Chapter 39: Endocrine and Reproductive System

Chapter 39: Endocrine and Reproductive System

Hormones and GlandsHormones and GlandsHormones:• Chemicals that travel through the bloodstream

sending messages• Affect cell activities• Last longer than nerve impulsesGlands:• Exocrine release secretions through ducts• Endocrine release secretions (hormones) into

bloodstream

Hormones:• Chemicals that travel through the bloodstream

sending messages• Affect cell activities• Last longer than nerve impulsesGlands:• Exocrine release secretions through ducts• Endocrine release secretions (hormones) into

bloodstream

Lily

Hormone ActionHormone Action

Steroid Hormone• Can cross directly into cytoplasm• LipidsNonsteroid Hormone• Generally can’t pass through cell

membranes

Steroid Hormone• Can cross directly into cytoplasm• LipidsNonsteroid Hormone• Generally can’t pass through cell

membranes

Lily

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Prostaglandins Prostaglandins

Produces small amounts of hormone like substances

Discovered first in prostate Mortified fatty acids that produce a wide

range of cells

Madeleine

Produces small amounts of hormone like substances

Discovered first in prostate Mortified fatty acids that produce a wide

range of cells

Madeleine

Control of the Endocrine SystemControl of the Endocrine System

• Controlled by feedback methods that maintain homeostasis

• The function of the thyroid gland is controlled by the anterior pituitary gland and the thyroid gland

• Homeostatic control the materials broken down in the extracellular fluids and blood

• Madeleine

• Controlled by feedback methods that maintain homeostasis

• The function of the thyroid gland is controlled by the anterior pituitary gland and the thyroid gland

• Homeostatic control the materials broken down in the extracellular fluids and blood

• Madeleine

Complementary Hormone ActionComplementary Hormone Action

Calcium:• Body regulates levels very carefully• One of the most important minerals in bodyWithout Calcium:• Blood can’t clot• Muscles can’t contract• Can’t transport across cell membrane

Calcium:• Body regulates levels very carefully• One of the most important minerals in bodyWithout Calcium:• Blood can’t clot• Muscles can’t contract• Can’t transport across cell membrane

Lily

Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland:• Secretes 9 hormones that regulate lots of body

functions• Controls actions of other endocrine glandsHypothalamus• Controls pituitary gland’s secretions

Pituitary Gland:• Secretes 9 hormones that regulate lots of body

functions• Controls actions of other endocrine glandsHypothalamus• Controls pituitary gland’s secretions

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Thyroid and Parathyroid GlandsThyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Thyroid gland regulates body temperature Makes thyroxin which contains amino acid

tyrosine and mineral iodine Hormones from both glands maintain

homeostasis in blood calcium levels Madeleine

Thyroid gland regulates body temperature Makes thyroxin which contains amino acid

tyrosine and mineral iodine Hormones from both glands maintain

homeostasis in blood calcium levels Madeleine

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Madeleine

Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands Helps body with stressAdrenal Cortex:• Produces hormone called corticosteriodAdrenal Medulla:• Release of hormones controlled by the

Sympathetic Nervous System

Helps body with stressAdrenal Cortex:• Produces hormone called corticosteriodAdrenal Medulla:• Release of hormones controlled by the

Sympathetic Nervous System

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PancreasPancreas

Glucagon and insulin excreted from the pancreas assist to maintain the level of glucose in the blood stable

Enzyme secretions break down food When the pancreas doesn’t produce enough

enough insulin diabetes can occur

Madeleine

Glucagon and insulin excreted from the pancreas assist to maintain the level of glucose in the blood stable

Enzyme secretions break down food When the pancreas doesn’t produce enough

enough insulin diabetes can occur

Madeleine

Reproductive GlandsReproductive Glands

Glands support two vital functions, production of gametes and secretion of sex hormones

Madeleine

Glands support two vital functions, production of gametes and secretion of sex hormones

Madeleine

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