206AR-WEEK 7DESIGN: DESIGN SOLUTIONS & HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS

Vocabulary

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

WARM-UP

Watch the video and talk about these questions.

What was happening in the video? Did you like the presentation? Why? Did the listeners understand the

presenter? Why? How was the presenter’s explanations? What are the key elements of a design

brief?

Read the text «Design Solutions» in five minutes. Underline the words and sentences you don’t understand.

READING

Vocabulary itemsPropose (v.):

to suggest or intend to do sth

E.g. When you design a device, you need to identified a

need, research possible solutions, design

 proposed products,

prepare models, manufacture the prototype, test the

result, and use feedback from peers and professionals

to improve the device. 

Vocabulary items

Draw up (Phr. v.):

to make or write sth that needs careful

thought or planning

E.g. A plan must also be drawn up to ensure

that parts are made in

the right order for assembly. 

Vocabulary itemsSolution (n):

a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation

E.g. The technology education teacher could ask the

students to

list possible solutions and provide reasons for selecting

their final design solution, which would require students

to

carefully think through the various options.

Vocabulary items

Function (n):

the intended use of sth

E.g. The prime operating function of a check

valve is to close

quickly at flow reversals to prevent damage

to upstream piping and piping components.

Vocabulary items

Constraint (n):

a thing that limits or restricts sth

E.g. Real problem is that building any project

in such a remote, poor

village imposes strict constraints on any

design.

Vocabulary items

Exceed (v):

to be greater than a particular number or

amount

E.g. Provided that the maximum surface strain

does not exceed 0.1

percent such problems do not usually arise.

Vocabulary items

Existing models (adj+n):

competing products already on the market, or

the current model that the new product will

replace

E.g. Sales of existing models of Boeing and

Airbus aircraft are strong, and both companies

are developing new models.

Vocabulary itemsDesign features (n+n):

specific things a new design must have

E.g. After you identify specific design features (design

criteria) and take detailed measurements and identify

cost, manufacturing requirements, and constraints of

the product, you will be able to determine which

product model provides the optimal design solution. 

Vocabulary itemsBudget (n):

the money that is available to a person or organization and

a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time

E.g. Remember this: people will remember good work (or

bad

work) a lot longer than they will remember if you were a

week

late or over budget.

Vocabulary items

Cost-effective (adj):

producing good results for the amount of

money spent; efficient or economical

E.g. The project is highly cost-effective,

costing only around £ 12000. The project of

the other firm costs £ 20000.

Vocabulary itemsSpecifications (n):

 a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of

work including information about materials, sizes,

and technical requirements of components.

Specify (v):

E.g. The specifications for the new building was sent

by the company yesterday. It specified the materials

and sizes, but there was no information about the

technical requirements of the components.

Vocabulary items

Evaluate (v):

Identify and calculate

E.g. Engineers need to evaluate the forces

that the components will have to carry when

they are designing.

Vocabulary items

Load (n):

 something that a person, animal or thing is

carrying.

E.g. An example of load is furniture stacked

into a moving van.

Vocabulary items

Determine (v):

Identify, to find out exactly, calculate precisely

E.g. When you determine the loads that a

bridge will have to carry, you need to think

of every detail such as strong winds.

Vocabulary itemsQuantify (v):

To quantify means to measure or express the

quantity of something.

E.g. An example of to quantify is to count

the number misspelled words in a book.

Vocabulary items

Worst-case scenario (adj+n):

The worst situations that you can think of

E.g. You need to be ready by planning for

the worst-case scenario.

Vocabulary itemsAllow for/ factor in (phr v):

take into account, take into consideration

E.g. You need to allow for the maximum

load so that you will be ready for the worst-

case scenario.

Vocabulary items

Factor of safety (n+n):

The extra margin to make your design really

strong.

E.g. A factor of 1.5 increases the load a

component can carry by % 50.

Vocabulary items

Size (n):

Dimensions of something like small, medium,

or large.

E.g. Please bear in mind if downloading from

the internet that the map is usually for

a4 size and is no good for a book.

Vocabulary items

Overdesign (v):

Add excessive factors of safety

E.g. Overdesigning is necessary but it

increases the costs.

Vocabulary items

Murphy’s law (n+n):

The idea that «anything that can go wrong,

will go wrong.»

E.g. When you are in a hurry, the bus is

always late. It’s the Murphy’s Law.

Vocabulary items

Belt and braces (n+n):

using more than one method to make sure that

something is safe.

E.g. Our staff have identity cards and

number codes to open doors - that's part of

our belt and braces approach to security.

DESIGN SOLUTIONS

VOCABULARY WORKSHEET

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS

WARM-UP

Talk about these questions.

What is an «Airbus 380»? Do you know anything about its

dimensions? What does «horizontal» and «vertical»

mean?

Read the text «Horizontal and Vertical Measurements» in five minutes. Underline the words and sentences you don’t understand.

READING

Vertical(adj.): going straight up or down from a level surface

or from a top to bottom in a picture etc.Syn: perpendicularVertically (adv.)

Horizontal(adj.): parallel to the ground or to the bottom or top

edge of something.Horizontally (adv.)

Vocabulary items

e.g: If you place vertical lines next to horizontal lines, the difference between the two is 90 degrees.

e.g: You can use horizontal and vertical lines as a guide when editing your drawings.

e.g: The depth of a lake is measured vertically from the surface of the water.

e.g: Measure the aircraft’s body horizontally to learn how wide it is.

Vocabulary items

What is dimension?

Dimension is a measurement of something in a particular direction, especially its height, length or width. Abbr. Dimension - dim

Dimensions - dims. e.g: Don’t forget to measure the dimensions of the shelves so that they fit securely into the cabinet. e.g: An average football pitch has the dimensions of 105m by 68m.

Linear Dimensions

Linear dimensions, or linear units, measure the distance between two points. Since two points define a line, the units of distance are sometimes called "linear" units or dimensions.

Some linear dimensions are • centimeters and inches, • meters and feet, • kilometers and miles...

Measure (v): To find the size, quantity, etc. of something in standard units. Measuring something puts the amount of the thing into numbers. e.g: The area in front of our house was measured yesterday. It’s 1 kilometre by 2 kilometres. Measurement (n): The act or the process of finding the size, quantity or degree of something.

e.g: The exact measurements of the room are 3 metres 20 by 5 metres.

Vocabulary items

Plane (n): a flat or level surface or an imaginary flat surface which continues in all directions. Vertical Plane: a plane that passes through a vertical line. It is perpendicular to the ground. Horizontal Plane: an imaginary plane which is at a right angle to the vertical plane. It extends horizontally.

Vocabulary items

Vertical and Horizontal Planes

Span (n): 1) The distance between two points. 2) The part of a bridge between one vertical support

and another. e.g: In 1955, a two-span bridge was built to carry

trains across to the river.

a single span bridge a two-span bridge

Vocabulary items

Wingspan(n): the distance between the end of one wing and the end of the other when the wings are fully stretched. e.g: The green glider has a wingspan of

80 meters.

Vocabulary items

Width (n): The distance across something from one side to the other. E.g: The additional cabin width offers

passengers wider seats and more aisle space.

I___cabin(internal) width___I

Vocabulary items

Extremity (n): The furthest point, especially from the centre. E.g. An extra engine was installed at the rear

extremity of the aircraft.

Thickness (n): The size of something between opposite surfaces or sides. Syn. Width E.g. The walls are at least two feet in thickness.

Vocabulary items

Read the web page (dimensions of Airbus A380) in the book and answer the questions.

What is overall length? Overall Length is the measurement which is

taken between the two points that are furthest apart, along the length (the whole distance along it) of the aircraft.

How is the overall height of an aircraft measured?Overall height is measured vertically between the underside of the wheels and a horizontal plane touching the top of the tail.

How is external width (maximum fuselage width) measured?External width of an aircraft is measured horizontally between vertical planes touching the outside faces of the fuselage (body).

Read the web page (dimensions of Airbus A380) in the book and answer the questions.

Dimensions of an aircraft

A ?

B ?

C ?

D ?

A - Overall height

B - Wingspan

C - Maximum fuselage width

D – Overall length

Level (adj.): Horizontal and flat. E.g: I couldn’t place the box properly

because the ground was not level. Incline (n): To lean or slope in a particular direction. Inclined (adj.): sloping; at an angle. E.g: In this picture the surface has an

incline of twenty degrees.

Vocabulary items

Plumb (adj.): Exactly straight, usually describing a vertical surface or line. E.g. When you hang a door, you need

to make sure that it is both level and plumb.

Out of plumb: Not straight vertically. E.g. Tower of Pisa is about 15 feet out

of plumb.

Vocabulary items

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS

VOCABULARY WORKSHEET

DESIGN SOLUTIONS & HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MEASUREMENTS

VOCABULARY GAME