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transcript
04/10/231
Science, Technology Science, Technology
andand
Innovation Indicators Innovation Indicators
ofof
PalestinePalestine
Science, Technology Science, Technology
andand
Innovation Indicators Innovation Indicators
ofof
PalestinePalestine Majdi MoamarHead of Training Division \DG of Supervision & Ed.
Qualifying Ebrahim Qadah
Head of Information Technology Division \DG of Curriculum
Majdi MoamarHead of Training Division \DG of Supervision & Ed.
Qualifying Ebrahim Qadah
Head of Information Technology Division \DG of Curriculum
The Palestinian R&D: Status and potential for Development
Prepared ByJad Isaac
Mazin QumsiyehMohammed Shabat
Fadi DweikJuliet BannouraWalaa' Shudrum
Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem
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Background
In MOEHE there is a General Directorate of Scientific
Research that was created to support and advance R&D.
A Science Research Council (SRC) was established to
assist this Directorate in its mission. Membership of the
SRC includes representatives from Palestinian universities
and research centers.
MOEHE presented a sectoral strategy for the coming
three years on 23 December 2009. The strategy calls for
more entrepreneurial learning, advancement of R&D as a
component of higher education, and ensuring that higher
education meets the needs of the Palestinian society
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METHODOLOGY 1.A UNESCO questionnaire was designed to collect data on R&D in
countries with established programs.
2.The questionnaire was tested on 3 institutions. (18 pages)
3.A new questionnaire was designed that is shorter, The new questionnaire went through a number of edits including input from the Ministry of higher Education until a new questionnaire was agreed upon.
4.The questionnaire was sent to over 100 institutions including all universities, 5 ministries, and 65 NGOs or private sector, Field visits were conducted to 37 institutions in the West Bank and 16 in Gaza. Some institutions were noted not to have R&D efforts and others failed to respond, but we did receive 47 filled questionnaires.
5.The data were fed in SPSS and analyzed. These data were discussed in a workshop.
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SURVEY RESULTS
Central Governorates; 43%
Northern Governorates; 17%
Southern Governorates; 17%
Gaza Strip; 22%
Classification of 63 Institution by Location
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SURVEY RESULTS
-
Private Sector
8%
Governmental Institution
5%
Educational & Higher Education Institution
25%
Civil Institution
62%
Classification of 63 Institution by sectors
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
The total number of personnel captured who are involved in R&D is 1744
Male Researcher; 82.3%
Female Researcher; 17.7%
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Private Institution
Governmental Institution
Educational & Higher
Education Institution
Civil Institution
Female Researcher 1 4 157 147
Male Researcher 23 23 1141 248
0
300
600
900
1200
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Private Institution
Governmental Institution
Educational & Higher
Education Institution
Civil Institution
PhD. Degree 8 3 862 73
Master Degree 7 20 358 179
Bachelor Degree 9 4 77 122
Diploma Degree 0 0 1 21
0
300
600
900
1200
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Number of Researchers involved in Scientific Research
SectorPart Time
Full Time
0% Involvement
Blank Answer
Total
Private Institution
24 0 0 0 24
Governmental Institution
20 6 0 1 27
Educational & Higher Education Institution
1148 39 68 43 1298
Civil Institution 352 33 0 10 395
Total 1544 78 68 54 1744
Percent 88.5% 4.5% 3.9% 3.1%
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
All researchers involved in the Different fields of Science
Sector
Natural
Sciences
Engineerin
g &Technolo
gy
Medical
Sciences
Agricultura
l Scien
ces
Social Scienc
es
Humaniti
es
Total
Private Institution
1 1 1 2 13 6 24
Governmental Institution
0 0 4 0 15 8 27
Educational & Higher Education Institution
237 163 99 29 281 4891298
Civil Institution
41 38 11 48 171 86 395
Total279 202 115 79 480 589
1744
Percent16 11.6 6.6 4.5
27.5
33.8
100
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Only five institutions participated in the surveys.The Ministry of Economy is now conducting a study of possible R&D at all private institutions and in an initial survey of 22 institutionsMore than 60% of these private sector institutions employ ten or less employees and are most interested in productionThe study listed the following obstacles that limit the private sector from benefiting from the results of R & D:
- Outcome of existing research does not match the needs and requirements of the private sector and needs.
- Research institutions are not able to publish or/and distribute the results of their research and studies.
- The private sector is not invited to participate in university workshops and there are few opportunities to explain needs opinions and relaying trends.
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Students Distributions according to program at Tertiary Education Institutions 2007/2008
Main Program Female Male Total %
1 Education 16,401 8,142 24,543 25.9%
2 Humanities and Arts 11,817 5,507 17,324 18.3%
3Social Sciences, Business and Law
9,750 13,741 23,491 24.4%
4 Science & technology 5,932 5,394 11,326 12.0%
5Eng. Manufacturing, construction
3,211 6,557 9,768 10.3%
6 Agriculture 188 474 662 0.7%
7 Health, Welfare 4,417 3,052 7,469 8.0%
Total 51,716 42,867 94,583 100%
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN
RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
-The table highlights joint projects in different sectors with different organizations. The most collaboration is between Palestinian academic institutions and their pears locally and internationally. Palestinian NGO’s are also quite active in collaborative projects.
Sector1Academic Palestinian Institutions
Academic Institutions worldwide
Palestinian NGOs
Int.NGOs
Palestinian Civil
Institutions
Other International Organization
s
Private Sector
2 1 2 2 0 1
Governmental
Institution2 1 1 0 0 0
Educational &
Higher Education Institution
29 85 9 23 7 6
Civil Institution
32 10 45 2 21 15
Total 65 97 57 27 28 22
21.9% 32.8% 19.2% 9.1% 9.4 7.4%
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN
RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Total Annual Expenditure on Research
and Development (7,651,749 USD)
Private Institution
; 12.4%Governme
ntal Institution
; 1.3%
Educational &
Higher Education Institution
; 42.7%
Civil Institution
; 43.6%
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN
RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
The 63 R&D institutions surveyed reported existence of
significant amounts of equipment and resources.
21.3% of household are using PCs, and half of those who use
PCs connected to the Internet
The enterprises sample taken for the study revealed that the
percentage of ICT or ICT-related specialists totals about 3.5% of
the total number of employees of all enterprises. It also reveals
that among all enterprises, 82.4% do not employ any IT
specialist while 17.6% do employ at least one ICT specialist.
Statistics also show that 4.8% of total employees are IT
specialists, and 23.0% of them are female, which shows that
this kind of profession is male-dominated
There area number of private groups that do great IT work in
Palestine but in meeting with them and with universities, we
were told there is little interactions/collaboration
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN
RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Output for research was rather small. Considering
even the small total number of researchers (1744), it
appears that there is less than one International
publication per 3 researchers per year. If we add the
local journals, the percentage goes up to 1.1
publications per person per year. This is low when
comparing to developed countries but on par with
Arab countries.
Most or all R&D output in the Natural Sciences,
Medical Sciences, and Engineering fields originates at
institutes of higher education (95%, 100%, and 100%
respectively). Civil society organizations and Institutes
of Higher Education have contributed almost equally
to R&D output in the Humanities, agriculture, and
social science areas.
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SURVEY RESULTS• HUMAN
RESOURCES
• CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
• EDUCATION AND R&D
• RESEARCH COOPERATION
• FINANCING R&D IN THE OPT
• R&D Infrastructure
• RESERCH OUTPUT AND QUALITY ISSUES
Sector
Local A
ward
s
Inte
rnatio
nal A
ward
s
Pate
nts
Local P
ub
licatio
ns
Inte
rnatio
nal
Pu
blic
atio
ns
Con
sulta
ncie
s
Total
Private Institution 0 0 0 2 0 32 34
Governmental Institution 0 0 0 11 3 14 28
Educational & Higher Education
Institution 21 47 6 776 419106
0 2329
Civil Institution 27 4 3 556 151 362 1103
Total 48 51 9134
5 573146
8 3494
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STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTIONS
No.
FactorVery
Important
Important
Not Importa
nt
No Answer
1 Coordination between Institutions 40 12 0 1
2 Providing Incentives 43 9 0 1
3 Funding 49 3 0 1
4 Capacity Building 45 7 0 1
5 Providing Tools and Devices 37 13 1 2
6 Providing Supporting Facilities 23 27 2 1
7 Political Stability 30 18 4 1
8 Good Governance 25 25 1 2
9 Improvement of Research Management 32 20 0 1
10Develop a National Strategy for Scientific
Research 35 13 4 1
11Provision of Infrastructure (Books,
References, libraries) 37 15 0 1
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Mapping Research & Development with an eye to the future
The Ministry of Education and Higher Education developed a plan for educational development for 2008-2012 (MOEHE, 2008). In the policies section "Science and technology” it states: “The study of science and technology will be improved, with special attention to the expansion of the utilization of information and communication technology in education at all levels and computer-related studies. The percentage of students studying science and technology will be increased at all levels. Science labs and their utilization in schools will be increased as well. A science and technology policy in higher education will be developed and related research will be encouraged”. Then it moved on to set the priorities for the years 2008-2012 including the following policy reforms: 1) Re-shifting the emphasis of textbooks in the curriculum, and the production and dissemination of alternative curriculum materials, teaching aids, school libraries, science laboratories and ICTs; 2) Strengthening monitoring and evaluation capabilities at all levels; 3) Reform of pre-service and in-service teacher training and development of a national strategy for teacher development; 4) Revision by the Agency of Accreditation and Quality Assurance of pre-service teacher training programs, and the technical profiles used for their selection;5) Linking in-service teacher training to decentralized school improvement policies; and 6) Developing a system of school indicators of quality improvement.
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Challenges • Monitoring of quality and impact of services was weak in Palestinian institutions largely due to the absence of harmonized quality standards
• Lack of mobility and access: Israeli restrictions and other impediments to R&D.
• Lack of coordination and cooperation. • Risk of dependency and domination.
• The excessive focus on teaching without understanding the relevance of new knowledge acquisition impedes the ability to do R&D
• Human Resources: There is a lack of proper training in R&D and lack of emphasis on R&D
• Limited infrastructure including informational database access, laboratories, centers of excellence
• There is a lack of confidence and recognition of existing skills and knowledge-base
• The percentage of high school students choosing to go into science and technology fields is low
• Stakeholders identified a proliferation of graduate programs without clear direction
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A ROADMAP FOR PROMOTING R&D IN PALESTINE Based on the review of literature, the survey, and discussion
with stakeholders, these are the recommendations to
develop a coherent and effective Palestinian R&D that can
serve the future needs of the Palestinian society:
1) Vision
2) Strategy and Policy
3) Cooperation
4) Centers of Excellence
5) Human Resources
6) Ending the occupation
7) Governance
8) Private Public partnership
9) Financing
10) Infrastructure
11) Education
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أشكركم ودمتم
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