25U11F01.PPT

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25U10 F01-LP125U10 F01-LP1Perform Signal Support Perform Signal Support

Procedures for a Local Area Procedures for a Local Area NetworkNetwork

• Identify network types and their common designs.

• Finally, Achieve a minimum score of 70 percent on a written exam.

LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Identify common network devices and their use.

• Install and trouble shoot a Local Area Network.

LOCAL AREALOCAL AREANETWORKSNETWORKS

As a 25U you will be required to:

• Install A Networks

• Troubleshoot Networks

LOCAL AREALOCAL AREANETWORKSNETWORKS

The term topology, or more specifically network topology, refers to the physical layout of computers, cables, and other

components on the network.

Network LayoutNetwork Layout

Topology

All network designs stem from three basic topologies:

Bus: Computers are connected in a row along a single cable segment.Star: Computers are connected to cable segments that branch out from a single point.Ring: Computers are connected to a series of cables that forms a loop.

BUS TOPOLOGY

STAR TOPOLOGY

RING TOPOLOGY

There are four different typesof networks

•Local Area Network (LAN)•Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)•Wide Area Network (WAN)•The Internet

Types of NetworksTypes of Networks

A network of computers intended to serve an area of only a few square kilometers (or less). Usually a LAN will service an office or building.

Local Area Network

Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)

Although a MAN is based on a LANstandard, it is a network that servicesa large area like a city, military post,or school campus.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN is a network that covers agreater distance. It can be a collectionof LAN’s and MAN’s networked overa large area or two computers networkedover a large area.

The Internet

The Internet, sometimes referred as a GlobalArea Network.To be more specific, The Internet is a networkof networks.

Although there are four differenttypes of networks based on size, theyall stem from two general types of Networks.

•Local Area Network (LAN)•Wide Area Network (WAN)

A backbone is a media used to connect smaller networks, or nodes, together to create larger networks.

BACKBONE

1stCOSCOM

82nd Airborne

18th Airborne

Ft. BraggMAN

LAN LAN

Ft. DrumMAN

Ft. StewartMAN

Ft. CampbellMAN

WANLAN

Network DesignNetwork Design

Wide Area Network (WAN)

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

CHECK FOR LEARNINGCHECK FOR LEARNING

What is a Topology?

Answer: The physical layout of networking components.

Name the three basic topologies.

Answer: Bus, Star and Ring

Which network is intended to serve a few kilometers or less?

Answer: Local Area Network (LAN)

Which media is used to connect smaller networks together to create larger networks?Answer: Backbone

SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

Electrical Properties:

Rules for how the message travels over transmission media.

•Attenuation•Cross-talk•Bandwidth

Terms To Understand

SIGNAL TRANSMISSIONSIGNAL TRANSMISSION

Simply an advancedform of noise!

Attenuation: The reduction of signal strength.

Cross Talk: Induction of an unwanted signal from

one circuit into another.

Bandwidth: The capacity of a particular media, the

range of frequencies supported in cycles per second.

The capacity varies with changes in distance and based on the signaling. Capacity is discussed in bits per second (Bps).

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

What is attenuation?

Answer: The reduction of signal strength

Bound: Consists of a central conductor surrounded by

a physical jacket. This offers security, reliability, and speed.

Bound Media (Cable): Coaxial Unshielded Twisted Pair - UTP Shielded Twisted Pair - STP Fiber Optics

CABLE TYPESCABLE TYPES

A. Coaxial

B. Twisted Pair:

1. Shielded

2. Unshielded

C. Fiber Optic

PRIMARY CABLE TYPESPRIMARY CABLE TYPES

BasebandRG-58

Broadband

COAXIAL CABLECOAXIAL CABLE

RG-58 COAXIAL CABLERG-58 COAXIAL CABLE

Baseband Broadband

A type of digital data transmission in which each medium (wire) carries only one signal, or channel, at a time.

A broadband transmission enables a single wire to carry multiple signals simultaneously

– Most Popular– Low Cost– 10 MBPS Data Rate– Immunity to EMI– Easy to Install– Thinnet .25 inch– Connects Directly to

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Screw-on

Crimp-on

Compression

RG-58 COAXIAL CABLE RG-58 COAXIAL CABLE CONNECTORSCONNECTORS

Connectors are the weakest link of a network!

T-Connector Terminator

COAXIAL CONNECTION COAXIAL CONNECTION HARDWAREHARDWARE

THICKNETTHINNETTHINNET

Coaxial Thinnet

•Can Carry signal up to approximately 185 meters, before attenuation occurs.

•Family of RG-58/AU (stranded) or /U(solid) cable has 50-ohm impedance

Coaxial Thicknet

•About .5 inch thick; 500 meter segments

•Often used as a backbone

•Hard to work with but carries the signal farther

COAXIAL CABLECOAXIAL CABLE

–Comprised of pairs of twisted wire.–Twisted to cancel electrical noise from adjacent pairs.

–Easy to Install.–If shielded then call shielded twisted pair.–Most Widely Used today .–Identified for use by categories.

TWISTED PAIR CABLETWISTED PAIR CABLE

Cat 1:– Voice Only

Cat 2: – Data Transmission - 4 MBS

Cat 3:– Data Transmission - 10 MBS / 3 Twists per foot

Cat 4:– Data Transmission - 16 MBS

Cat 5:– Data Transmission - 100 MBS

UNSHIELDED TWISTED UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE PAIR (UTP) CABLE

CATERGORIESCATERGORIES

This is a wiring diagram that shows how the wires are installed in the RJ-45 connector.

RJ45 CONNECTOR - RJ45 CONNECTOR - (UTP)(UTP)

• To reduce sensitivity to electrical noise, STP has shielding.

• Prevents cross talk with foil wrap between and around pairs and internal twisting of the pairs.

• Uses RJ-45 connectors (8 wire)

SHIELDED TWISTED SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP)PAIR (STP)

•A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads(fibers) to transmit data.

•A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable oftransmitting messages modulated onto light waves.

FIBER OPTICSFIBER OPTICS

FIBER OPTIC CABLES FIBER OPTIC CABLES BREAKDOWNBREAKDOWN

Advantages

• Has data rates from 100 MBS to over 2 GBS

• No attenuation and is immune to EMI

Disadvantages

•Very Expensive

•Not easy to install

FIBER OPTICSFIBER OPTICS

• Use when data must be transmitted at very high speeds over long distances in a very secure media.

• Expensive.

• Difficult to install.

FIBER OPTICS FIBER OPTICS CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

A backbone is a media used to connect smaller networks, or nodes, together to create

larger networks.

BACKBONEBACKBONE

WIRELESS WIRELESS NETWORKSNETWORKS

The Wireless Environment: Emerging Technology

Wireless Capabilities:

• Temporary connections to an existing, cabled network.

• Backup to existing network.

• Portable.

• Extends networks beyond limits of cables.

• Local area networks: use transmitters and receivers.

• Extended local area networks.

• Mobile computing: uses public carriers.

TYPES OF WIRELESS TYPES OF WIRELESS NETWORKNETWORK

1) Busy areas. (lobbies, reception area)

2) People who must travel while working.

3) Isolated areas and buildings.

4) Departments that move frequently.

5) Structures that are difficult to cable.

USES FOR A WIRELESS USES FOR A WIRELESS NETWORKNETWORK

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

What are the three primary types of cables?

Answer: Coaxial, Twisted Pair and Fiber Optics

Name the RG-58 coaxial connectors?

Answer: Screw On, Compression and Crimp On

True or False

A Thicknet coaxial cable can carry a signal 650 meters before attenuation occurs.

Answer: False

PRACTICAL EXERCISE # 1

CABLE CREATION

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING DEVICESNETWORKING DEVICES

Network Devices

Network devices are equipment that isused to connect networks together and/orenhance network performance.

INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING DEVICESNETWORKING DEVICES

Network Interface Card

An expansion card installed in your computerthat puts the data on the network media.

An expansion board you insert into a computer so the computer can be connected to a network.

Can be either PCI or ISA and optional Plug and Play

NETWORK INTERFACE NETWORK INTERFACE CARDS (NIC)CARDS (NIC)

Comes in 3 basic Connector types:

RJ-45 – Twisted Pair – Star Topology

RJ is abbreviated for Registered Jack

BNC – Coaxial Cable – BUS Topology

The acronym BNC is British Naval Connector.

NETWORK INTERFACE NETWORK INTERFACE CARDS (NIC)CARDS (NIC)

ROLE OF THE ROLE OF THE NETWORK ADAPTER NETWORK ADAPTER

CARDCARD

• Prepares data from the computer for the network cable.

• Sends the data to another computer.

• Controls the flow of data between the computer and the cabling system.

NIC DRIVERSNIC DRIVERS

• Each Network Card has it’s own drivers.

• Operating systems such as Windows often have generic drivers.

• Has a connector for fiber optic connections.

• Can be either PCI or ISA.

FIBER OPTICS FIBER OPTICS NETWORK CARDNETWORK CARD

WIRELESS LAN WIRELESS LAN ADAPTERSADAPTERS

Wireless LAN adapters allow you to network computers without a direct connection or they can be directly connected.

A device used in a star topology as thecentral point to connect all the computerstogether.

Networking DevicesNetworking Devices

STACKING HUBSSTACKING HUBS

If you may need to add more Users to your network and do not have enough ports on your hub to support this, you may stack hubs to add more ports to your network. This is done by using a Crossover cable.

Repeater

A device in a bus topologyused to strengthen a signaland extend the network.

Router

A network device, commonly referred as a smart link, used to connect networks together. A router will route data through networks to reach it’s destination. A Router uses a Rollover cable to connect from the Router to the computer or hub.

Network Switch

A device, similar to a hub, used on a startopology to send a signal through to it’sdestination.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

Name the central point of a Star topology.

Answer: Hub

What device is used to strengthen the signal of the network?

Answer: Repeater

What does BNC stand for?

Answer: British Navel Connector

Practical Exercise # 2Practical Exercise # 2Design a NetworkDesign a Network

Before data can be sent over the network, the network adapter card must change it from a form the computer can understand to another form which can travel over a network cable.

PREPARING THE DATAPREPARING THE DATA

NETWORK ADDRESSESNETWORK ADDRESSES

• The network adapter card also has to indicate its location, or address, to the rest of the network distinguishing it from all other cards on the network.

• That address is referred to as the Media Access Control (MAC) or MAC address.

1234567 ABCDEFG

MAC ADDRESSMAC ADDRESS

LOOKING FOR

1234567 ABCDEFG

MAC ADDRESSMAC ADDRESS

SEND REPLY

SENDING AND SENDING AND CONTROLLING DATACONTROLLING DATA

Each card signals to the other indicating its parameters and accepts or adjusts to the other

card's parameters. When all of the communication details have been determined, the

two cards begin sending and receiving data.

PACKET PACKET CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

Data tends to exist as rather large files. However, networks cannot operate if computers put large

amounts of data on the cable at one time.

THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FUNCTIONS OF PACKETS IN NETWORKPACKETS IN NETWORK

COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

PACKET STRUCTUREPACKET STRUCTURE

Packets may contain several types of data including:

• Information, such as messages or files.

• Certain types of computer control data and commands.

• Session control codes, such as error correction, that indicate the need for a retransmission.

PACKET COMPONENTSPACKET COMPONENTS

All packets have certain components in common.

These include:

• A source address (Sender)• Data that is intended for transmission.• A destination address (Recipient)• Instructions (How to pass data)• Information(Connect/Reassemble packets)• Error checking information

HEADER

TRAILER

Packet ConstructionPacket Construction

HEADERHEADER

The HEADER includes:

- An alert signal to indicate that the packet is being transmitted.

- The source address.

- The destination address.

-Clock information to synchronize

transmission.

TRAILERTRAILER

The exact content of the TRAILER varies depending on the communication method, or protocol. However, the trailer usually contains an error checking component called a cyclical redundancy check (CRC). The CRC is a number produced by a mathematical calculation on the packet at its source. When the packet arrives at its destination, the calculation is redone.

DATADATA

This is the actual data being sent. This part of the packet can be of various sizes depending on the network. The data section on most networks varies from 512 bytes to 4k.

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection

Protocol for how Network devices respond when two devices attempt to use a data channel at the same time.

After detecting a collision, a device waits a random delay time and then attempts to re-transmit the message.

CSMA / CDCSMA / CD

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

What are the three parts of Packet Construction?

Answer: Header, Data and Trailer

Where does the MAC address come from?

Answer: It is factory written on the network interface card

What is the purpose of CSMA / CD?

Answer: To detect and prevent collisions of data packets on the network.

Protocols are rules and procedures for communicating across a network.

PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

• How protocols work:

(1) Data transmission is a step-by-step process.

(2) Each step has its own protocol, or rules.

In 1978, the International Standards Organization (ISO) released a set of specifications that described a network architecture for connecting dissimilar devices.

In 1984, the ISO released a revision of this model and called it the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model.

THE OSI MODELTHE OSI MODEL

Protocols in a Layered Architecture

Protocols have to work together to ensure data is prepared, transferred, received, and acted upon.

Protocol stacks:• (a) Each OSI layer has its own protocol (rules).• (b) Combination is called a protocol stack.• (c ) Lower layers determine how vendors design hardware.• (d) Upper layers define rules for communication.• (e) The higher the layer is in the stack, the more complex

its tasks and their associated protocols.

THE OSI MODELTHE OSI MODEL

PACKET APPLICATIONPACKET APPLICATION(OSI MODEL)(OSI MODEL)

1 PHYSICAL LAYER

2 DATA LINK LAYER

3 NETWORK LAYER

4 TRANSPORT LAYER

5 SESSION LAYER

6 PRESENTATION LAYER

7 APPLICATION LAYERConverts data to a program format

Completion of packet transmission

Performs error checking of data(protocols)

Contains destination IP address

Contains destination MAC address

Receives raw data from the wire

Places packets into a file format

Sending computer:• Its protocol breaks data into packets that the

protocol can handle.• Adds addressing information. • Prepares and sends data out onto the network

cable. Receiving computer:• Must use same protocol to take packet off the

cable.

PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

• Both computers must process packets following exactly the same procedures.

• Rules for communicating in a particular LAN environment, such as, Ethernet are known as Network Protocols.

PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

ROUTABLE vs. NONROUTABLE Protocols:

• Data sent from one LAN to another is routed.

• Routable protocols can navigate to a specific address, i.e. TCP/IP.

• Non-routable protocols broadcast to everyone.

PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

• Allows network protocols and card to be mixed.

• Two or more protocols can be bound to one card.

• Operating System (OS) will attempt to use the protocols in the order they are bound.

The Binding Process

PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

• IP (Internet Protocol): TCP/IP protocol for packet forwarding and routing.

•Protocols are implemented and removed in much the same way that drivers are added and removed.

PROTOCOLSPROTOCOLS

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

CHECK ON LEARNINGCHECK ON LEARNING

What are protocols?

Answer: They are rules or standards that allow computers to communicate with each other.

Which OSI layer performs error checking of data?

Answer: Layer 4 (The Transport Layer).

How many layers does the OSI model consist of?

Answer: 7

TCP/IP

TRANSMISSION CONTROL TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL / INTERNET

PROTOCOLPROTOCOL

• Basic communication language or protocol for the internet.

• Two layered program:

1)Transmission Control Protocol

2) Internet Protocol

TCP/IPTCP/IP

Two Layers

• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol:

TCP: Manages the assembling of a message or file.

IP: Handles the address to see where to forward the message.

TCP/IPTCP/IP

IP ADDRESSESIP ADDRESSES

148.43.200.16

LET’S TALK IP ADDRESSES

Think of an IP address like you would your mailbox address.

It represents your computer acrossa network like your house addressrepresents you across the country.

148.43.200.16

• IP address: An address used to determine a location of a host or other computer device.

148.43.200.16

IP ADDRESS IP ADDRESS BREAKDOWNBREAKDOWN

0-255 0-255 0-255 0-255

This address is broken down into what we call octets. Each octet has a possible 256

numbers ranging from 0-255.

148.43.200.16

148 43 200 16

IP AddressingIP AddressingIn a TCP/IP network there are 5 classes of IP address. Each is identified by the number in the first octet.

Class A: 1-126

Class B: 128-191 (The military uses class B)

Class C: 192-223

Class D: 224-239 (Experimental purposes)

Class E: 240-255 (Experimental purposes)

NOTE: 127 IS RESERVED AS A LOOPBACK ADDRESS

FOR TESTING PURPOSES

IP AddressingIP Addressing148.17.56.16

10010100.00010001.00111000.00010000

NETWORK HOSTS

IP addresses are broken down into 2 parts; the Network portion and the Host/User. The computer reads these IP addresses as a series of 1’s and 0’s.

IP AddressingIP Addressing

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

1’s are considered ON and 0’s are OFF

ADD the numbers turned on to get the number for that octet.

128 + 16 + 4 = 148

148.43.202.3

148.43.202.2

148.43.202.1

148.43.202.4

148.43.201.2 148.43.201.1

148.43.200.4

148.43.200.3

148.43.200.2

148.43.200.1

Each Device must have a unique number to identity itself

147.51.175.0 Network Address147.51.175.1 Hosts/Users147.51.175.254 147.51.175.255 Broadcast255.255.255.0 Sub mask

Every network must have a network IP Addressand a broadcast IP Address.

The Network and Broadcast IP addresses are not issued to the Users, but must encapsulate all User IP addresses.

IP AddressingIP Addressingexerciseexercise

Network Network IP Broadcast IP

197.10.100.0 thru ? ?197.10.100.255

147.55.126.16 thru ? ?147.55.126.31

192.18.0.0 thru ? ?192.18.255.255

IP AddressingIP Addressinganswersanswers

Network Network IP Broadcast IP

197.10.100.0 thru 197.10.100.0 197.10.100.255197.10.100.255

147.55.126.16 thru 147.55.126.16 147.55.126.31147.55.126.31

192.18.0.0 thru 192.18.0.0 192.18.255.255192.18.255.255

Subnet MaskingSubnet Masking

A subnet further breaks down the block of IP’s that you have been given from the ISP.

Example: If a company is given 172.16.0.0 as their block of IP addresses, they may elect to connect all their computers to the single network, which can result in poor network performance.

What is subnet masking?

Network 172.16.0.0

172.16.0.0

One option of networking is to connectall workstations to one network.

If you break down the network, you could limitthe traffic on the other networks.

Network 172.16.0.0

172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0

172.16.3.0

172.16.4.0

Subnet Masking: Subnet Masking:

RULESRULES1. Bits=Number of bits turned on in the Host/User octet

2. Subnet=Sum of mask bits turned on in each octet

3. Mask Bits=Number of bits turned on in all Octets

4. # of Subnets=2 to the power of the number of bits turned on, minus 2(network & broadcast)

5. Host/User=Number of users minus 2 (network & broadcast)

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

When starting to Subnet, to make things easier, draw this chart out first. This chart represents each octet of your IP address.

Bits Subnet Mask

Mask Bits

# of Subnets

# of Host/User

# of Bits turned on in the Host/User octet of the IP address

Sum all Bits turned on in each octet

# of Bits turned on in all 4 octets

Formula: 2 to the power Bits turned on in the Host/User octet Minus 2

The first Bit turned on in the Host/User octet minus 2 (Network and Broadcast)

NOTE: After drawing the previous chart, draw this chart.

192.50.100.0

255.255.255.0

25 Users

Using your 2 charts drawn from the previous slides, we will subnet this one IP Address and get the required amount of Host/User IP addresses and Subnet Mask.

BitsSubnet Mask

Mask Bits

# of Subnets

# of Host/User

3 255.255.255.224 /27 6 30

NETWORK 192.50.100.32

USERS 192.50.100.33 192.50.100.62

BROADCAST 192.50.100.63

Subnet MaskingSubnet Maskinganswersanswers

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

What is an IP address?

Answer: An address used to determine a location of a host or other computer device.

What is the range of each octet in an IP address?

Answer: Each octet of an IP address has a range of 0-255.

What are the 2 parts of an IP address?

Answer: Network and Hosts.

What does the acronym TCP/IP stand for?

Answer: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

TCP/IP is made up of how many layers?

Answer: 2

The number 192 in the first octet of an IP address signifies what class of IP address?

Answer: Class C

Practical exercise # 3Practical exercise # 3192.100.50.0192.100.50.0

255.255.255.0255.255.255.050 Users50 Users

INSTALLING A INSTALLING A NETWORK NETWORK

INTERFACE CARD INTERFACE CARD (NIC) DRIVER(NIC) DRIVER

PREPARATIONPREPARATION

• Authorization - User Name and Password

• Network Card Drivers - Floppy Disk or CD-ROM

• IP Addresses - Computer, Subnet Mask, Gateway, DNS Service Search Order, and WINS Server

• Computer Name - Name that computer will be known as across network

• Workgroup Name or Domain Name

Items to have ready prior to installation:

NETWORK CARD NETWORK CARD IRQ AND I/OIRQ AND I/O

• Windows NT does not have a Device Manager to resolve hardware conflicts or to make changes to the IRQ or

I/O range.

• To change the IRQ and/or the I/O range of a device, you must run the diagnostic program for the device.

METHOD OF METHOD OF INSTALLING INSTALLING

EXPANSION BOARD EXPANSION BOARD DRIVERSDRIVERS• Almost all expansion board drivers can be

installed on Windows NT operating system by:

Floppy Disk CD-ROM Network Manufacturer

Website

For example, you can not install a NIC driver from the network because you are not connected to the network.

INSTALLING NETWORK INSTALLING NETWORK SETTINGSSETTINGS

To begin installing your network settings, Right click on the Network Neighborhood Icon and Select Properties.

At the Network Neighborhood Properties window select the Adapters Tab.

If there are any Network adapters, highlight them and click Remove. Then Reboot your Computer.

Once Reboot is complete return to the Adapters Tab.

If no Adapters are present, Click the ADD button.

The Select Network Adapter window appears, Click: Have Disk

Insert your Drivers disk into your Floppy Drive and Ensure that there is an A: in the location box.

Click OK

The Select OEM Option window appears with the Network Card type in the window.

Click OK.

At the Input Ethernet ID window click on SKIP.

This option is only used if more than one Network Adapter is installed.

The adapter type window appears, for Realtek RTL 8019 select ISA, for Realtek RTL 8029 select PCI.

Click OK

Windows NT will begin copying files necessary for the installation of the Network Adapter.

The Adapter window now appears with the appropriate Adapter installed.

Click the Bindings Tab.

Windows NT will now Bind your Network Adapter to the Protocols installed.

At the Binding Tab click the Close button.

You are now taken to the Microsoft TCP/IP Properties window.

Input your IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway.

This information is located in your Student Position Binder.

In the DNS Tab enter your DNS addresses by clicking the ADD button.

Ensure that your Domain Address is Gordon.army.mil.

Click the WINS Address Tab.

Enter your WINS Address.

Click the Apply button then Click OK.

You are now prompted to Restart, click YES to restart.

Once you have Restarted, Log on as Administrator and go to your Desktop.

At the Windows NT Desktop, Right Click on Network Neighborhood and Select Properties.

At the Network Properties Window, Click on the Change button.

At the Identification changes window, change your computer name to your Host Name, I.E. wsf175___.

This will be the computer name seen across the Network.

Click OK.

You are now informed that the computer name has been successfully changed but a Restart is necessary.

Click OK.

Close out the Network Properties window by clicking on the Close button.

Click Yes to Restart your computer now.

Once Restart is complete Log on as Administrator.

At the Windows NT Desktop Right Click the Network Neighborhood Icon and select Properties.

At the Identification Tab click on the Change Button.

Click the Radio button next to Domain and enter 52div

Check mark the box for Create a Computer account in the Domain and enter your User name and Password.

Click OK.

At the Welcome to the 52DIV window click OK.

Click OK at the Identification Changes window if necessary.

At the Network Identification window click the Close button.

You are prompted to Restart, Click the YES button.

After restart is complete log on as Administrator and go to the Windows NT Desktop.

Double Click the Network Neighborhood Icon and you are now able to see all computers within your Domain.

Practical Exercise # 4Practical Exercise # 4Install Network Settings and Install Network Settings and

Join the DomainJoin the Domain

Troubleshooting the Troubleshooting the NetworkNetwork

Introduction

Applying a logical process is the keyto any kind of troubleshooting. Thereare multiple ways to fix any problem.The better you understand a problemsolving process, the easier it is to fixthe problem.

Fixing any problem can be simple. Youare given a big problem. Break the bigproblem down into several little problems.

Utilize a network diagram to give yourselfan overlooking view of the network. Usea logical process to identify smaller portionsof the network to fix first.

A large network thathas a problem

Divide it into twosmaller networks

Fix the two smallernetworks individually

We use troubleshooting tools to assistin isolating network faults. The two tools most valuable are:

•PING (TCP/IP DOS Command)•Testing Equipment

PING: Tests connectivity from the computer to the distant end.

SYNTAXPING IP Address

EXAMPLEPING 147.51.169.7

To use the Ping Command, open the Ms-dos command Prompt by choosing Start, Programs and Ms Dos Command Prompt

This ping demonstrates good connectivity to the computer acd4

This ping demonstrates loss of connectivity to the computer

Test Equipment: Specialized devices to test cables and equipment for serviceability and correct installation.

LAN Cable Tester: Specialized devices to test LAN cables for correct construction and serviceability. Some can test LAN data flow.

Detailed records are a tremendous aid in troubleshooting. Records you should keep include:– Description of all hardware, to include

installation dates and configuration details.– A network diagram.– Service agreements and warranty

information, to include telephone numbers of vendors.

– A history of past problems.

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

What is the PING command used for?

Answer: To check connectivity from the computer to the distant end.

What kind of command is PING?

Answer: PING is a TCP/IP DOS Command.

CHECK ON LEARNINGCHECK ON LEARNING

Practical Exercise # 5Practical Exercise # 5Perform Troubleshooting Perform Troubleshooting

TechniquesTechniques

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