22.3 Dawn of a New Era

• 1. Importance of Battle of Valmy• Defeat Prussians and ideals of the

monarchies• Saved spirit of the revolution• 2. Importance of Democratic reforms

made by National Convention 1792-1795• First democratic constitution in France• French Republic• Single legislature• Universal male suffrage• Standard metric system

• National Convention must deal with King Louis XIV – Correspondence with foreign monarchs as

evidence against him– Jan 1793 – executed by guillotine

Did the new constitution by the National

Convention represent “RADICAL” ideas?

13%

87%1. Yes

2. No

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Liberty Equality Fraternity

100%1. Liberty and Justice for All

2. Life Liberty and Property

3. Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness

4. Liberty Equality and Fraternity

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With the new constitution in 1792, what became the motto for the new French Republic?

0%

100%

0%0%

1. Liberty and Justice for all

2. Life, Liberty, and Property

3. Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

4. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

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King Louis XVI claimed to support the ideas of limited monarchy in the constitution of 1791. Does he still represent that idea? Which is accurate?

0%9%4%

87%1. Before he died, he prayed in a Catholic

Church.

2. Before he died, he claimed he still had a divine right to rule

3. Before he died, he confessed to the crimes of treason

4. Before he died, he apologized for ruining France

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Louis XVI’s attitude at the end helped justify the actions of the radicals.

35%

65%1. True

2. False

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• 3. King’s quote pg 568• “...I fear that she may suffer the anger of

the Lord”• a. how does this reflect his belief in

absolute power and Divine Right? • b. how do you think the public

responded? • …did this help the cause of the

Revolutionaries?

• 4. Who were sans-culottes? • Paris shopkeepers, artisans, workers• ….they believed in? • Republic elected by “citizens” • Reject wealth, extravagance• Favor simple life

Sans-culottes would have represented….

18%

5%0%

73%

5%

1. The first estate

2. The second estate

3. The royalists

4. The third estate

5. The Moderates

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• What was significant about their name? • “without knee breeches (britches) ” –

wear long pants- symbolic of simple working man

Pantaloons / trousers

http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=sans-culottes

culottes

• 5. Jacobins • Radicals • Believed in?

Republic, defend revolution and against monarchy

6. Girondists

Moderates – protect wealthy middle class from sans-culottes

Form opposition to Jacobins

7. Sans-culottes supported..? …result?

Jacobins – more radical measures and violence

• 8. other monarchs in Europe felt….? • Threatened by events in France• Would ally against France • England, Spain, Holland, Austria,

Prussia

• 9. Jacobins vs. Girondists • Jacobins threaten all monarchies in

Europe. Accuse Girondists of being Royalists, arrests, conscription, and more war

• A political spectrum to represent a broad range of views ; especially political.

• Fill in • Right – no change• Royalists, go back to the way things were• Middle – just a little change • Girondists• Left – lots of change, radicals, overthrow

revolution• Jacobins

• 10. Reign of Terror• Jacobins – “Save the

Revolution” eliminate all opposition

• Arbitrary arrests and punishments

• July 1793-July 1794 = 40,000 died

The Reign of Terror went against the original enlightenment ideas of the French Revolution

1. True

2. False

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• After the successful revolutions, why do you think, (in both England and France) the leaders of the new government turned their back on the Enlightenment?

• 11. Republic of Virtue• Jacobin goal – create Republic

w/ good citizens • Universal elementary education• Teach agric. Skills• Temporary price controls• Abolish slavery in colonies• Encourage religious tolerance

The Republic of Virtue was filled with Enlightenment ideas

1. True

2. False

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• 12 “By mid 1794, many people even favored a restoration of the monarchy.”

- why?

- TOO Radical, too fast, too extreme

- To Restore order

• 13. Directory and its problems

• 1795 – new constitution

• 5 member executive council

• 2 house legislature

• Faced opposition from radicals and royalists

• Economic problems

• Corruption (economic, political, personal) …..gee…..sound familiar?