Post on 23-Dec-2015
transcript
28-2:The Arab-Israeli Conflict
By: Deric M., Marc F.
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Conflict
Lasted more than 50 years Conflict between Arab nations & State of
Israel causing attention to the Middle East
During fighting: 4 wars & launched numerous guerilla
attacks Both sides worked toward peace, but
peace process would unravel as new fighting erupted
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The Founding of Israel
After WWII violence between Arabs & Jews in the British Mandate of Palestine increased
Thousands of Jewish Refugees left Europe for Palestine
Refugees – people who flee their homeland to seek safety somewhere else
Palestinian Arabs were not willing to give their homeland for wrongs done to Jews in Europe(Hitler)
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Cont.
Exhausted by WWII, Britain gave Palestine to the UN
1947- UN recommended Palestine be partitioned
May 1948- Jews announce creation of Israel
Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon declared war immediately
Israel defeated Arab forces and took half of Jerusalem
Palestinian Refugees
500,000 Arabs fled out of Palestine after 1948 war
UN refugee camps became permanent homes for the refugees
Palestinian leaders refused to abandon the camps
Continued Conflict
1956- Israel, Britain and France attacked Egypt for the Suez Canal Israel occupied Sinai Peninsula
1967- 3rd Arab-Israeli war occurred Israel took the Gaza Strip(Egypt), Golan
Heights(Syria) , West Bank(Jordan) and East Jerusalem
1973- Syria and Egypt attacked Israel but failed to gain any land
_________ __________Superpower Involvement United States backed Israel Soviet Union backed Syria, Iraq and Egypt Both provided weapons and economic aid Palestinians lived in occupied territories –
land ceased by Israel during 1967 war 1964- Palestinians formed Palestine
Liberation Organization(PLO) Goal to reclaim Palestine and destroy Israel
PLO committed bombings and hijackings PLO attacks brought reprisals- forceful
attacks in response to injury
Building a Nation
Israel is one of the two democracies in the Middle East
Geography and People; Size of New Jersey 90% live in urban areas Ashkenazim(Eastern European Jews) Sephardim(Mediteranean/ Middle
Eastern Jews) 15% non Jews(Christians/Arab Muslims)
Economic Development
Israel has a mixed economy Lack of resources and water
Aid from United States greatly assisted the economy
Negev desert full of irrigation pipelines Developed high technology
industries such as Aerospace equipment
Remain dependent on imports for basic goods
Struggle to Achieve Peace
After 1948 Arab nations refused to recognize or negotiate with Israel Supported terrorist activities against Israel
and called for its destruction Israeli leaders rejected idea of Palestinian
state that threatened Israel’s security Egypt became the first Arab nation to
recognize Israel 1987- Palestinians organized strikes
against Israeli soldiers and civilians Intifada – “the shaking”
Cont.
Israeli troops destroyed homes of suspected rebels and closed Arab schools
During Intifada Palestinians joined forces such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad Groups called for destruction of Israel and used
terrorism Most difficult issue between Palestinian and Israeli
leaders was the status of occupied territories Many supported the PLO leader Yassir Arafat who
called for destruction of Israel Israel refused to talk to PLO because of terrorist
activities
Cont.
Israel encouraged Jewish settlers to move into the occupied lands Angered Palestinians
1993-Hopes for peace revived when Israel and PLO agreed to Oslo Accords Israel and PLO agreed to recognize each other PLO promised to stop attacking Israel Israel promised to withdraw its forces
Yassir Afarat became head of Palestinian Authority
Return of Violence
Israel and Jordan signed peace agreement Israel and Syria could not reach an
agreement about Golan Heights Palestinian terrorists attack both
military targets and Israeli civilians Palestinians felt methods were entirely
justified March 2002- Israel invaded Palestinian
areas of West Bank
Unresolved Issues 1980- Israel made Jerusalem its
capital Palestinians wanted East Jerusalem
to be the capital of Palestinian state Both sides believed religious
teaching justified their cause resulting in bloodshed
Art of Peace
Bushra Jawabri Young Palestinian woman refugee Belongs to Seeds of Peace
Organization that brings together young people from war torn lands
Goal is to be “a training ground for peace”