin a self-published New York Times articleon November 30, 1893, that claimed thatthe Blount Report was mostly “false-hoods… made by that gentleman …which were prejudiced, and unwarranted.”Afterwards, Stevens’ influence wasstronger than expected for PresidentCleveland, which forced him to abandonthe matter due to a lack of Congressionalsupport. By February 26, 1894 Stevensand his collaborators were found not
guilty by the U.S. Congress in another in-vestigation and report entitled the Morgan
Report.During the remaining years of his life,
Stevens continued working with the Re-publican Party, published a number of ar-ticles, lectured and tried to repair histarnished image. One of his final publica-tions was the strangely titled 1894 mem-oir: Picturesque Hawaii: A Charming
Description of Her Unique History, Strange
People, Exquisite Climate, Wondrous Volcanoes,
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rupt Monarchy, Recent Revolution and Provi-
sional Government.
At 4 a.m. on February 8, 1895 John L.Stevens died at his home in Augusta aftera battle with depression and heart disease.Three years later, perhaps as a fitting senseof irony, the United States government
officially annexed Hawaii.
DiscoverMaine22
(Continued from page 21)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Back in the 1920s fictitious families like theJukes and the Kallikaks were part of the pop-ular parlance. They were synonyms for fami-
lies viewed as criminals and idiots begotten bymiscegenation and thought to be breeding out ofcontrol. The fictitious Jukes and Kallikaks, however,did have a basis in reality. Both names were applied toreal families by the early psychologists who producedthe studies on them.
The study on the criminal Jukes family was doneby Richard Dugdale in 1875. The study on the feeble-minded Kallikaks by Henry Herbert Goddard wasdone in 1912. Both the Jukes and the Kallikaks enjoya certain degree of notoriety today. The same cannotbe said of both of the men who produced the stud-ies. Richard Dugdale’s assumptions have now come to be viewedas spurious. Vassalboro-born Henry Hebert Goddard, however,is recognized as a pioneer in the field of American psychology.Among other things, Goddard is credited with introducing in-telligence testing into the United States, and with drafting thefirst law in the country mandating special education.
Today Henry Goddard is recognized as the father of intelli-gence testing in America. He either oversaw or participated inevery major intelligence testing program in the country in thefirst decades of the twentieth century. It was Goddard whotranslated the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale into English and
introduced it into the country in 1908. Today most are familiarwith its later form as Stanford-Binet.
Between 1908 and 1915 Goddard almost single-handedly dis-tributed over 22,000 copies of the Binet-Simon test and nearly100,000 answer sheets for it to public schools across the coun-try. During World War I he was a member of the Army’s Alphaand Beta Team, the first mass intelligence testing program con-ducted by the United States government. He was also the firstnationally recognized educator to suggest that normal childrenmight benefit from the instructional techniques employed by
DiscoverMaine 23
(Continued on page 24)
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Henry Herbert GoddardAnd The Kallikaks
Vassalboro psychologist recognized as the father of
intelligence testing in Americaby Charles Francis
those who worked with retarded children.Henry Goddard was also a eugenicist.
As such, he believed that human intelli-gence was inherited. Specifically, he be-lieved that feeble-mindedness was passedon from one generation to another by asingle recessive gene. To back this up heproduced his study The Kallikak Family: A
Study in the Heredity of Feeble-mindedness.
Today some of Goddard’s theories thatcame out of the study, such as compul-sory sterilization, are quite understandablyless than popular. However, it should benoted that his proposal for dealing withthe feeble-minded was humane institu-tionalization.
Henry Hebert Goddard was born inVassalboro on August 14, 1866. The God-dard family was one of the oldest in thetown, going back generations to the firstsettlers. They were also Quakers. Becauseof his family’s religious persuasion, the fu-ture father of American intelligence test-ing spent the first 20 years of his life as aQuaker school teacher and principal.
After attending local Vassalboroschools, Henry Goddard went on to studyat Haverford, a Quaker college in Penn-sylvania. Here he earned both a B.A. andM.A. in mathematics, the latter in 1889.He then secured a position at the Univer-sity of Southern California as a footballcoach and instructor of history andbotany. He left California after a year tobecome a high school teacher. Goddard’slongest period in the secondary schoolranks was spent back in his hometown ofVassalboro as teacher and principal at OakGrove Seminary from 1891 to 1896. In1899 he earned a Ph.D in psychology atClark University.
From 1899 to 1906 Goddard taughtpsychology and teaching methodology atWest Chester (Pennsylvania) NormalSchool. Then in 1906 he accepted the po-sition of Director of Research at theTraining School for Feeble-minded Boysand Girls at Vineland, New Jersey. It washere he produced his controversial studyon the Kallikaks.
The Kallikak name is contrived. Itcomes from the Greek Kallos meaningbeauty, and Kakos meaning bad. WhatGoddard did with the Kallikak study wasto trace two branches of the same family.One branch was “beautiful” or normal,and one was “bad” or feeble-minded.Both stemmed from a single male pro-genitor, Martin Kallikak. Martin Kallikakhad been a soldier in the Civil War.Through a liaison with a feeble-mindedtavern girl he produced a feeble-mindedillegitimate son. That son went on to pro-duce generations of feeble-minded de-scendants, who led lives characterized by
illegitimacy, alcoholism, prostitution,epilepsy and lechery. Sometime after hisbarroom liaison, Martin Kallikak marrieda woman of a “good” Quaker family. Thedescendants of that line were all normal.Its members were some of the finest andmost respected citizens in the communi-ties in which they lived. Goddard believedthat the difference in the two Kallikaklines was the result of genetic input fromthe two women Martin Kallikak had chil-dren by.
Henry Goddard actually studied some300 families in arriving at his “Kallikak”theory. In the years following the study hewas attacked on any number of occasionsand by any number of reputable psychol-ogists for his conclusions. Even though helater repudiated much of what he firstsaid, including the tests he used to definethe term “moron,” he is still rememberedmore as an elitist for his Kallikak studythan he should be for his pioneering workin intelligence testing.
Thanks to Henry Herbert Goddard, ad-vances in dealing with mental retardation,special education and clinical psychologyhave been made that otherwise might nothave. Those advances, coupled with theoverall applications of intelligence testingin fields ranging from public education forthe “normal” student to military pre-paredness are a remarkable legacy of theman who was once a Quaker schoolmas-ter at Oak Grove Seminary in Vassalboro,
Maine.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine24
(Continued from page 23)
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In the mid-1800s everyone was look-ing for a cure for ailments, includingaching bones and sore muscles. It was
a well-known fact that natural mineralsprings were thought to heal skin ailments,muscle problems, and other health issues,including digestion problems. In this eraeveryone was looking for a way to make itbig, and one man, a businessman fromRockland, Horace Beals, hoped his dreamwould come true with Togus Springs.
Togus, coming from the Indian word“Worromontogus,” meaning mineralwater, seemed to be the perfect name forthis area of Chelsea, just on the outskirtsof Augusta, the state capital. With naturalmineral springs, Beals was hoping to de-velop a place where all his visitors couldheal themselves naturally. He expectedboth the invalids and elderly to be a big
part of his business. His dream was to cre-ate a place where people could come tosimply relax and to drink the mineralwater that he could provide.
It was 1859 when Beals was ready toopen his Togus Springs to the public.Beals, wishing his new resort to be similarto that of Saratoga Springs, had built anexquisite hotel, race track, stables, a bowl-ing alley and a farmhouse on the property,and invested a lot of money to beautifythe landscape. According to previous pub-lications, Beals invested more than$250,000 of his own money, hoping thatTogus Springs would bring in an incomethat exceeded his earnings in the granitebusiness. In today’s world, his initial$250,000 investment would exceed$6,000,000.
Horace Beals actually had already
proven his success in business. He was co-owner of the successful Dix Island Gran-ite Company, which had been purchasedin 1856. Beals may have been a man look-ing for wealth, but this didn’t stop himfrom being fair. According to the January,1900 publication of Granite, Beals was aman of intensity and one with various re-sources. He claimed that he may havefailed a few times, but that it “…was goodfor man. He used to say that a man neverknew what there was in him until he hadbeen on his business uppers two or threetimes. He said that if a man began makingmoney right away, he was likely to get itinto his noodle that it always grew thatway, and he’d be worse off than everwhen he found out that it didn’t.”
However, what Horace Beals did not
DiscoverMaine 25
(Continued on page 26)
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count on was the Civil War. From 1859until 1861 Togus Springs did receive a fewvisitors. However, whenthe war began in ‘61, peo-ple were no longer able totravel. What this meantfor Beals was not good.His business began to failand just a few years later,he had no choice but toshut it down. The year of1863 became the end ofhis dream and the localsnicknamed the area“Beal’s Folly.”
Beals’ failure turnedinto another dream. In1865 President AbrahamLincoln signed an act forthe National Asylum,later to become the Na-tional Home for Disabled Volunteer Sol-diers. With the Civil War, thousands ofmen needed treatment for their injuriesfrom the war and a place to recuperate.
The government ended up buying TogusSprings for just $50,000 (just over a mil-lion in today’s economy), and quickly
turned it into one of the first of many vet-erans’ homes.
When the home opened to the first vet-eran on November 1, 1866, there had
been little work done to the area and itlooked very similar to what Beals haddreamed. The hotel had simply been re-
modeled to accommo-date the needs of theCivil War soldiers. How-ever, with the needs ofthe soldiers growing,Togus soon began tohouse as many as 3,000soldiers at one time. Bar-racks were built, the race-track covered up, and,soon, a cemetery wasmapped out.
Unfortunately, manyof the buildings that Ho-race Beals built on theland are now gone. Morebuildings were put up assturdier quarters wereneeded. What does re-
main, though, is the comfortable and re-laxing atmosphere that Beals was hopingfor. A drive down the narrow, tree-linedroad is quiet, and the campus offers both
DiscoverMaine26
(Continued from page 25)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
solitude and comfort to those who are themost deserving.
While Beals may not have wanted hisdream to fail, that dream turned intosomething good. Shortly after his business
failure, Beals passed away and was unableto see what became of Togus Springs.However, it can almost be guaranteed thatif he was able to see what Togus Springshas become today, he would be proud of
his accomplishments and know that hebecame part of something even bigger
than what he expected.
DiscoverMaine 27
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two men working with ice block equipment at the Consolidated ice Co. operation in Bowdoinham ca. 1895.the man on the right is lining each block up to be lifted by the steam powered conveyor belt into the ice house
nearby. this operation on the Kennebec river was run as a monopoly at the turn of the 19th century by Charles W. morse of Bath. item #1202 from the collections of the maine Historical Society and
www.Vintagemaineimages.com
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine28
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Grammar School building, Farmingdale. item #100739from the eastern illustrating & publishing Co.Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 29
When passing by a cemetery, it israre to give any thought to whothe people are that are buried
there. Usually if one gives it any thoughtat all, it is likely forgotten as soon as theyleave the cemetery. Cemeteries intrigueme, as I have always been interested in thelives of those in our past. Not long agosomething compelled me to visit thecemetery beside the Christ Church in Gar-diner. Established in 1771, the history ofthis building is amazing, but what is evenmore amazing is the history in the grave-yard outside.
One of the first headstones I read wasthat of John Merrick and his wife, Re-becca. He, born in 1766, lived to be 95years of age — a somewhat rare occur-rence in the difficult times of the 1800s.His wife, Rebecca, passed just 10 years
prior and had lived to be 85. What doesthis tell us about these individuals? Theylived long, and hopefully happily. Under-neath Rebecca’s name the epitaph reads,“She lived not for herself but us.”
In 1798, just a year after returning toEngland, John Merrick married RebeccaVaughan, sister to Benjamin. That sameyear they returned to this country, settlingin Hallowell. He became a prominentmember of the community, eventuallyearning several notable titles includingTrustee of Hallowell Academy, and wason the Board of Overseers at BowdoinCollege. Much of his socialization wasspent with Robert H. Gardiner.
Born in 1782, Robert Hallowell eventu-ally changed his name to Robert Hallow-ell Gardiner, as requested in hisgrandfather’s will. His grandfather, Dr.
Sylvester Gardiner, had left him his estatein Maine. Also on the Board of Overseersat Bowdoin College, he would sit andwatch for John Merrick and his family toarrive by canoe. His family is also buriedin the graveyard at the Christ Church.
My venture into the graveyard at ChristChurch led me in the direction of visitingmore gravesites in the area. The OakGrove Cemetery, just a short distanceaway, is the resting place of many notablearea families. Perhaps one of the most fa-mous is Edward Arlington Robinson, awell-known poet who grew up in Gar-diner. His family monument is large andholds the name of many of his ancestors.
Buried alongside Edward ArlingtonRobinson are hundreds of others whohad much to do with the history of the
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(Continued on page 30)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine30
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area. From the Hazzard family, whoowned a shoe company and employedmany in the area, to Alcander Fuller andhis wife Lydia, buried with their daughterAnnie, who passed away at just threemonths and 19 days.
I also stopped in at Riverside Cemeteryin Pittston. In this cemetery lies one ofthe most notable men of the 19th century— Major Reuben Colburn. As he was ashipbuilder, he and his crew offered theirassistance to Colonel Benedict Arnold. Infact, when Benedict Arnold and a volun-teer soldier only 19 years old by the nameof Aaron Burr, came to Maine, theystayed with the Colburn family until theymoved up the river to Fort Western.Major Reuben Colburn is buried alongsidehis wife, Lydia. The epitaph at their grave-stone reads, “They rest, their sleep issweet.”
It is not possible to pass a graveyard andnot wonder about those who are buriedthere. How did each one contribute to thecommunity and the history of our greatstate? In many cases, all you have to do isread the gravestone.
In Oak Hill Cemetery, another grave-stone stood out. George E. Webber, diedJuly 11, 1863 of wounds received at theBattle of Gettysburg while defending theconstitution and laws of his country. Hewas just 22 years old. His wife, Melissa J.Webber, had passed away just two yearsprior. If you search the cemeteries in thisarea, you are bound to find others whoalso gave their life for your freedom.
Anyone who is interested in the historyof their community needs only to look in
the local cemetery. Take some time andchoose a gravestone that stands out toyou. Quite often, a certain name will sparkan interest. Perhaps choose one with a
great epitaph. Do some research and seewhat you can discover about the person,and you may just be surprised by what you
come up with.
(Continued from page 29)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
For those caught up in the burgeon-ing hobby of building a family tree,the lure of claiming descent from
one of the Pilgrims who sailed on theMayflower is a great one. To mixmetaphors, being able to claim Mayflowerdescent is something akin to catching thebrass ring while riding a merry-go-round.It’s the almost unattainable grand prize ofthe genealogy sweepstakes.
As one would expect — given thehopes some hold out that they will dis-cover they are indeed Mayflower descen-dants — there are a fairly large number ofspurious or faked and false lines that haveevolved over the years purporting toprove Mayflower lineage. A good many ofthese can be found on that unfortunatelyall-too-often source of false facts and ru-mors — the Internet. Here it is possible to
find fictional lines of descent leading backto such prominent Pilgrim figures as JohnAlden and William Brewster.
One rather common misrepresentationhas it that John Alden had several sons, ei-ther illegitimate or by a wife not includedin the record. Their names usually appearas Zachariah and Henry, but there areother alternatives. In like manner, ElderWilliam Brewster is often said to havemarried a Mary Wentworth or a MaryWelles. There is no supporting data forthis. In addition, a William Brewster ofJamestown is sometimes put forth asElder William Brewster’s son and a Natha-nial Brewster of Connecticut as a descen-dant. At best, these are nothing more thanwishful thinking and at worst, out-and-outfabrications. In short, it should be saidthat there are much better ways of tracingone’s ancestry back to the Mayflower thanonline.
It is relatively easy to trace Mayflowerdescent. One reason for this is that nogroup of early American settlers and theirdescendants have been researched morethan the Pilgrims that landed at PlymouthRock in 1620, and those children andgrandchildren who sprang from them.And, a good many of Pilgrim descendantsended up in Maine. This happenstancehelps account for the fact that there is aMaine Mayflower Society.
There are a number of commonlyfound Maine family surnames that traceback to that famous Plymouth Rock land-ing. One of them is Mayo, a well-knownsurname of the Kennebec Valley. SallyAnn Mayo of Hallowell, who marriedSamuel W. Huntington of the same com-munity, serves as an example of theMayflower descendants who settled theKennebec region.
The Hallowell Mayo family, which in-cludes Sally Ann Mayo, is one of the fam-ilies that can claim legitimate descent from
DiscoverMaine32
The Genealogy Corner: Tracing Mayflower Ancestry
by Charles Francis
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Elder William Brewster. The family canalso claim descent from another promi-nent Plymouth Colony figure, GovernorThomas Prence.
Thomas Prence married Patience Brew-ster, daughter of Elder William and MaryBrewster. There is no accepted maidensurname for Mary Brewster. Sally AnnMayo is descended from Thomas and Pa-tience (Brewster) Prence through theirdaughter Mercy, who married John Free-man. John and Mercy (Prence) Freemanwere the parents of Hannah Freeman,who married John Mayo.
Ebenezer Mayo, a descendant of Johnand Hannah (Freeman) Mayo, marriedSarah Burgess. They moved to Hallowelland were the parents of Ephraim Mayo.Ephraim Mayo married Sarah Laughton.The latter were the parents of Sally AnnMayo. Samuel W. Huntington, Sally Ann’shusband, was a prominent Hallowell man-ufacturer who prospered during the CivilWar producing clothing for the UnionArmy.
Samuel L. Huntington, the son of
DiscoverMaine 33
(Continued on page 34)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Samuel W. and Sally Ann (Mayo) Hunt-ington, was a prominent figure in Augustaand Damariscotta. His interests includedthe Augusta firm of Huntington, Nason& Company, a well-known clothier of thelate nineteenth- and early twentieth-cen-turies.
If you intend on researching Mayflowergenealogy, there are several unimpeach-able resources to use. The foremost ofthese are the Massachusetts Society ofMayflower Descendants Research Library,and the New England Historical & Ge-nealogical Society Research Library. Theformer is located at 150 Wood Road,Braintree, Massachusetts, and the latter at101 Newbury Street, Boston. Before driv-ing all the way to the Boston area, how-ever, it is worthwhile to visit the locallibrary to see if they have or can accessthrough interlibrary loan materials pub-lished by either society. In addition, theMaine Mayflower Society is well worthlooking into.
The Maine Mayflower Society was
founded in 1901 by Archie Lee Talbot ofLewiston. Talbot, who served as a DeputyGovernor-general of the national society,initiated research into Maine Mayflowerdescendants. It can be reached care of theMaine Mayflower Historian, P.O. Box 622,Yarmouth, Maine.
Once a Maine resident has documentedthat they are a Mayflower descendant,they become eligible to join the MaineMayflower Society. The only requirement— besides being a Mayflower descendant
— is age. Applicants must be 18 or over.
DiscoverMaine34
(Continued from page 33)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
In the first half of twentieth centurythe name Hazzard was one of thebest-known in the Kennebec Valley.
Among other things the name representedstable employment. Men and womencould count on lifelong jobs in Hazzardfactories in Gardiner, Augusta andSkowhegan. In Gardiner, Hazzard alsomeant the community spirited RobertParks Hazzard, for it was here the manwho is most associated with the Hazzardbusiness enterprises made his home.
In the manufacturing world of the firsthalf of the twentieth century RobertParks Hazzard and the name Hazzardwere most often associated with HazzardShoe, the company which produced theshoes made in Gardiner, Augusta andSkowhegan. The two were also associatedwith Beck-Hazzard, the company whichoperated a chain of close to 200 shoestores throughout the Northeast. At thenational level Robert Parks Hazzard wasidentified with such organizations as theNational Boot and Shoe ManufacturingAssociation and the federal government’sNational Industrial Conference Board.
In the world of civic responsibility andcommitment to community, the namesHazzard and Robert Parks Hazzard wereassociated with endeavors ranging fromMaine to Florida. In Maine Robert ParksHazzard was a strong supporter of the en-vironmental issues of the day, and was a
noted sportsman and outdoorsman. InGardiner, Robert Hazzard’s largessehelped build the high school and a wingof the library. Far to the south, in Sara-sota, Florida, Robert Hazzard donated thewherewithal ($8000) for the constructionof a fountain (Hazzard Fountain) whichstill graces that community’s municipalbuilding.
While both the name Robert ParksHazzard and Hazzard Shoe are mostoften associated with Maine — most no-tably Gardiner — the origin of both beginelsewhere, and the association of thename Hazzard with the shoe industry be-fore the birth of Robert Hazzard.
Robert Parks Hazzard entered the shoeindustry in 1887 in Jamestown, New Yorkat the age of nineteen. His father and hisuncle operated a shoe factory in that city,Parks-Hazzard. In 1895 Robert Hazzardleft the family company to strike out onhis own in what was then the capitol ofthe boot and shoe industry in the UnitedStates — Brockton, Massachusetts. Therehe founded Fields-Hazzard. Then, in 1902Robert Hazzard moved to Maine.
What drew Robert Hazzard to Mainewas opportunity. Hazzard became super-intendent of the Commonwealth Shoe &Leather Company of Gardiner andSkowhegan. This was the company thatmanufactured the classic Bostonian shoe.
In 1906 Robert Hazzard founded the
Snow-Hazzard Company. In 1910 Snow-Hazzard became the R. P. Hazzard Com-pany. In 1913 Robert Hazzard purchasedthe Beck Shoe Company. Beck Shoe op-erated a chain of retail shoe stores. Haz-zard changed the name to Beck-Hazzard,Incorporated. Robert Hazzard was presi-dent of both R. P. Hazzard and Beck-Hazzard.
It is almost impossible today to realizethe importance of R. P. Hazzard in theKennebec Valley of the early 1900s. In theRoaring ‘20s the Gardiner factory em-ployed some 900 workers. The Augustaplant employed another 200. TheSkowhegan plant, a bit less. During thistime period the R. P. Hazzard Companyhad an annual payroll of about one mil-lion dollars. The key to the company’s suc-cess was its target group. The companymanufactured a medium grade ofwomen’s shoes. This meant customerswere, for the most part, middle classwomen, women who were willing tospend money for footwear that had a rep-utable brand name. And they boughtthese shoes on a regular basis.
Robert Parks Hazzard’s name was well-known in Maine for more than just shoes.He had fishing and hunting camps scat-tered across the state. They were a bitmore than camps, however. They wereopulent log homes. The one near
DiscoverMaine 35
(Continued on page 36)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Gardiner, where Hazzard made his per-manent home, was noted for its rustic mu-nificence — if the latter terms cannot besaid to be mutually exclusive.
In the mid-1920s Robert Hazzard alsobuilt a summer home at Grand Beach inOld Orchard Beach. In style it was likenothing ever seen in the state of Maine. Itwas Spanish architecture! It was on GrandBeach Avenue, and commanded a view ofthe ocean that was considered unparal-leled.
Hazzard Shoe, like the Maine shoe in-dustry as a whole, went into a period ofdecline as foreign competition came to thefore. Today the records of Hazzard Shoeare largely a subject for the historian.About 1970 Hazzard Shoe companyrecords became the property of SpecialCollections of the Folger Library at theUniversity of Maine. Beck-Hazzard ShoeStores, however, continue to sell shoes inNew Jersey and elsewhere.
As for Robert Parks Hazzard, the timehas come for a biography of this remark-
able man who made Maine and the Ken-nebec Valley his home, and in so manyways left his mark on both. Perhaps one
will be written in the not-too-far future. It
is more than overdue.
DiscoverMaine36
(Continued from page 35)
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DiscoverMaine 37
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Sigma Kappa Sorority is one of the
most unique philanthropic institu-
tions in the country, having as it does
long-standing ties to Maine. The national
college sorority has as one of its philan-
thropies the Maine Seacoast Mission.
Among other things, the Maine Seacoast
Mission operates the famous Sunbeam V, the
mission ship that operates out of Bar Har-
bor and serves the islands of the Downeast
region and Maine counties of Hancock and
Washington. Sigma Kappa has been one of
the mission’s benefactors since 1918, con-
tributing to its programs which provide re-
lief to the needy in the form of clothing,
food, shelter and medical supplies in times
of crisis.
Sigma Kappa chose the Maine Mission-
ary Society as one of its philanthropies be-
cause the sorority was first established in
Maine. It was founded at Colby College in
the school year 1873-74. Colby College was
the first men’s college in New England to
admit women.
In 1871 Mary Chaffrey Low became the
first woman to attend Colby. In 1873 she
was joined by Elizabeth Gorham Hoag, Ida
May Fuller, Frances Mann and Louise Helen
Coburn. These five, being the only females
on an all-male campus, drew together to
form a society modeled on Phi Beta Kappa
to promote social and literary functions for
women.
Two of my family members joined Sigma
Kappa at their respective colleges. Both
have Maine ties. Katherine Howe was a
Sigma Kappa at Jackson College of Tufts
University. Until the time of her death she
summered at Bailey Island. Sarah Howe, her
niece, joined Sigma Kappa at the University
of Massachusetts. She worked at the Mon-
hegan House on Monhegan Island in the
summers to help defray her college ex-
penses. My cousins are just two examples of
Sigma Kappas who have felt the draw that
Maine has on this nationwide sorority that
supports the Maine Seacoast Mission. In-
triguingly, the five unique women — and
they were unique — who founded the first
Sigma Kappa chapter at Colby also all had
Maine ties. Perhaps this in part explains why
this sorority with 105 college chapters and
135 alumnae chapters has endured and
grown as it has, and why it continues to sup-
port a worthy Maine institution like the
Maine Seacoast Mission.
Mary Chaffrey Low was born in Water-
ville to Ira and Ellen (Chaffrey) Low in
1850. Ira Low was a successful Waterville
pharmacist.
DiscoverMaine38
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by Charles Francis
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Elizabeth Gorham Hoag, born in 1857,
was another Waterville girl who grew up at-
tending the same Quaker Meeting House as
Mary Low. Unlike Mary Low, Elizabeth
Hoag grew up fatherless. She and her
mother lived with her grandmother.
Ida May Fuller was a Brunswick native.
Born to Joseph and Annie (Brown) Fuller
in 1858, she came from a family whose male
members traditionally attended Colby. Her
brother Blin, who had the typical masculine
attitudes of the day regarding education for
women, refused to attend Colby because Ida
was a student there. Ironically, his two
daughters went on to higher education, join-
ing Sigma Kappa in the process.
Frances Mann was from Yarmouth. Her
parents, William and Charlotte, operated a
prosperous farm in Freeport. Frances was
teaching in Rockport, Massachusetts when
she decided to attend Colby.
Louise Helen Coburn came from one of
the most prestigious families in Maine —
the Coburn family of Skowhegan. Her fa-
ther Stephen, a Colby graduate, was a con-
gressman, and her Uncle Abner was a
governor of Maine.
Of the five founders of Sigma Kappa all
but one lived into old age. Elizabeth Hoag
died when she was eighteen in 1875. The
cause of her death was tuberculosis.
The other founding sorority members
lived to play roles in the expansion of their
sorority and to see the Maine Seacoast Mis-
sion become one of the sorority’s philan-
thropies in 1918.
Mary Low was Colby valedictorian in
1875. She went on to marry and teach
school in Augusta. Her later years were
spent living with her daughter in Cambridge,
Massachusetts. There she entertained Sigma
Kappas from Boston University and Jack-
son College. Katherine Howe, my cousin,
attended Low’s teas and listened to her tell
what a worthy cause the Maine Seacoast
Mission was. It was Low’s stories of Maine
that led my cousin and her husband to pur-
chase a summer home on Bailey Island. In
turn, it was Katherine Howe who encour-
aged her Sigma Kappa niece to get a job on
Monhegan Island.
Ida Fuller moved to Kansas and married
there. Her niece Abby, daughter of Blin
Fuller, founded the University of Kansas
chapter of Sigma Kappa. Ida Fuller served
as the chapter’s housemother for a number
of years.
Frances Mann married a fellow Colby stu-
dent, George Hall. The two were career
teachers.
Louise Helen Coburn had a notable ca-
reer as a writer and botanist. Involved with
Colby all her life, she, along with Mary Low,
fought the move to return Colby to all-male
status by creating a separate women’s divi-
sion in 1890. Their effort failed. Coburn be-
came the college’s first female trustee.
Colby banned all fraternities and sorori-
ties at in 1984. The reasons in part had to
do with hazing. Undoubtedly, the five
founders of Colby’s Sigma Kappa would
have deplored some of the practices
adopted by latter day fraternities and soror-
ities. One can be just as assured they would
approve the fact that Sigma Kappas across
the country still feel ties to Maine — ties
that are demonstrated with the sorority’s
support of the Maine Seacoast Mission.
DiscoverMaine 39
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DiscoverMaine 41
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Icannot remember how many times in my life I’ve seenmy name, both first and last, mangled beyond recogni-tion. And yet, I chose to keep this quirky, French sur-
name even after I was married. Call it what you will, but Iguess I am as proud of my heritage as any man would be ofhis.
The Lanteigne name originated in the Brittany region ofFrance. Sometime in the early- to mid-1700s Louis deLanteigne migrated to the shores of New Brunswick,Canada, thus planting the first of countless generations ofLanteignes in the New World. They say the Lanteigne con-stitution is strong, that we all live to a ripe old age, and thatthere is something in the salt air that seems to pulse in theblood of anyone with that last name.
Five generations of Lanteignes have called Maine “home”beginning with my great grandfather, Pierre UrbainLanteigne, affectionately known as “Reuben.” He was born in1899 in a beautiful fishing village called Caraquet, New
DiscoverMaine42
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Brunswick. He had five brothers and foursisters — not uncommon for a FrenchCatholic family. Reuben moved to Mainelooking for work. He first worked as a car-penter, and then gained employment atWyandotte Worsted Co. as a millwright inWinslow where he worked for twentyyears. My great grandfather was the firstof four Lanteigne generations represent-ing the proud French-Canadian contribu-tion to the manufacturing sector ofMaine’s mills.
The second generation of mill workersin the Lanteigne family was representedby Francis Eugene Lanteigne, born in Wa-terville in 1915. Gramp lived with hisAunt Vesta and Uncle Lafey on their farmin Rome. When he married my grand-mother Alice Reynolds in 1936, they livedwith old Lafey and Vesta. Gramp workedmost of his professional career as a mill-wright at Keyes Fibre in Waterville. Hecarried on the blue-collar tradition ofgood, honest work at a mill begun by hisfather. He retired in 1979 after twenty-four years of service and died in 1998.
DiscoverMaine 43
(Continued on page 44)
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Caraquet: l to r Germaine lanteigne, pierre "reuben" lanteigne,Gene lanteigne, Judy (lanteigne) Buzzell circa 1955, Caraquet,
New Brunswick, Canada. this would be my great-great-grand-
mother, great-grandfather, grandfather, and aunt.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
My father represents the third genera-tion of mill workers in the family. Chris-tened Eugene Henry Lanteigne, my fatheris known to everyone as “Buddy.” Aftergraduating from Williams High School inOakland in 1962, he enlisted in the U.S.Marine Corps. Eventually my fatherworked eight hours a day, seven days aweek, for thirty-four years at Keyes Fibre,where his father had worked most all ofhis life. He retired in 2002 and eventhough he no longer “works” for a living,he never rests and for this reason nevergrows old.
My brother and I represent the fourthgeneration of Lanteignes. Josh is em-ployed by one of the few remaining man-ufacturing plants left in Maine and may bethe last in line of those Lanteignes carry-ing out the hard but proud work in man-ufacturing. I graduated from theUniversity of Maine at Farmington in1995, the first Lanteigne to graduate fromcollege, and became a teacher. As papermills die out and the economy shifts, thecurrent and future Lanteigne generations
DiscoverMaine44
(Continued from page 43)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
will move into 21st century jobs, such asthose in technology and renewable energy.
My children represent the fifth genera-tion of Lanteignes. There was much angstafter finding out our first baby was goingto be a boy. The Lanteigne name must goon, yet how could I deprive my husbandof passing on his last name? A “deal” wasstruck. While our son would get my hus-band’s last name, I would choose his firstname, Keeling. In 2003 our second sonBraden was born in Waterville, the townof his mother’s, grandfather’s and great-grandfather’s birth. While my boys do notshare my last name, I hope that somehow,someday, they will find a way to keep thename alive. I doubt they will find employ-ment in the manufacturing sector whenthey are older — they will be part ofMaine’s new economy.
We are a family much like any otherMaine clan, but our roots are deep in thisgreat state. The Lanteigne family has lived,worked, and died in central Maine for overa hundred years. If it’s true what is saidabout the Lanteigne constitution, I don’texpect that to change anytime soon.
DiscoverMaine 45
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
August of 2010 marked the 80thanniversary of the disappearanceof Supreme Court Justice Joseph
F. Crater. At 41 years of age, he disap-peared after traveling from his summerhome in Belgrade Lakes to NewYork City. He told only his wife,Stella Wheeler Crater, that he hadbusiness to attend to in the city,and more than ten days passed be-fore his wife began to worry.However, it wasn’t until the Au-gust 25th when he missed a courtappearance that his friends startedto take the disappearance seriously. It was-n’t until September 3rd, almost a monthafter his disappearance, that the police ac-tually got involved.
For the first few years after his disap-pearance, the rumors were many. Because
he often had dealings with both womenand disreputable characters, it was thoughtthat he was probably murdered by either aformer mistress or someone who was un-happy with the outcome of a business
deal. In fact, though, all of the evidencepointed to the fact that he was probablymurdered by someone he had taken for aride.
Others thought he may have wanted outof his life and simply checked out to be-
come someone new. This is what most be-lieved, especially after his wife came homefrom a trip in 1931 to find a dresserdrawer containing four envelopes. Oneheld almost $7,000, another held stock
certificates and bonds, and an-other held life insurance policiesand the deed to their property inBelgrade Lakes. The last containeda note to her that ended, “Am veryweary. Love, Joe.” The police hadnot found these envelopes whenthey had earlier searched thehouse.
When the police put out a poster offer-ing a $5,000 reward for information re-garding the whereabouts of Judge Crater,calls came in by the hundreds. For manyyears the police were overwhelmed bycalls, but none actually produced a good
DiscoverMaine46
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what Happened To The Judge?Judge with summer home in Belgrade disappeared in 1920
by Penny S. Harmon
When the police put out a poster offering a $5,000 reward for information regarding the whereabouts
of Judge Crater, calls came in by the hundreds. For many years the police were overwhelmed by
calls, but none actually produced a good lead. However, many still believed that Judge Crater
had simply changed lives.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
lead. However, many still believed thatJudge Crater had simply changed lives.
This all changed in April of 2005 whenStella Ferrucci-Good, from Bellerose, NY,died at the age of 91. She left a note be-hind that was marked “Do not open untilmy death.” In this note, she claimed tohave knowledge of Judge Crater’s death.
She claimed that her late husband,Robert Good, and Charles Burns, bothpolice officers with the NYPD, along withFrank Burns, Charles’ brother and cabdriver, had killed Judge Crater. She alsostated that he had been buried on ConeyIsland, under the boardwalk, where theNew York Aquarium is currently located.
After this note surfaced, it was foundthat a Charles Burns did serve from 1926until 1946 on the NYPD, and some ofthat time was spent on Coney Island. Itwas also discovered that when the aquar-ium was under construction in the 1950s,skeletal remains were found. Unfortu-nately, as they did not have the technology,those remains could not be linked to anymissing person, including Judge Crater.
Many wonder why the remains of thoseskeletons found on Coney Island have notbeen exhumed so that the technologyavailable today could be used to clarifywhether they do indeed belong to JudgeCrater. Sadly, these skeletal remains werereburied in Potters Field on Hart Island inunmarked mass graves. To find the rem-nants of what could be Judge Craterwould require digging up the coffins thatare stacked three high, two across, and inrows of 25. In other words, it is an im-possible feat.
Others wonder whatever happened toJudge Crater’s wife. After his disappear-ance, Stella spent a lot of her time at herhome in Belgrade. Stella did write downher thoughts about her husband’s disap-pearance and it was published in 1961.“The Empty Robe” gives a solid accountof the details of her husband’s disappear-ance, but, more importantly, it gives in-sight into her belief that her husband wasan honorable man, despite what themedia, friends, and associates stated.
Her belief in her husband may have
been the reason that she held onto theproperty in Belgrade Lakes for so longafter his disappearance. Having spent a lotof time there with her husband, she prob-ably felt closest to him by the lake. Shedid, however, remarry in 1939 to KarlKunz. Unfortunately, this marriage didnot work out for her. She did hold ontothe property in Maine for another 10years. Since 1949 the property has onlychanged hands one more time, being soldto the current owner in 1977. Stella passedaway at the age of 82 in 1969.
While the disappearance of JudgeCrater still remains a mystery 80 yearslater, everyone has their own thoughtsabout what really happened. The case wasclosed in 1979, only to be reopened whenMs. Good’s letter came into play. Unfor-tunately, we have no way of knowing howthis man with connections to Maine died.Was he murdered and buried on Coney Is-land? Or did he make the choice to leavebehind his wife, who continued to honor
him even after he disappeared?
DiscoverMaine 47
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Freeman Knowles’ last resting placeis Mount Moriah Cemetery. Hisgrave is well up this particular for-
mation of South Dakota’s Black Hills.Not far from where Knowles lies onefinds gravestones of some of the most fa-mous of Old West icons. James Butler“Wild Bill” Hickok is here. So is MarthaCanary, A.K.A. Calamity Jane.
Mount Moriah is in Deadwood. Thecemetery encapsulates more than a mod-icum of local history and some historythat extends beyond the immediate locale.Seth Bullock, credited by some for givingTeddy Roosevelt the idea for forming theRough Riders, has his final resting placehere. Bullock was Deadwood’s first sher-iff. He spearheaded the drive to have thefirst Black Hills memorial to Teddy Roo-sevelt placed atop nearby Mt. Roosevelt.
Mount Moriah Cemetery has a chil-dren’s section. It speaks to nineteenth cen-tury diseases like scarlet fever anddiphtheria. It has a mass grave filled bymill workers that died in a hotel fire. Italso has a Civil War section. FreemanKnowles could have been placed here. Hefought in the war. He was a veteran of thefamous 16th Maine. Knowles isn’t here,though. He has his own special place atMount Moriah. The reason for this hap-penstance may have something to do withthe fact Knowles was a Congressman. Heonly served a single term, though.Knowles’ accomplishments as a veteranstand above those of his tenure in theHouse of Representatives.
Freeman Knowles was best known inDeadwood and the surrounding region aseditor and publisher of the Lead Lantern.
The Lantern serves as the link to Knowles’real notoriety. That notoriety rests onKnowles’ reputation as a “flaming” out-and-out Socialist.
Freeman Knowles was a Populist. Thismeans he was friend to the working man.In the Dakotas, working man meantminer, and, to a lesser extent, farmer andmill worker. Knowles stood up for thesegroups when he was in Congress. Hisgreatest service on behalf of the BlackHills working man came with the Lantern,however. And it was the Lantern thatbrought about Knowles’ downfall. TheLantern brought Knowles to the attentionof William Randolph Hearst. The power-ful yellow journalist didn’t like it that alocal paper could steal some of his ownself-generated thunder as the friend of theworking man.
DiscoverMaine48
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freeman KnowlesFlaming Socialist by way of Harmony
by Charles Francis
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
The above few allusions are indicativeof the fact that Freeman Knowles was afighter. It just might be more appropriateto identify him as first of all a fighter, andthen “flaming” Socialist, though the twodo seem inseparable in this particular in-stance.
Deadwood is in Lawrence County,South Dakota. Lawrence County wasmost definitely Knowles’ county. He wasthe Socialist movement there and with hispassing the movement passed, too. Thatpoint aside, just how much of a fighterwas Freeman Knowles?
When Freeman Knowles signed upwith the 16th Maine in June of 1862 hewas barely five months shy of his six-teenth birthday. How did he get away withenlisting? The answer is that the teenagerlied about his age. Knowles said he waseighteen.
The muster list of the 16th Maine givesyoung Freeman Knowles’ hometown asSkowhegan. That’s not quite right, either.Actually he was from Harmony. He wentto school in Skowhegan, though. He wentto Bloomfield Academy. These few factsnow bring us to the 16th Maine.
The 16th Maine is one of the state’sgreat Civil War regiments — one of thetruly remarkable ones. Were it not for thevagaries of popular history we mightknow as much of the 16th as we do of the20th Maine. The fame of the 16th Mainerests on events leading up to Gettysburg.That story is as follows.
Union and Confederate troops are jock-eying for position along the Chambers-burg Pike. Chambersburg Pike leads toGettysburg and Cemetery Ridge.
Whichever side gains control of the Pikewill have the advantage in moving troopsto high ground. This is the situation whenthe 16th Maine comes to the fore. This isthe situation when the 16th leaves its markin the battle that is referred to as the turn-ing point of the War Between the States.
The 1st Corps, which includes the 16thMaine, is assigned to stop the Confederateadvance. The 11th Corps is brought up assupport. The two corps are unable to stopthe Confederates. They retreat to regroup.As the mass of Union forces retreats, the16th is ordered to provide cover. As to theexact number of the 16th at this point,that figure seems conflicted, however, 275appears more than once. Incredibly, theactions of these 275 allow for the orderlyretreat of the two corps. Though the 16theventually capitulates, the Confederatesdo not have the satisfaction of taking theregiment’s colors. The men of the 16th ripthe regimental flag into small pieces. Eachtakes a swatch. The record states justthirty of the 16th escaped to fight again.There are dead and wounded. 169 are
taken prisoner. Freeman Knowles is oneof these. He is eventually paroled.
After the war Knowles seems to havealternated between living in Maine and thewest. He married and fathered six chil-dren, five of them girls. All of his childrenare born in Maine. 1869 finds him prac-ticing law in Denison, Iowa. In 1879 theentire family is living in Crawford, Iowa.Here Knowles supports himself and fam-ily as a carpenter. From Iowa it is on toNebraska, and then the Black Hills. It is atthis point Knowles finds his life work asan activist and as a newspaper publisherand editor. He publishes two papers andthen the Lantern.
Freeman Knowles makes the Lead
Lantern the mine workers’ voice. Biting ed-itorials for better pay and hours at mineslike the Homestake are Knowles’ entryport to politics. He is elected to Congressin 1896 as a Populist, the party of thewest. His one term in Washington is col-orless. The same is not the case upon hisreturn to the Black Hills.
DiscoverMaine 49
(Continued on page 50)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
In 1906 William Randolph Hearst runsfor Governor of New York. He runs asthe friend of the working man. In linewith this he sends an investigative reporterto the Black Hills. Hearst knows there istrouble at the Homestake Mine. FreemanKnowles has covered it in the Lantern.Part of the problem is hours. The Home-stake has a ten-hour day. Hearst has al-ready attacked a mine with an eight-hourday. There is no compensation for injuryat the Homestake. Homestake workersand guards have clashed. Guards havekilled workers. All of this has been re-ported in the Lantern.
Ironically, William Randolph Hearstdoesn’t try to one-up Knowles by takingafter the mine owners with his powerfulchain of newspapers. He supports theowners. He wants to destroy Knowles. Hisploy is to support libel cases againstKnowles. He does it with money and inhis papers. Knowles comes out the loser.His paper folds and he goes to jail.
Freeman Knowles died in 1910. It waseither during surgery or as a result of sur-gery. Today the boy who left BloomfieldAcademy and lied about his age to join theUnion Army is famous in Deadwood andthe entire Black Hills region as “the flam-ing” Socialist who championed the rightsof the working man. What more couldone ask than to be remembered as stand-
ing up for the underdog?
DiscoverMaine50
(Continued from page 49)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
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l.C. morse Cottage, liberty. item #107506 from theeastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and
www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
Week-old fawn at maynard’s in rockwood. item#110142 from the eastern illustrating & publishing
Co. Collection and ww.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine52
5 Church St., P.O. Box 498, Searsport, ME 04974
(207) 548-2529email: images@pmm-maine.org
www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org
The photography Archivesat the Penobscot Marine Museum
contains more than 85,000 images fromdozens of collections including the
archive of the Eastern Illustrating &Publishing Co. The images are
available for research, licensing, education and beautiful fine art prints.
the Square in North anson. item #101791 from the eastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and
www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 53
• licensed First Classlandscape andutility Arborist # FCl2209
• licensed MaineCommercialMaster Pesti-cide Applicator
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Everybody likes a winner. It’shuman nature to identify with awinner. That’s why so many of us
wear a T-shirt or hat or sweat shirt em-blazoned with the name of a particularteam or player. And inevitably the name isthat of the very best we can find. For anynumber of reasons no one wants to belinked to a loser.
Back in the winter of 1943-44, fans ofthe Waterville Purple Panthers boys’ bas-ketball team had the great fortune ofbeing associated with, or being able toidentify with, a group of Maine athleteswho went all the way. The 1943-44 PurplePanthers amassed a perfect record thatbasketball season.
The perfect 28-0 Purple Panther seasonis unique in Maine schoolboy hoop his-tory. It includes something more than
being a state champion. True, Watervillewas state champ. In reaching this loftygoal Waterville defeated Millinocket’sStearns High Minutemen in the Region-als. Any team that notches a win overStearns is worthy of note. From the Re-gionals the Purple Panthers went on tobeat Portland. That meant Waterville hadbragging rights as the best of Maine’sbest.
The real bragging rights of the 1943-44Purple Panthers doesn’t just rest on beingstate champs, though. The laurels herehave to do with being New Englandchamps. The Maine Sports Hall of Famefairly trumpets the fact that the ‘43-44 Wa-terville team is the only Maine team to wina New England championship when thefield included representatives from eachof the New England states, including
Connecticut.In winning the New England Inter-
scholastic Basketball Tournament of 1944Waterville beat another undefeated team,the Eastern Massachusetts regional win-ner Somerville. The reason whySomerville is noted as being the easternMassachusetts winner is that Massachu-setts and Connecticut sent two teams eachto the New Englands at this time. Theother New England states only sent one.
Sports buffs love sports history. It ishistory that makes the stuff of legend andWaterville had the stuff of legend back inthe ‘43-44 season. That legend includes aFreshman starter named Ted Shiro. It in-cludes flashy guard John Mitchell drib-bling out the clock against Somerville in afeat of ball-handling perhaps never seenat the high school level. And it includes
DiscoverMaine54
Maroon insurance agencyCelebrating over 50 years of service and for generations to come
Auto • Home • Life • BusinessAllstate Insurance Company, Allstate Indemnity Company,
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John O. Gallant, Director
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222 College AveWaterville, Maine207-872-5602
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A.E. HodSdon EnGinEERSEstablished 1974
Civil hMechanical henvironmentalSpecialists in the Water utility Field
Site Development & Permitting
10 Common Street hWaterville
873-5164Email: al@aehodsdon.com
~ Engineers Who Still Practice As Professionals ~
g&D Auto REpAiRg&D Auto REpAiRdEALERSHIP qUALITy AT REASOnABLE RATES
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877-6610877-6610218 College Ave • Waterville
The waterville JuggernautUnlikely contender in 1944 New England tournament
by Charles Francis
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
one team member, Red Noel, leaving thePurple Panthers in January to serve withthe Marines in the Pacific theater.
That Waterville was 1944 New Englandchampion is remarkable in itself. The rea-son has nothing to do with the competi-tion. That reason is that the tournamentmight not even have occurred. The 1943tournament didn’t. It was the war. WorldWar II was raging in Europe and the Pa-cific.
There is another reason why the ‘44tournament is remarkable. Connecticutdidn’t have a team in the final. Connecti-cut dominated the tournament as no otherNew England state had. The moderntournament began in 1921. From that yearuntil 1962, Connecticut won the NewEnglands twenty-six times.
When Somerville made it to the finalsand there was no Connecticut opponent,the Massachusetts high school was ex-pected to emerge as New England hoopchampion. After all, Waterville was viewedas having sort of backed into the champi-onship game by defeating two of the tour-
nament’s weaker teams, the New Hamp-shire representative from Portsmouth andDe Lasalle Academy of Newport, RhodeIsland. The score of the first game hadbeen 58-38; the second 42-37. It didn’tmatter that back in Maine the Purple Pan-thers had defeated Stearns and Portland— teams that would have been competi-tive in the New Englands — by 66-39 and53-33 respectively.
The New England Interscholastic Bas-ketball Tournament of 1944 was held inProvidence, Rhode Island, at Brown Uni-versity. The Brown venue didn’t have theaccommodations of Boston Gardenwhich would see standing-room-onlycrowds of 13,000 for a New England final— nevertheless, the Providence crowdswere the biggest the Purple Panthersplayed in front of that year, and Watervillepresented them with a treat no one out-side of Maine could have foreseen, forWaterville was, indeed, a juggernaut.
The word juggernaut may be capitalizedor lower case. Capitalized, it refers to anIndian idol that was drawn on a gigantic
cart. Devotees of the Hindu god wouldthrow themselves under the cart’s wheelsto their destruction. When lower case, jug-gernaut is used to identify an overpower-ing force such as a great battleship orunbeatable sports team.
The Somerville basketball team ranafoul of a juggernaut at Brown Universityin the New England championship game.That this was the case was clear to everyfan in the stands from the beginning. Thescore at the end of the first quarter was
DiscoverMaine 55
(Continued on page 56)
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877-7336Mention discover Maine Magazine for
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gIve.Support more than 30 local programsthat help over 13,000 individuals and
families every year.PO Box 91, Waterville, ME 04903
207-873-0686
aDvocate.Raise your voice and raise awareness!
Sign up for our newsletter: “Be Way connected” at
www.unitedwaymidme.org
voLunteeR.Share your abilities and vision. visit:
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FREE: Nutrition; Physical Activity;Tobacco Cessation Policy;
Colorectal Cancer Prevention; andChronic Disease Prevention.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
18-2. For the rest of the game, Watervilleplayed ball control. It was a frustrating ex-perience for the Massachusetts team.
There are a few Maine basketballcoaches who have been masters of ballcontrol. George Wentworth of Stearnscomes to mind here. Wentworth coachedDave Pound, who went on to coach atSearsport and Cony. He, too, was a masterof ball control. Wally Donovan, the Pur-ple Panther coach, was another master ofball control. And Donovan had a masterball handler in Johnny Mitchell.
Somerville simply couldn’t adjust to thePurple Panther’s style of play. The firstquarter had been run and gun. After thatWaterville was deliberate. That’s why thefinal score was 47-34. Capping off Water-ville’s deliberation was Mitchell’s dribblingexhibition with 3:55 left on the clock toend the game.
The backdrop for the 1944 New Eng-land tournament is World War II. War isbrutal and destructive. Its opposite is civ-ilization. Civilization must be learned
anew every generation. One way of civi-lizing new generations is through sport.We see this with Wally Donovan and theWaterville Panthers of 1943-34. Othersdid, too.
The Purple Panthers returned to Wa-terville to be met by fans and dignitaries.Waterville’s mayor, George Doyle, was agreeter. So, too, was Congressman HarryGillson. Mrs. Sumner Sewell, wife ofMaine’s Governor, made a brief welcom-
ing speech.If one accepts that history repeats itself
then one may look to the past for bothgood models and for bad. If each gener-ation must be civilized as to what is high-est and best, then one may consider thePurple Panthers of 1943-44 as an appro-
priate model for that which is best.
DiscoverMaine56
(Continued from page 55)
Buy 1 Meal at regular price and get the 2nd Meal at
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GEorGE’s rEstuArAntAmerican and Lebanese Cuisine
4 union street, waterville • 872-2629Between Front and Main Street • Around the corner from joseph’s Meat Market
now opEn tuEsdAY For dinnEr 4pM-9pMwednesday-saturday, 11am-9pmjoiN uS For
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Poor Bob’s storageSnowmobiles • boats • Cars • Furniture • etc.
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Kim’s GarageKim’s Garage& 24 Hour towing service
• Auto Body Repair & Painting
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• All Types of Automotive Repairs
873-2376873-2376800-308-8869
serving the Communitysince 1973
Sunbeam Farm, Waterville. item #102876 from the eastern illustrating &publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
Val Shell’sPawn Shop
Specializing in Immediate Cash Loans Against Your Valuables
top dollar on gold in Any condition
vAl Shell’S PAwn ShoP
Always Buying, Selling and Loaning
3 Spring Street Connector, Waterville.............. 873-6324
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 57
WA InSLOWLUMInUM
VInYl & aluMInuM WIndOWS• Vinyl Siding
• Doors • Awnings • Canopies
• Gutters • Shutters
Fully iNSured • Free eStimateS
1-800-924-0412 • Fax: 873-7899Rt. 201 Augusta Rd. Winslow 873-0412
35 YEARSEXPERIEnCE
HoTHAmconcReTe
Larry Hotham
“Life begins with a good foundation”
Foundations • Floors • SlabsResidential & Commercial
Free estimates • Fully Insured
873-2679 • Cell 465-5194winslow, Maine
Silver FoxStamps and
More
Scrapbooking and Stamping Supplies, Classes, Latest Products, and More!
phone: (207) 873-5249383 Benton Avenue, Winslow, ME 04901
sheila@silverfoxstamps.com
www.silverfoxstamps.com
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B & F Fresh VegetablesVegetables
Flowers Lobsters • ClamsChristmas Trees
& Wreaths
Open 7 Days A Week
7am-7pm, May-December
Frank Kent, proprietor
873-4345327 China Road, Winslow, Maine
cRanbERRy HaRboR natuRalS
Clean Burning & Highly Fragranced Organic Wax Candles
Natural and Organic Bath & Body Products
LiSA OSEngA, PROPRiETOR
199 McGrath Pond Road
Oakland, Maine 04963
(207) 992-7931
Hand-crafted in Maine
www.cranberryharborcandles.com
lisa@cranberryharborcandles.com
Winslow post office. item #102939 from the easternillustrating & publishing Co. Collection and
www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
Fort Halifax, built in 1754 as an outpost against theindians. item #102940 from the eastern illustrating
& publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
At approximately 12:30 a.m. on
January 24, 2010, a phone call
was placed by a resident of Oak-
land, Maine, to report that there was a fire
in a downtown building. But this was not
just another building, it was a his-
toric landmark known to many
residents as the former Cascade
Woolen Mill. By the time the first
crews arrived on Cascade Mill
Road, they found the five-and-a-
half story wooden building com-
pletely engulfed in flames.
According to Fire Chief David Coughlin,
“More than 100 firefighters from 13 area
fire departments helped put out the fire.
Nobody was injured.” The next day, for-
mer co-owner Betsy Tipper surveyed the
still-smoking grounds and was saddened
by the loss. It was the last remnant of
Oakland’s historic past that dated back to
the 1880s, and it was now gone forever.
Established in 1882, the Cascade
Woolen Mill was one of many different
industries located along the Messalonskee
Stream. Like many businesses, it struggled
during its first few years but eventually
found its position in the highly competi-
tive textile industry by creating custom-
made wool and blends for a variety of
outerwear and furniture upholstery. Its
biggest competitor was the Oakland
Woolen Company (located at the top of
the Messalonskee), but after it burned
down in 1933, only the Cascade Mill re-
mained as the lone successful sur-
vivor.
In 1933 a British-born immi-
grant named Frederick Tipper
bought the mill during the Great
Depression for a very reasonable
price. According to his grandson,
Gerald Tipper, “He was living in
New York and was selling for Milliken,
and they owned the mill. They were a
large national textile company.” Seth Mil-
liken (from Portland, Maine) was one of
five founders of the mill. Tipper further
added, “My dad came up and ran it, and I
DiscoverMaine58
Buddies Meats& Groceries
CCOOMMPPLLEETTEE GGRROOCCEERRYY SS TTOORREE
Deli • BakeryFresh Meat & Produce
... and best of all FRIeNDlY SeRVICe!
43 Main St. • Oakland, Maine • 465-2621Hours: mon.-Sat. 7:30am-9pm • Sun. 8am-9pm
OPEn
7 DAYS
A WEEk
scoTT -n- scoTTie’s, inc.qUALITy COnSTRUCTIOn
New Homes • Remodeling
Additions • Decks • Kitchens
(207) 465-9796Fax 465-7861
89 Water St. • Oakland, ME 04963
Weeks & Sons dRiLLiNG
Family Owned and Operated For Over 50 Years
Specializing in Hammer drilling
Your CompletekitChEn
&bathCEntER
shOwROOMFrEE CuStOm dESIGn
Full Lines kitchen & Bath Cabinets All Styles
873-6467All Wood Custom Cabinetry
8 Lithgow Street, WinslowopEN MON.-FRI. 7AM-5PM • SATURDAY 7AM-1PM
The Cascade woolen MillEnd of an era
by James Nalley
“More than 100 firefighters from 13 areafire departments helped put out the fire.
Nobody was injured.”— Fire Chief David Coughlin
PAUL HANNA’ S PLUMBING• New Homes
• Remodels
• Camps
• Water & Sewer Pumps
• Water Filtration
Paul Hanna, Licensed Master Plumber
Serving you successfully for over 25 years
207-495 -3805Belgrade Lakes, Maine
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
came in 1967, after I
came out of graduate
school and worked for
Corning, to take over the
running of the mill…
then in 1973 we merged
with a company in Con-
necticut called Charles
House. Then I bought
the company back in
1984.”
By the mid-1980s and
early 1990s the mill was at
the peak of its overall
production,and included
250 employees from the regional area,
making it the largest employer in Oakland.
“We were doing just fine,” said Tipper, but
the success slowly transformed into the
beginning of a long and slow demise due
to a competitive foreign market. In a Jan-
uary 2010 interview with the Morning Sen-
tinel in Waterville, Tipper stated,
“Originally they [the manufactured items]
were made in the United States; then, in-
creasingly, it became more in places like
Honduras and Asia, the Far East… The
imports started coming in, and it became
just very difficult to compete with cheap
imports… and our customers started
manufacturing their garments all offshore.
They were no longer manufacturing in the
United States.”
From 1992 to 1997 the competition
against foreign-made fabrics had become
too great for the mill,
which showed in its an-
nual losses five years in a
row. Tipper recalls, “It got
so bad we could not pay
all of our taxes to the
town.” With hopes of a
revival, attempts were
made to merge the mill
with an important Aus-
trian fabric company. Un-
fortunately, negotiations
failed and the fate of the
mill was sealed. By 1998
the Cascade Mill had offi-
cially closed its doors and was turned over
to the town in exchange for more than
$400,000 in back taxes. During the fol-
lowing decade, the city-owned structure
provided space for several different ten-
ants, but K-D Display & Design has the
unfortunate distinction of being the final
business to occupy the historic building
before the devastating fire.
DiscoverMaine 59
(Continued on page 60)
north bay eStateSRoute 8 • North Belgrade
~ f o r S a l e ~
Craig AlexanderCustom Built Homes
1 & 2 acre lots with lake views fromGreat Pond overlook
Craig Alexandercell (207) 649-3749 • crgsnbe@yahoo.com
Belgrade Performance & repairs
MoBile MeChaniCsThe Full Service Garage That Comes To You!
Scott lancaster, Owner
(207) 399-9104 (Cell)Machine Shop Service
(207)495-4002 (Shop)139 Depot Rd. • Belgrade, ME 04917
Auto Repair • Heavy equipmentTruck Repair • Marine Repair
Portable Welding~ Fully insured ~
Jason Stevensexcavation & earth Work
• Septic Systems
• Bulldozing
• Gravel/Sand/Loam
• Free Estimates
• Fully Licensed
• Insured
314 Horse Point Rd. Belgrade • ME 04917
465-8254 • 649-8070
Inc.Ronald J. Bellavance, Pres.
“Featuring thestate-of-the-art
Jahn’s Jacking system”
• Foundations under homes and camps
• sill repair
• Camp jacking/Pads & Posts
Fully insured
RAy’S AUTO REPAIRExhaust • Brakes • Tune-Ups
Commercial Inspection
Heavy Truck Repair
State Inspection
24 Hour Towing
465-3528 Mobile 314-3864
Rte. 8 & 11 (Dustin Dr.) •BelgradeMon.-Fri. 8am - 5pm • Sat. by appointment
Family Owned & Operated
messalonskee Stream at oakland
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Due to the valiant efforts of the fire-
fighters, the four additional buildings of
the Cascade Mill were fortunately spared
with no loss of life or injury. The blaze
was controlled but the task was not easy.
Members of the 13 area fire departments
had successfully maneuvered the narrow
street with their equipment, battled the
freezing January temperatures, and man-
aged the frozen surfaces by using dirt for
traction. But in the end, all that remained
was a pile of charred steel and wooden
ashes that once supported the magnificent
structure. Perhaps in the future something
could be rebuilt in its place, but until then,
the location will just remain a memory of
former prosperous times in a quaint New
England town. As Tipper commented, “It
makes me feel sad that this piece of his-
tory is gone from Oakland, and I’m just
happy that I had a chance to be part of
that history and sad that it’s gone.”
DiscoverMaine60
(Continued from page 59)
B’s Home ServiceBarbara Russell
home, BusinessCamp, Yard & Garden
fall, spring orweekly Cleaning
wallpapering • PaintingRemodeling
207-397-2007Rome, Maine
webber weldingJeffrey A. webber
portable welding
AwS Certified unlimited
insured
(207) 685-9793Cell (207) 215-5119
885 Plains Road
Mount Vernon, ME 04352
@ Home electricServing you Since 1978
Steven H. Mallen, Master electrician
Commercial/Residential
Electrical Installations
24 Hour Emergency Service
Cell: 242-2227293-2140
31 Poplar Point • Mt. Vernon, ME
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
if your family goes back in Maine
history 5 or more generations and you’d like to have a
story done about your family history, give us a call.
is your family part ofMaine history?
(207) 874-7720• 800 753 8684www.discovermainemagazine.com
Discover Maine Magazine
Bathing scene at alden Camps, oakland. item #103620 from the
eastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and
www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 61
BuTCHER’SCHOICE
“Where good food and good friends meet!”
29 Main Street, Fairfield • 453-4794
Come and see why we arethe Waterville area’s
Best Steakhouse 14 years in a row!
Serving Breakfast
Fri., Sat. & Sun.
OPEn 7 daYSMon-Thurs 11am-8pm
Fri & Sat 7am-9pmSun 7am-3pm
The Best In Hand Cut Steaks
stAnlEy’sSeptic Tank Service & Construction
Specializing in Sewer LineReplacement & Video Inspection
1.800.660.78267 Middle Road
Fairfield, ME 04937
Bus. 453.9819
Fax 453.6962
Check out our
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146 Main Street • Fairfield
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Open Mon.-Sat.
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l.n. VIOlETTE CO., InC.
GeNeral CoNtraCtorS
SiNCe 1923
HOMeS • ADDITIONS
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lAND DeVelOPMeNT
lOTS AVAIlAbleNo General Contractor Markup On Materials
We Stock A Complete Line Of Building Materials
453-9323www.lnviolette.com
Po Box 59 • 1 SAvAgE StREEt • FAIRFIEld
That Maine does not forget its honored dead and its vet-erans goes without saying. Even the smallest of Mainetowns have their carefully tended memorials to those
who fought in wars past. In fact, it is doubtful if there is any-where in the state where there isn’t a war memorial either under
construction or in the process of being re-furbished at this very moment.
The honoring of Maine veteransbegins in the spring. Early everyMay, local municipal officials ortheir designates can be found plac-ing small flags at veterans’ gravesites prior to Memorial Day. Formany, the preparations leading up
to Memorial Day — the holidaythat came into existence to honor the
veterans of the War Between the States— and its accompanying ritualsmarks the real end of winter andmud season. It is when time is set
aside to clean up around and otherwise straighten or repair thewar memorials and cemetery markers dedicated to those whoserved their country at home and abroad. Veterans Day on No-vember 11 — the holiday that was set aside to mark the close ofWorld War I — marks the end of this annual practice.
The more recently constructed of Maine war memorials arethose dedicated to the veterans of the country’s most recentwars, such as the Gulf War and Viet Nam. Though it may seema bit odd, Korean War memorials fall into this category. The odd-ity is, of course, that the Korean War is now over half a centuryin the past.
Fifty years and more would seem enough time for a goodmany Korean War memorials to have been constructed and ded-icated in Maine as well as across the country as a whole. Yet, forsome five and more decades, few were. One wonders, why? Per-haps the best answer to this particular “why” lays in the fact thatmany writers and historians of today now call the Korean Warthe “forgotten war.”
1992 marks the date that Mainers really began to be aware of(Continued on page 62)
Honoring Clair Goodblood, Medal Of Honor Recipient
Veteran of “the forgotten war”by Charles Francis
Cpl. Clair Goodblood
pouliN-tuRNERuNioN hAllusW loCAl #9
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Evening & Weekend Appointments Available
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine62
Maurice & sonauto Body shop Inc.
Specializing In Collision Repair With Custom Painting
Professional Auto Body Repairing • Custom PaintExpert Frame Straightening • Priority Repair For Most Insurance Companies
Foreign/Domestic Cars & MotorcyclesSuperb Workmanship, Attention To Detail At Very Competitive Prices!
family Owned & Operated • fRee eSTiMATeS
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25 West Street • Fairfield, ME 04937 207-453-6533 mauricenson@mewireless.net
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the sacrifices Maine men made in Korea.That year marks the formation of thestate’s Korean War Veterans Association.It also marks the year that efforts beganto build a Maine Korean War memorial.Today that memorial can be found in Mt.Hope Cemetery in Bangor. As of thiswriting that memorial is yet to be com-pleted.
Bangor saw the formation of the firstKorean War Veterans Association chap-ter, the Burton-Goode-Sergant Chapter.It has been followed with the formationof more chapters. One of these is the Cpl.Clair Goodblood chapter of Augusta.
Cpl. Clair Goodblood died in action onApril 25, 1951. He was posthumouslyawarded the Medal of Honor. He was justtwenty-one when he died.
Clair Goodblood was born in FortKent. He grew up in Burnham. On Me-morial Day 1998 the Corporal ClairGoodblood Chapter, Korean War Veter-ans Association dedicated a memorial toCpl. Goodblood in Burnham. It is a fit-
ting memorial. One must see it to under-stand how fitting. Pictures are not enough.It must be seen to appreciate its emotionalimpact.
Clair Goodblood became a member ofthe United States Army at the age of sev-enteen. He was a machine gunner.
Cpl. Clair Goodblood lost his life hold-ing a position that he must have realizedwould be overrun. He held his position sothat members of his company might with-draw. He held his position with a single as-sistant. When that assistant was severelywounded, Goodblood ordered the assis-tant’s evacuation, maintaining his positionto provide covering fire for the continuedwithdrawal. When Cpl. Goodblood’s bodywas recovered, some 100 enemy deadwere found within his field of fire.
Cpl. Goodblood was attached to Com-pany B of the 7th Infantry at the time ofhis death. His company had been orderedto withdraw in the face of overwhelmingodds at the time of the action in which helost his life. Cpl. Goodblood and his as-sistant had volunteered to stay behind to
cover the withdrawal.Cpl. Goodblood and his assistant were
defending their position when an enemygrenade was thrown into their fortifica-tion. Seeing the grenade, Cpl. Goodbloodthrew himself on his assistant as a shield.Both were wounded. Clair Goodblood’sactions were of the highest caliber.
One may wonder why men like ClairGoodblood do what they do. Why theycommit to the ultimate in sacrifice, inbravery. Why they fight. Why, in the faceof all human logic, they continue on intothe whirlwind of certain destruction.
Some might use words like patriotismor love of country to explain such gal-lantry. These extraordinarily brave men dowhat they do for family, for mothers or fa-thers or wives or sweethearts. They dowhat they do for a colonel or a lieutenant.These explanations seem lacking some-how.
Perhaps the best explanation for acts ofbravery like those of Clair Goodblood isfound in the word friendship. The heroicfew do what they do for their closest
(Continued from page 61)
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 63
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friends, the men they are physically closestto. These are men with whom they eat andsleep in the worst of conditions — con-ditions like those where the enemy is justmoments away. It is under conditions likethese where men’s lives become so woventogether that they are as whipcord. Underthese conditions you cannot let someoneas close as a friend go down under fire.
If you want to learn more about Cpl.Clair Goodblood’s career in the militaryor his early life, the book Above and Beyond
the Call of Duty: The Corporal Clair Good-
blood Story, by Michael O’Brien is wellworth the time spent locating a copy. Un-fortunately, as of this writing, the book isout of print. However, if your local librarydoes not have a copy, it should be avail-
able through interlibrary loan.
tibbett’s Shoe Store, Benton. item #115963 from the eastern
illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine64
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 65
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
The doors to the gymnasium werelocked at 5:30, a full hour and ahalf before the game was to begin.
Every seat in the house was taken. It wasstanding room only. The air buzzed withanticipation. The entire town had comeout to witness history in the making, theirfirst-ever girls’ basketball team winning astate championship.
If you guessed the 1991 Gold BallTeam from my alma mater, LawrenceHigh School, you’d be right. If youguessed the 1912 Skowhegan High Schoolteam, you’d also be right. The tale of twoteams nearly eighty years removed hasmore in common than you might think.The teams represented small, centralMaine mill towns, they won their school’sfirst ever girls’ basketball championship,
DiscoverMaine66
SMaRt & EDwaRDSFunERal hoME
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oak Pond Millworkslocally owned and operated
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A Tale Of Two TeamsLawrence and Skowhegan High School girls of 1991 and 1912
by Aimee Lanteigne
the 1991 lawrence High School women’s basketball champions.
Cindy Blodgett is in the front row, fourth from right, touching the
gold ball. aimee lanteigne is in the front row, far right. (Continued on page 68)
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DiscoverMaine 67
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the 1912Skowhegan
girls basket-
ball teamchampions.
margaret
Chase Smithis second
from right.
Collections ofthe margaretChase Smith
library; Courtesy of
maine memoryNetwork,
online item#9819,
used with permission.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
and they forged the dreams of two bright-eyed young girls — stars in the making —who would steal the hearts of thousandsand who would win the love and respectof their fellow Mainers.
The world in 1912 was not the same asthe world of 1991, and certainly a far cryfrom the world of today. The earth hadnot yet known a World War, women couldnot vote, and the Titanic sailed the highseas. It was in the midst of those halcyondays that a handful of young girls ap-proached the school administration of asmall, central Maine town about forminga competitive basketball team. Not onlydid those girls earn the honor of formingthe first-ever girls’ basketball team atSkowhegan High School, they beat theboys to the punch. The young men of thecommunity had not yet fielded a team bythe time the ladies took the court bystorm.
The coach of that 1912 Skowhegangirls’ team was Miss Marion Stewart. Oneof the young charges on her team — a vi-
vacious freshman, was a Miss MargaretChase. Margaret played right center. Therules that Miss Chase had to abide by in1912, listed at the University of Wiscon-sin’s “Women’s’ Basketball” website, arehardly recognizable now. Many women’steams across the country played by men’srules, but just as many played by women’srules, of which there were at least five dif-ferent versions. In general, however, sixplayers were on the court at one time. Thecourt was divided into two zones. Onlythe centers could play both halves, butthey were not allowed to shoot. Snatchingor batting the ball was not allowed. Hold-ing the ball for more than three secondswould result in a foul. Four fouls meantyou were out of the game. You could onlydribble three times before you had to passor shoot, and the ball had to bounce knee-high. Shots were two handed and countedfor one point only. Women were also notallowed to enter the lane on free throw at-tempts. These rules were developedlargely because early twentieth-century so-ciety believed that women could not with-
stand the physical and emotional pressureinherent in competitive sports. Further-more, it was a concern that jumpingwould be harmful to the female repro-ductive system.
Is anyone else laughing with me?Coach Stewart and her 1912 team be-
came the toast of the town. DorothyHamlin reported that the club traveled allover central Maine, playing teams fromMadison, Rockland, Cony, Coburn, Farm-ington, Waterville, and Oakland, accord-ing to her March 1949 article in thePortland Sunday Telegram. Skowhegan heldthe best record in the state. The same canbe said of Lawrence’s 1991 team. And weplayed all the same teams with the excep-tion of Rockland and Coburn, the latterof which no longer existed as a school.Of Miss Chase, Coach Stewart noted she“played all over the lot (court)” and was afast player who covered her position inunusual shape. I think Coach BruceCooper could say as much about his bud-ding freshman star, Cindy Blodgett, in1991. One notable difference between the
DiscoverMaine68
(Continued from page 66)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
two teams was that subs did not get topose for the team photo in MargaretChase’s day. Only the six “starters” smiledfor the camera’s lens. Guess I wouldn’thave been in that picture!
In the early 1900s, sports teams traveledby train and spent the night in the homesof their opponents, often forming lastingfriendships. Even in 1991, our team trav-eled to the wild and woolies ofMillinocket where we spent a weekendcompeting against teams from the North-ern Maine wilderness, or so it seemed tous. No wonder these Stearns girls are sogood, we thought to ourselves. There’snothing else to do up there!
One of the players on that earlySkowhegan team found a lucky penny justbefore her first game. She carried it allthrough the season from town to town.Where the penny went, the team won.Upon graduation, the girl and her pennymoved on, and shortly thereafter theSkowhegan team faced their first loss everto Waterville on the road. The luckypenny was eventually presented to the
school to end the superstition. AtLawrence, however, superstition was ourmiddle name. We never lost in our whiteuniforms all year, so Coach predicted vic-tory from the start when we arrived at theBangor Auditorium for the playoffs wear-ing our home uniforms. We all wore whitescrunchies in our hair and the exact samepair of sneakers. One of us carried a littlerosary to every game, and we’d always hitthe lights and say the “Our Father” in thedarkness of the locker room before burst-ing out onto the court. (What would ourathletic director say if he knew we girlswere praying down there? God forbid!)
Miss Chase and Miss Blodgett playedbasketball all four years of their highschool careers, racking up the champi-onships each year they played. MissChase’s coach declared that Margaret alsoserved as team manager, was a goodsportswoman, a good athlete, and a per-severing player with an even dispositionwho remained unruffled in times of cri-sis. Thank goodness Cindy kept her coolwhen we were down seven points with
only four minutes left in that state cham-pionship game back in 1991.
Upon graduating at age eighteen, MissMargaret Chase would take over as coachof the Skowhegan girls’ basketball teamstarting in 1916. She was apparently verystrict, but this led to countless victories forher squad. (I had a coach like that once,too.) When she was not coaching, shechaperoned the team, especially on theirout-of-town jaunts. She helped officiatethe games on the evenings she had tochaperone the girls, that is until one nightin a game against Cony, she was removedfrom the floor with the explanation thatshe was “too close to the team” to be im-partial. And of course, Lawrence’s sweet-heart would go on to play in the WNBAand all over the globe before eventuallylanding back home as the head coach ofthe University of Maine women’s basket-ball team.
It is comforting to know, though worldsapart, that the tale of these two teams isso similar — that young women in 1912
DiscoverMaine 69
(Continued on page 70)
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
weren’t so different from young women in 1991, or fromyoung women today. They all benefited from the physicaltest, harkened to the thrill of victory, and cherished thememories of playing for a championship team before aproud hometown crowd. Hey, it’s true what they say: girls(of all eras) just want to have fun! Of course we know ourheroine, Margaret, would go on to become Senator Mar-garet Chase Smith, Maine’s best-known and best-lovedpolitician and the first woman to ever be nominated by amajor political party for president of the United States.Who knows if the similarities between those Skowheganand Lawrence teams will continue in the future, but, Cindy,wherever you are, if you decide to run for office… you’ve
got my vote. Resources:
Hamlin, Dorothy. “Women In Sports.” Portland Sunday Telegram 26 Mar. 1949.Print.The Maine Memory Network, Maine’s Online Museum, a Project of the Maine Histori-
cal Society. Web. 18 June 2010. <http://www.mainememory.net>.Schultz, Jenny. “Women’s Basketball.” University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. Web. 16June 2010. <http://www.uwosh.edu/archives/sports/wbasket.htm>.Wheelock, Helen. “WomensBasketballOnline: Women’s Basketball Timeline:1900-29.” WomensBasketballOnline.Com. Women’s Basketball Online.com. Web.16 June 2010. <http://www.womensbasketballonline.com/history/time-line1900_29.html>.
DiscoverMaine70
(Continued from page 69)
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Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
Water Street, Skowhegan. item #102472 from the
eastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection and
www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
“I pray my work will save thesesouls…” That is what Sebastian Ralehad written in a letter to his brother
in 1723. The Jesuit missionary was sent in1694 into what is now Norridgewock,where he directed the Abenaki mission onthe Kennebec River. An unwavering be-liever of the Roman Catholic religion anddevoted Frenchman, his strong anti-Eng-lish sentiment would eventually get himmurdered. At the time of his death, thecontrasting stories had claimed that hewas either a martyr who sacrificed himselfat the foot of a cross, or a “bloody incen-diary” who the English claimed was shotwhile reloading his pistol. But whether itwas for his religious teachings or ques-tionable hostile actions, no one ever de-nied his tireless devotion.
Born in Pontarlier, France, on January
4, 1657, Sebastian Rale eventually studiedin Dijon and joined the Society of Jesusat the age of 18. After teaching the Greeklanguage and rhetoric, he volunteered toserve in the church’s missions in NorthAmerica and joined an expedition led byGovernor and General Louis de Buade deFrontenac of New France in 1689. Fasci-nated by the Abenaki language, he learnedit fluently and admired it enough to beginwriting an Abenaki-French Dictionary in1691. By 1694 Rale was assigned to directthe Abenaki mission at Norridgewock,and devoted himself completely to teach-ing the Abenaki tribes about the Catholicreligion in hopes of their future indoctri-nation. As written in a letter to his nephewfrom a collection in the Maine HistoricalSociety:
“As it is needful to control the imagination of
the savages, too easily distracted, I pass few work-
ing days without making them a short exhortation
for the purpose of inspiring a horror of the vices
to which their tendency is strongest, and for
strengthening them in the practice of some virtue.
My advice always shapes their resolutions.”
Meanwhile, tension mounted betweenthe territories of New France and NewEngland and resulted in Queen Anne’sWar (1702-1713), which was the second ina series of French and Indian Wars foughtbetween France and England. Sensing thequestionable loyalties of the Abenakitribes, Massachusetts Governor JosephDudley arranged a meeting with tribalrepresentatives in 1703 and proposed thatthey remain neutral. But his request wasnot heard in favorable conditions. Fol-lowing years of poor treatment by Eng-
DiscoverMaine 71
(Continued on page 72)
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Jesuit missionary directed the Abenaki mission on the Kennebec Riverby James Nalley
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
lish border settlers who felt that Indianswere “vicious and dangerous wild ani-mals,” any request by the English was nottrusted. The French, on the other hand,gained the trust and support of the tribesthrough its missions that included reli-gious leaders such as Rale.
By 1713 several treaties were drawn,such as the Treaty of Utrecht and theTreaty of Portsmouth, to provide someform of peace. But the boundaries re-mained contested, and the support fromthe Abenakis for the French was unwa-vering. In August 1717 MassachusettsGovernor Samuel Shute (the successor ofGovernor Dudley) met with tribal repre-sentatives of Norridgewock and otherAbenaki leaders in Georgetown, Maine,and kindly threatened that any continuedcollaboration with the French would bringthem “utter ruin and destruction.” At thesame time, Rale continued his preachingand the tribes became more violent to-ward the English by destroying propertyand killing cattle. As stated in a letter by
the Governor-General of New FrancePhilippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil in 1720,“Father Rale continues to incite Indiansof the mission (at Norridgewock) not toallow the English to spread over theirlands.” Even when peace was consideredby the tribal leaders, Rale stated, “Anytreaty with the governor... is null and voidif I do not approve it, for I give them so
many reasons against it that they ab-solutely condemn what they have done.”Angered by the thought of the possiblepeace treaty, Rale sent an urgent letter toGovernor-General Vaudreuil asking forreinforcements. He promptly received 250Abenaki warriors from Quebec.
On July 28, 1721 the warriors, dressedin war paint and flying French flags,
DiscoverMaine72
(Continued from page 71)
www.skowheganchamber.com
2011 Event ScheduleFebruary Annual Dinner
FAB Fair
March Maine Maple Week
April Skow-pendous
May Lakewood Theater Opens
June Riverfest
August Harvest Days Golf TournamentBike NightMoonlight MadnessSkowhegan State Fair
October Haunted Hayrides
December Holiday Stroll
Please check with the Chamber office (474-3621) for
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throughout the year with dates TBD such as Skowhegan
Opera House Concerts, Concerts in the Park, horse
shows and other town activities.
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death of Father Sebastian rale of the Society of Jesus. Killed by
the english and mohawks at Norridgewock, aug. 23, 1724
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
landed in Georgetown in 90 canoes. In-cluded in the flotilla were Rale and the Su-perior of the Missions, Pierre de laChasse, who delivered a letter to Gover-nor Shute demanding that the Englishwithdraw all of their settlers fromAbenaki territory. A reply response waskindly requested within two months andany response other than a “yes” would beretaliated with burned houses and mur-dered occupants. The English, in retalia-tion, immediately boycotted the sales ofgunpowder, ammunition, and vital food tothe Abenakis.
In January 1722, 300 soldiers under theleadership of Colonel Thomas Westbrook(the colonel in charge of Maine’s militia)raided Norridgewock with plans to cap-ture Rale. But he was alerted to their pres-ence and escaped into the forest. Foundamong the priest’s possessions, however,was his strongbox (which still exists todayin the possession of the Maine HistoricalSociety), with letters implicating Rale andhow the French were urging local tribes toattack New England settlements. Accord-
ing to the Androscoggin Historical Soci-ety, Westbrook also surveyed the locationand found an inscription on the outerdoor of Rale’s church that stated:
Englishmen.
I that am of Norridgewock have had thoughts
that thou wil’t Come and Burn our Church and
Our Father’s House to revenge thyself without
cause for the houses I have burnt of thine. It was
thou that didst force me to it, why didst thou build
them upon my Land without my Consent.
I have not yet burned any, but what was upon
my land; Thou mayest burn it, because thou
knowest that I am not there, such is thy Gen-
erosity, for if I were there, Assuredly thou
shouldst not burn it., although thou shouldst
Come with the number of many hundred Men.
As revenge for the raid on Norridge-wock, the tribe burned the town ofBrunswick on June 13, 1722. Conse-quently, on July 22, as a result of the es-calating conflict, Governor Shute officiallydeclared war on the Abenaki. In January1723 Shute left for England and left hisLieutenant Governor, William Dummer,in charge. The war with its number of
skirmishes would eventually be known as“Dummer’s War” and lasted until 1725.
On August 22, 1724 a force of approx-imately 200 soldiers led by Captains Jere-miah Moulton and Johnson Harmon, leftFort Richmond (now Richmond) withplans to assassinate Rale and destroy theentire settlement. The following day, thesoldiers ambushed the village and killed26 warriors, an Abenaki chief, and Rale,whose body was further mutilated andscalped. After the massacre, the villageand church were burned down as a finalact of revenge. When the fires died, 150Abenaki survivors who had fled in theearlier ambush returned to the ruins andburied the dead. Afterwards, they packedup their belongings and left for Quebec.They never returned.
As a fitting final resting place, Rale wasburied beneath the altar where he hadpreached to all of his followers. In 1833Benedict Joseph Fenwick (the Bishop ofBoston), dedicated an 11-foot obeliskmonument placed over his grave at what
DiscoverMaine 73
(Continued on page 74)
Maple Syrup • CandyJams • Honey • Gifts
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1-800-310-3803
www.mainemaple.com
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expires 6/30/11
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207-696-4247www.hearthandhomerealty.com
274 Main Street
Madison, ME 04950
taylor’s drug Store“Your Friendly
Prescription store”
Gifts
Cosmetics
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2 old Point Avenue • Madison
tel. 696-3935
Celebrating100 years ofdedication
Automotive & Recreation
MadisonDennis Johnston: Owner
• Foreign & Domestic Auto Repair• Full Marine Service• Lawn Equipment• Bedliners• Shrink Wrapping• State Inspections: Motorcycle
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8am - 5pm
173 White School House Rd. (Rte. 148)Madison, Maine
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— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
is today St. Sebastian’s Cemetery at OldPoint in Madison. As stated in John Fran-cis Sprague’s book A Maine Tragedy of the
Eighteenth Century:
The world’s highway over which civilization has
advanced has ever been marked by blood and has
ever been the scene of carnage and suffering.
It is always the strong against the weak, who
are all unconscious participators in the eternal
struggle of the fittest for supremacy. In all history
no better illustration of this fact may be found
than in the story of the Anglo-Saxon and the
French pioneers in New England, Acadia and
New France in North America
Their brave endurance of hardship and priva-
tion, their fierce battle with the elements in a
boundless wilderness, their continual war with
savages, their constant conflict with each other,and
the ultimate triumph of the Anglo-Saxon, read
like the tales of romance.
DiscoverMaine74
(Continued from page 73)
Structural Repair & Restoration
Leveling & Jacking on Camps & Barns
Kurt Lambert
399-6634Rough Frame to Finish
Fully Insured • Free Estlimates
Madison, Maine
Sun Auto & Salvageused Auto PartsOpen
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474-5176 • FAX 474-6461 • 1-800-843-5176586 Skowhegan Road (Route 2)
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• Late Model Parts• 90-Day Warranty On Most Parts• Free Parts Locating Service• Member of Maine Auto Recyclersand Auto Recyclers of America
Jt’s FInEst kInd sAWSaws • Tractors
Brush Cutters • Ice Augers
579 Skowhegan Rd. (Rte. 2)
Norridgewock
www.finestkindsaw.com
474-9377
WHITEWaTERFaRM MaRkET
Russ dodge, Jr.
All natural Meats
natural and Organic Livestock Feed
Hay ~ Straw ~ Shavings ~ Pet Food
U.S. Route 2, new Sharon, ME 04955
(207) 778-4748Open: Mon. - Fri. 9-7 • Sat. 8-5
Decks • Additions • Remodeling • SidingINTeRIOR & exTeRIOR FINISHFully insured • Free estimatese
Mercer, Maine
207•313•3604
Cell 314-6402
168 Warren Hill RoadSmithfield, Maine
362-5652
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
arnold’s road, anson. item #103963 from the eastern illustrating &
publishing Co. Collection and www.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
Although he never worked for a railroadand seldom traveled by train, WalterMcDougall of Milo knows all about
the railroad lines that once crisscrossed Pis-cataquis and Somerset counties.
A science teacher at Penquis Valley HighSchool in Milo for some 30 years, McDougalldeveloped a passion for railroading in hisyouth, and started exploring abandoned rail-road right-of-ways in Maine. He has walkedmany a mile, has acquired many a railroad ar-tifact, and has created an extensive collectionof railroading memorabilia.
Railroading “is sort of in my blood,” Mc-Dougall said. His parents hailed from Russell,Massachusetts, where his maternal grandfatherworked as a station agent and his fatherworked as a Boston & Albany Railroad sec-tion chief “when he was young.”
The elder McDougall became a Congrega-tional minister and was pastor of the FirstCongregational Church in Bingham for morethan 30 years. That Kennebec River town
“was the end of the Maine Central [RR] Som-erset Branch,” Walter McDougall recalled.
The standard-gauge MCRR, which ownedthe Kineo House on Moosehead Lake in the1920s, would bring tourists to Bingham fortransfer to the narrow-gauge Somerset Rail-road. Plunging northwest through the thickSomerset County forest, that railroad reacheda multiple-siding terminus at Rockwood.
“The Depression helped kill tourism toKineo,” and “the railroad to Rockwoodstopped running about 1933, the year I wasborn,” McDougall said. The railroad pier stillextends into Moosehead Lake next to theRockwood boat ramp.
After the Somerset Railroad closed, haulinglumber still “was the gravy” for the MCRR,and World War II spurred train activity alongthe upper Kennebec River, McDougall re-called. “We had a train a day, hauling to the bigQuimby veneer mill. They made veneer for PTboats. There was a lot of mahogany hauled inand a lot of veneer hauled out.”
While the trains still ran into Bingham,“when I was a boy, the engineers would let meclimb into the cab to work the controls,” hesaid. “Sometimes they would even let you takethe engine off the [round] table very gingerly.That was a grand chance.”
Passenger trains had ceased running fromBingham years earlier. “The only passengertrain I remember coming into Bingham wasthe train that brought in the German prison-ers for the big prison camp up at SpencerLake,” McDougall said. “I remember goingdown as a small boy and watching that traincome in. The trucks came down and pickedup the prisoners and hauled them off.”
Throughout the 1960s the Maine CentralRailroad abandoned various branches, includ-ing its Somerset Branch. Still fascinated withrailroads, McDougall started exploring aban-doned right-of-ways during his spare time.
“I concentrated on the Somerset Railroad,”he said. “After they pulled up the track andties, we drove it steadily because my father wasa tremendous fisherman, and we fished allalong the upper Kennebec. We drove that, theold railroad bed, as a way to get to fishingholes.”
McDougall started collecting railroad itemshe found during his travels, whether along theSomerset Railroad, MCRR’s abandoned Som-erset Branch, or abandoned Bangor & Aroos-took Railroad branches in Piscataquis County.Track removal crews often tossed spikes aside;“wherever I went along the old right-of-ways,I picked up spikes,” he said. “The only smartthing I did was to tag them all. It’s amazinghow spikes all look exactly the same. I think I
DiscoverMaine 75
(Continued on page 76)
Somerset Home Improvements“Serving you for over 30 years”
Specializing In Double lockStanding Seam Metal Roofing
• Remodeling • siding• Replacement Windows
• decks • Additions
643-2505Solon, maine
Complete excavating ServicesSeptic • land Clearingearthwork • driveways
walking Through Railroading History in northwestern Maine
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darren Priest, Owner
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MOBILE SERVICE OFFERED
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine76
have a spike from almost every railroad in thestate.” After acquiring a metal detector, hefound spikes buried deep in old railroad beds.
“Some early railroaders would build a tim-ber trestle to cross a gully, and then they’dbuild a culvert from granite, even arch tres-tles,” McDougall said. “You see all this sort ofstuff as you’re walking along an old right-of-way. You see the way the railroads had to beditched to keep the water away from thetracks. You can see where granite was hand-drilled to be dynamited in a quarry.”
“Railroading is something that’s built intoyou,” said McDougall, explaining his passion.“When I was a kid, I would stand there atBingham Heights or up on the Indian Pondstretch, and I would imagine the trains comingdown through. They became part of thisworld that I never saw. It was a fascinating, ex-citing world that existed before I did.”
His railroad collection includes model trainstations. “When I got out of college, I beganbuilding all of these little train stations thathad been along the Somerset [Railroad],” in-cluding the Bingham and Solon stations, Mc-Dougall said. “It was a wonderful thing for anapartment. It becomes a world where you canimagine all kinds of things going on.”
In time, McDougall met Bangor & Aroost-
ook Railroad engineer Wayne Duplisea, a Her-mon resident who shared McDougall’s abid-ing love for railroading. Duplisea suppliedMcDougall with locomotive and car parts sal-vaged from scrapped equipment. McDougall’scollection includes a hydrostatic lubricator anda steam locomotive injector from the B&A.
McDougall gradually expanded his rail-roading collection. Explaining that “railroadgauge is measured by the weight of a yard ofrail,” he displays pieces of 45- and 100-poundrail; he also possesses a short section of 65-pound rail, which he believes “is a piece oforiginal rail from the curve going into thebridge at Norridgewock.”
McDougall displays “a piece of the GulfStream Trestle,” which stood 110 feet highand spanned a ravine “about eight miles northof Bingham.” The trestle remained standingmany years after the Somerset Railroad failed.
“The trestle itself had a spider-web look toit,” he said. “It didn’t look all that strong. I’veseen a picture of probably a dozen fullyloaded log trucks on that trestle at one time.Log trucks drove across it in the winter beforethey finally tore it down.”
McDougall acquired many railroad tools, in-cluding tampers and a large spike puller.“These are all section tools” donated by rail-road workers he has known over the years,
McDougall said. He developed friendships with many rail-
roaders, from section hands to engineers.“When I first came to Milo to teach, they werestill running steam [locomotives] on the CP(Canadian Pacific),” McDougall said. “I hadseveral close friends who were engineers, andthey would take me up to Megantic (Quebec)and down to McAdam (New Brunswick).
“I slept over in the bunkhouse. It gives yousort of a romantic view of railroading that youwouldn’t have if you had to do it every day,”he said. “They were good men, and they werekind to let me do that.”
While teaching in Milo, he learned that “thiswas a big railroading area. There were a lot ofjobs. Some of my students dropped out ofhigh school, joined the railroad, and mademore money than I did as a teacher. I won-dered sometimes about working for a railroad.
“I have a tremendous respect for railroadmen. I think they had a tremendous amountof skill and a tremendous amount of brainpower,” McDougall said.
(Continued from page 75)
Todd West welcomes you to
• Custom Fresh Cut Meats
• Fresh Produce
• All Your Grocery And Snack Needs
• Agency Liquor Store
mAin StReet • binghAm
672-5528
jimmy’SmARket
e.W. Moore & sonpharmacy
Established 1894
Big Enough to Serve you... Small Enough to Care
Prescriptions • Health & BeautyBoyds Bears • Yankee CandlesMaine Souvenirs & Postcards
Jewelry • Toys, Games & Models
Chet Hibbard, R Ph.
(tel) 672-3312
1-800-814-4495337 Main Street, Bingham
Solon Corner Market~ Full Service Grocery Store ~
Fresh Meats & Produce GroceriesPizzas & SandwichesMovie Rentals
Mon-Thurs, 6AM-8PM • Fri, 6AM-9PM
Sat 7AM-9PM • Sun 8AM-8PM
~ Agency liquor Store ~
John Dayhoof, Owner
643-2458South Main Street, (route 201), Solon
lIVe lObSTeR YeAR ROuND
north Country variety
Featuring:Chester Fried Chicken • Pizza
Hot & Cold Sandwiches
Homemade French Fries
Groceries • Beverages
Gas • Oil • Plugs and Belts
lower Main Street (just off ITS 87)bingham
Open 7 days for your convenience
207-672-3132
84 Stream Road • Moscow
We Now Do:
Four Wheel AlignmentsGeneral Auto RepairA/C WorkState InspectionsTowing
Serving you since 1990
672-4951 • 612-8779
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —
DiscoverMaine 77
Maine’s woods have always been shroudedin mystery and legend. From Native Americanaccounts of supernatural happenings to mod-ern sightings of Bigfoot, the dark northernforest has spawned incredible tales for millen-nia. Usually they are unbelievable and discred-ited by the general population. Nonetheless,sometimes they are true.
During World War II, some 400,000 Ger-man prisoners of war were sent back to theUnited States to be held in various POWcamps across the country. There were at leasteleven of these facilities in New England,which no doubt housed a large population ofthe captured Germans. Many people are fa-miliar with Camp Houlton, the largest MainePOW camp which, at its peak, had 3,700 pris-oners within its confines, but the smallercamps tend to be lesser known. Some are evenreduced to the status of being tall tales or un-founded rumors. For many years, CampSpencer held this unfortunate standing.
Located near Jackman, Maine, CampSpencer housed roughly 250-300 Germanprisoners from 1944 to 1946. Situated on onlyone and a half acres, the camp consisted of22 insulated buildings, several of which werelarge, dormitory-style structures. Five barracksmeasuring 20 feet by 100 feet were set up withdouble bunks.
The mess hall measured 140 feet by 20 feetand would comfortably seat the 250 prisoners.Cooking was done on three ranges, and therewas an electric refrigeration-equipped storeroom on one side of the building. A barricadeof barbed wire contained the stockade, messhall, barracks, wash house and a building thathoused a post exchange and workshop andserved as the chapel. A medical facility was setup with beds, a store room, a doctor’s officeand a surgery. Outside the barricade, four largesentry towers stood at each corner of thecamp, equipped with large spotlights and 30-caliber machine guns.
On July 10, 1944 the Waterville Morning Sen-
tinel ran a story which described the Germanprisoners arriving by train at Bingham stationat 3:00 in the morning amidst a convoy of U.S.Army trucks and onlookers, “young men rang-ing from 18 to 27 years of age, blonde andblue eyed” and having “W.P.” marked on thebacks of their jackets and shirts. They wereloaded into Hollingsworth and Whitney Com-pany trucks and departed at daybreak in thecompany of U.S. Army vehicles, bound fornorthern Maine.
The war brought an increased demand forpaper and the pulp wood needed to manufac-ture it. Due to the large number of men fight-ing overseas, Maine faced a labor shortage,especially in the northern woods, and theseGerman prisoners of war were seen as a tem-porary solution to the shortage. The land sur-rounding Camp Spencer was owned byHollingsworth and Whitney Company, which
Camp SpencerNorth woods POW camp used prisoners for lumber production
by Erick T. Gatcomb
(Continued on page 78)
Street view, Jackman. item #107183 from the eastern illustrating & publishing Co. Collection andwww.penobscotmarinemuseum.org
the Gateway to themaine Woods
BinghamMoscow
SolonCaratunkThe Forks
West Forks
accommodations & Restaurants
207-672-4100www.upperkennebecvalleychamber.com
ukvcofc@yahoo.com
Upper Kennebec Valley Chamber of Commerce
its 84 & 87Jean paul Carrier
lOGGING CONTRACTOR
207-668-4457PO BOx 489 • JACKMAN, ME 04945
Email: j6carrier@myfairpoint.net
MouNtAIN CouNtRy
suPERMARkEt
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Full line of groceries,Spirits & Sundries
207-668-5451
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668-4004Bakery - Deli
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554 Main Street, Jackman, Maine
new, Full Housekeeping Cabins on Long Pond.
Hiking, Boating, Fishing, Biking, RaftingPets Welcomed - Tent Sites
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12 Loop Road, Route 15Jackman, Maine 04945
long pond Camps& guide service
$30/night pp • kids ½ Price
longpondcamps.com207-668-4872
OPEn yEARROUnd
the Jackman-Moose River
chamber of commerce
P.O. Box 368 DM • Jackman, Maine 04945info@jackmanmaine.org
www.jackmanmaine.org
(207) 668-4171 • 1-888-633-5225
Four Seasons VacationlandAtving • Mountain Biking • Canoeing
Whitewater rafting • hiking
Fishing • Snowmobiling
Do you havea great ideafor a story in
DiscoverMaine?
Just contact our office with the details and we’ll put our writers to work pronto!
Email us:info@discovermainemagazine.com
Write to us:10 Exchange Street, Suite 208
Portland, Maine 04101
— Greater Kennebec Valley Region —Discover
Maine78
ran a large lumber operation out of Winslowand Madison. The prisoners cut pulp woodwhich went through a series of waterways be-fore reaching its final destination. As detailedin the Waterville Morning Sentinel, “the pulpwood cut on this operation will be drivendown Spencer Lake, through Little SpencerStream and Dead River, and down the Ken-nebec River, boomed across the 14 miles ofWyman Lake, sluiced at Wyman dam and thendriven down the Kennebec” to theHollingsworth and Whitney Company mills.
It is generally agreed upon that Germanprisoners were treated well in the Mainecamps. Able to earn money (80 cents per day)and fed well (one former POW raved aboutthe baked beans and biscuits served at CampSpencer), many of these Germans were im-pressed with the hospitality that they received.(It’s interesting to note that several formerprisoners decided to settle in Maine after thewar ended, one eventually buying a camp righton Spencer Lake as a summer retreat.)
The remote location and harsh winterswere generally a deterrent against escape, butthere were the occasional attempts. Several re-tired soldiers who were stationed at CampSpencer have told stories of Germans escap-
ing, only to wander back to camp seeking awarm meal and shelter from the hostile Mainewilderness. One Heinz Jacob had attemptedescape twice before at other camps. He madehis third attempt at Camp Spencer and was in-tercepted by border patrol within a day’s time.There is no record of any successful escapefrom Camp Spencer. The camp was closed in1946.
Covered by 60-plus years of forest debris,the camp is barely recognizable today. A fewfoundations remain and various relics litterthe site. If you stroll around the woods, youcan still see old stoves, barrels and remnantsof buildings — mostly rotting shingles andsteel doors. Off the beaten path is a smallstream, the banks constructed of landfill. No-table objects include old medicine bottles,empty Carling Black Label beer cans, moun-tains of rusty wire, Prince Albert tobacco tinsand cans which once housed non-perishablefood.
After the Army packed up, sportsmenwould occasionally use the barracks as hunt-ing camps until they were completely removedyears later. Very few people were even famil-iar with Camp Spencer while it was in opera-tion, and after its closure it was almost entirely
forgotten.That all changed in 2005 when Debbie
Achey and her Forest Hills School 8th gradeclass did an excavation of the site, uncover-ing shoes and other artifacts which were do-nated to the Jackman Historical Society.
Disappointed that such an important his-torical site went unrecognized for generations,the group worked with Elias Monuments ofMadison and the town of West Forks to havea granite monument put in place. Exactly 12miles down an unpaved logging road (SpencerRd.), located in front of an old brick oven, themonument sits proudly as a reminder of thecamp and the students’ efforts to shed light
on it.
Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.
American Lung Assocation . . . . . . . .7A to Z Picture Framing . . . . . . . . . . .66A. Maurais and Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22A.E. Hodsdon Engineers . . . . . . . . .54A.P. Lawrence & Daughter . . . . . . . .65ABT Plumbing Heating & Cooling .41ADA Fence Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Advance 1 Cleaning Service . . . . . . .55Albert’s Plowing & Lawncare . . . . . .17AL’S Certified Auto Repair . . . . . . . .35Animal House Pet Supplies . . . . . . . .63Appearances In Hair . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Arbor Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53At Home Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Augusta Civic Center . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Augusta Country Club . . . . . . . . . . . .32Augusta Seafood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Axell’s Scandinavian Inn . . . . . . . . . .36B & F Fresh Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . .57B&B Septic Tank Service . . . . . . . . . .4B&D Well Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63B. Lamarre Carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . .74Ballard Meats and Seafood . . . . . . . .38Bean & Sons Pumps & Septic Services .35Belgrade Performance & Repairs . . .59Bellevance Construction Co., Inc. . . .59Bellevance Jacking Co., LLC . . . . . . .59Bennett’s Custom Carpentry . . . . . . .64Benton Family Fun Park . . . . . . . . . .46Bill Allen Land Services . . . . . . . . . .24Blanchet Builders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Blanchette Moving & Storage . . . . . . .6Bliss Septic Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70Bloom & Bloom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Bob’s Cash Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Bond Brook Pancake House . . . . . . .19Boy Locksmith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Brothers Transportation Service . . . .33Browns Construction & Sons . . . . . .27Bruce A. Manzer Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . .49B’s Home Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Buddies Meats & Groceries . . . . . . .58Buen Apetito Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55Butcher’s Choice Restaurant . . . . . . .61C & C Spray Foam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Camper Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Canty Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Cape Hill Carpentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Capilo Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Captain Lewis Residence . . . . . . . . . .30Central Maine Endoscopy Center . . .45Central Maine Pyrotechnics . . . . . . .34Central Maine Septic . . . . . . . . . . . . .71CH Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Chase Toys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Chateau Cushnoc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18China Area Wash & Dry . . . . . . . . . .14CMC Technology Group . . . . . . . . .32Cobb’s Pierce Pond Camps . . . . . . . .49Coldwell Banker/Thomas Agency . .10Computer Improvements . . . . . . . . .70Countryside Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . .29Cranberry Harbor Naturals . . . . . . . .57
CT’s Outside Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . .62D.H. Pinnette & Sons, Inc. . . . . . . . . .5D.P. Welding & Fabrication Inc. . . . .75D.R. Salisbury Foundations . . . . . . . .50DAC Distributers, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .63Damon’s Beverage Mart . . . . . . . . . .15Damon’s Pizza & Italians . . . . . . . . .17David F. Bowden Foundations . . . . .64David Stevens Excavation & Septic .44Davis Dirt Works & Excavation . . . .23DB Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Debra Achramowicz CPA . . . . . . . . .42DeCato Builders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Denis Frigon Logging . . . . . . . . . . . .51Don’s Chimney Care & Stove Shop .40Don’s Seasonal Service . . . . . . . . . . .71Double D Truck & Auto Repair . . . .23Dube Environmental Inc. . . . . . . . . .38Dunkin Donuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Dunn & Pakulski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70Dun-Wright Lawn Care . . . . . . . . . . .29Dyers Soda Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3E.H. Ward & Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73E.J. Carrier Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78E.W. Moore & Son Pharmacy . . . . . .76Ed Bouchard Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Ed Hodson Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Enterprise Farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Eric’s Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Evergreen Self Storage . . . . . . . . . . .66Expert Tire Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Fairfield Antiques Mall . . . . . . . . . . . .5Fairfield Drafting & Construction . .62Family Pet Connection & Grooming . .71Fine Line Paving & Grading . . . . . . .48Finish Line Construction . . . . . . . . .48Finish Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Fleet Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Floormaster North . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Four Winds Too Lobster Co. . . . . . .39Fox Small Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Franklin Savings Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Freddies Service Center . . . . . . . . . . .23G&D Auto Repair & Sales . . . . . . . .54Galeyrie Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Gallant Funeral Home Inc. . . . . . . . .54George’s Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Gerald Vermette, DDS . . . . . . . . . . .72Goggins IGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Graf Mechanical Service Inc. . . . . . .67Group Adams Propane Service . . . .21Grover Woodworking . . . . . . . . . . . .40Half Moon Gardens . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Hammond Lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Healthy Maine Partnership . . . . . . . .55Hearth & Home Realty . . . . . . . . . . .73Heritage House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Hight Dealership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Hillside Homes, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Hilltop Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Homes & More Builders . . . . . . . . . .48Hotham Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Houle’s Plumbing & Air Conditioning . .42
Hoyt Chiropractic Center . . . . . . . . .10Hussey’s General Store . . . . . . . . . . .14Hydraulic Hose & Assembly . . . . . . . .5Insulation Solutions Inc . . . . . . . . . .44Jackman Power Sports . . . . . . . . . . . .50Jackman-Moose River Chamber . . . .78Jason Stevens Excavation . . . . . . . . .59Jewett Builders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Jimmy’s Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Joe Curran Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11John Becker Carpenter . . . . . . . . . . .18John Castonguay Logging & Trucking .39John Marvin Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Johnson Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11JT’s Finest Kind Saw . . . . . . . . . . . . .74K.V. Tax Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Kasie-Jo Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Katie Q Convenience . . . . . . . . . . . .67KD Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Kennebec Guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Kennebec Lawn Care . . . . . . . . . . . .13Kennebec Montessori School . . . . . .46Kennebec Savings Bank . . . . . . . . . .78Kennebec Valley Chamber . . . . . . . .19Kim’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Klassic Klunkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Knowlton Hewins Roberts . . . . . . . .34Kramers Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20KSW Federal Credit Union . . . . . . . .54Kyes Motel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68L.N. Violette Co. Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . .61Ladd’s Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Lamoreau Improvements Inc. . . . . . .25Lamoureux Floor Sanding . . . . . . . . . .4Lance’s Auto Service . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Lavallee’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Legacy Home Improvements . . . . . .31Linkletter & Sons, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . .65Litchfield Country Store . . . . . . . . . . .8Loads of Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Long Pond Camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Lovewell Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Luces Maine-Grown Meats . . . . . . . .49Macomber, Farr & Whitten . . . . . . .16Mac’s True Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Madison Automotive & Recreation .73Maine Historical Society . . . . . . . . . . .4Maine Maids Housekeeping . . . . . . .72Maine Maple Products Inc. . . . . . . . .73Maine State Credit Union . . . . . . . . .36Mama Bear’s Den . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Maranacook Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . .39Marco Grimaldi Concrete Floors . . . .6Maroon Insurance Agency . . . . . . . .54Maurice & Son Auto Body . . . . . . . .62Maynard’s in Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51McCormack Building Supply . . . . . .58McVety’s Hearth & Home . . . . . . . . .36Merle Lloyd & Sons . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Mid Maine Chamber of Commerce .43Mid Maine Self Storage . . . . . . . . . . . .8Mid State Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Mid-Maine Equine & Therapeutics .39
Mid-Maine Marine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Mike Wainer Plumbing & Heating . .44Milestone Communications . . . . . . .33Mitchell’s Roofing & Sheet Metal . . .24Mountain Country Supermarket . . . .78Natanis Golf Course . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Neighborhood Redemption . . . . . . .17New England Denture Centers . . . .37Nitram Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62North Bay Estates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59North Country Variety . . . . . . . . . . .76Northeast Laboratory Services . . . . .54Oak Pond Millworks . . . . . . . . . . . . .66On the Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Pagett Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Pattersons General Store . . . . . . . . . .63Paul Hanna’s Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . .58Paul Mushero & Sons . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Penobscot Marine Museum . . . . . . .52Peppers Garden & Grill . . . . . . . . . . .9Phil Carter’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Pine Tree Fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Pine Tree Orthopedic & Foot Care .41Pine View Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Pinkham’s Elm Street Market . . . . . .75Pittsfield Village Pizzeria . . . . . . . . . .64Poor Bob’s Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Poulin-Turner Union Hall . . . . . . . . .61Pro-Menders Body Shop . . . . . . . . . .28Proseal Asphalt Repair . . . . . . . . . . .43Quinn Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68R.F. Automotive Repair . . . . . . . . . . .70R.J. Energy Services, Inc. . . . . . . . . . .15Randy’s Full Service Auto Repair . . .47Ray’s Auto Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Redington Fairview General Hospital . .47Remedy Salon & Spa . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Richard Gibbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Richard Sand & Gravel . . . . . . . . . . .27Rick’s Garage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Ridge Road Landscaping . . . . . . . . . . .8Riverbend Campground . . . . . . . . . . .9Riverfront Barbeque & Grill . . . . . . .34Rockwood Excavation . . . . . . . . . . . .51Rocky’s Stove Shoppe . . . . . . . . . . . .38Rodney Ellis Jr. Construction . . . . . .39Rolfe’s Well Drilling Co. . . . . . . . . . .30Rowells Auto Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Russell’s Gems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17S&M Radiator King . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Sackett & Brake Survey, Inc. . . . . . . .72Salem Stoneworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Santos Custom Builders . . . . . . . . . . .4Scott-N-Scotties Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Second Wind Farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Senator Inn & Spa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Set Rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Shamrock Stoneworks . . . . . . . . . . . .40Shaw’s Auto Salvage . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Short Circuit Electrical . . . . . . . . . . .71Silver Fox Stamps & More . . . . . . . .57Skowhegan Chamber of Commerce . .72Skowhegan Driving School . . . . . . . . .5
Skowhegan Equipment & Tool . . . . .70Smart & Edwards Funeral Home . . .66Snowman’s Oil & Soil . . . . . . . . . . . .64Solon Corner Market . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Solon Superette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Somerset Home Improvements . . . .75Somerset Humane Society . . . . . . . .66Sonny’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Sprague & Curtis Real Estate . . . . . .31St. Alban’s Mini Mart . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Stamp-N-Scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Stanley’s Septic Service . . . . . . . . . . .61Steve Thomas Builders . . . . . . . . . . .20Stevens Electric & Pump Service . . . .9Stevens Forest Products . . . . . . . . . .22Sully’s Restaurant & Tavern . . . . . . . .28Sun Auto & Salvage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Sunco Pump & Well Drilling Inc. . . .27Sundown Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50T&B Transmission Service . . . . . . . .12Taylor’s Drug Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Temple Well Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . .25The Bankery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66The Birches Family Campground . . .26The Cabins at China Lake . . . . . . . . .31The Mailing Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20The Meadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9The Shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Tom’s Building & Remodeling . . . . .29Town of Gardiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Tri-State Staffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Trussell’s Auto Repair . . . . . . . . . . . .12Tubby’s Ice Cream . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28United Way of Mid Maine . . . . . . . .55Upper Kennebec Valley Chamber . .78Upper Pond Stables . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Val Shell’s Pawn Shop . . . . . . . . . . . .56Varney Chevrolet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Vienna Garage Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Visage Salon & Dayspa . . . . . . . . . . .17Warren Bros. Construction . . . . . . . .74Waterman Farm Machinery . . . . . . .26Webber Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Webster’s Mini Excavation . . . . . . . .20Weeks & Sons Drilling . . . . . . . . . . .58Wendall’s Lawn Care . . . . . . . . . . . . .11White & Bradstreet Inc. . . . . . . . . . .15Whites Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Whitewater Farm Market . . . . . . . . .74Whitney Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Wingate Landscape Co. . . . . . . . . . . .12Winslow Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Winthrop Area Chamber of Commerce .28Winthrop Area Federal Credit Union . .28Wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70Wood Mizer of Maine . . . . . . . . . . . .20Woodlawn Rehab & Nursing Center . . .48Yankee Trophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Your Maine Stamper . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
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