Post on 07-May-2015
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ROMEDocument-Based QuestionTaylor – World History
THE ORIGINS OF ROME Site chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location
Romans found a republic — government in which citizens elect leaders
DOCUMENT 1Not without reason did god and men choose this spot for the site of our city – the salubrious hills, the river to bring us produce from the inland regions and sea-borne commerce from abroad, the sea itself, near enough convenience yet not so near as to bring danger from foreign fleets, our situation is in the very heart of Italy – all these advantages make it of all places in the world the best for a city destined to grow great.
- Lily, The Early History of Rome1A: Identify two advantages given here that its geographic location offered Rome.1B: Choose one advantage and explain how it played a direct role in Rome’s expansion.
EARLY ROMEElected leadersDictators are
appointed briefly in times of crisis
Legion — military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry
Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness
ROME’S COMMERCIAL NETWORKEstablishes large
trading networkAccess to
Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes
Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome
PROBLEMSGap between rich
and poor widens as Roman Republic growsCivil War
Military leader Julius Caesar elected consul
Caesar is named dictator for life in 44 B.C.Assassinated
PAX ROMANAUnder Augustus, Rome moves from a republic to an empire. Power no longer resides with citizens, but a single ruler
Rome enjoys 200 years of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana
Augustus, creates lasting system of governmentglorifies Rome with beautiful public
buildingssets up civil service to administer
empire
DOCUMENT 2What territory did Rome add between 500 BC and 117
AD?
AGRICULTURE AND TRADEAgriculture most important industry in empire90% of Romans farm
Common coin, denarius, makes trade within empire easier
Vast trading network, includes China and India
Network of Roman roads links empire to Persia, Russia (Next week: Silk Road)
DOCUMENT 3A: From what three continents did trade goods come to Rome?
DOCUMENT 3B: Which good were supplied by all three areas?
ROMAN LIFE Slaves become
gladiators Worship of emperor
becomes part of official religion
Rich live well; most people are poor, receive grain from government
150 holidays and Colosseum events created to control the masses
THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY
DOCUMENT 11a: What are the physical characteristic of the Tigris and
Euphrates river valley? For example, in which direction do they flow? Where are they located?
1b: What geographic factors made this valley ideal for civilization?
THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY
We’ll come back to this topic in a couple of weeks.
THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREInternal problems and innovations spur the division and decline of the Roman Empire
THE FALL OF ROME1. What economic problems did
Rome face?
2. Who was Constantine?
3. What role did Attila play in the collapse of Rome?
DOCUMENT 4
4a: List two negative qualities of the Huns, according to Marcellinus.4b: What does their regard for their enemy say about how the Romans likely viewed themselves.
The nation of the Huns … surpasses all other barbarians in the wilderness of life … And though [the Huns] do just bear the likeness of men (of a very ugly pattern), they are so little advanced in civilization that they … feed upon the … half-raw flesh of any sort of animal … When attacked … they fill the air with varied and discordant cries … they fight in no regular order of battle, but by being extremely swift and sudden in their movements, they disperse … spread havoc over vast plains, and … pillage the camp of their enemy almost before he has become aware of their approach.”
- Ammianus Marcellinus
5A: What group of invaders came from the greatest distance?5B: What areas of the empire were not threatened by invasion?
DOC 5
DOCUMENT 6
6A: What does feel was the underlying reason for Rome’s fall?6B: What does Gibbon find surprising about the Roman Empire?
The decline of Rome was the natural and inevitable effect of immoderate greatness. Prosperity ripened the principle of decay; the causes of destruction multiplied with the extent of conquest; and, as soon as time or accident had removed artificial supports, the stupendous fabric yielded to the pressure of its own weight. The story of its ruin is simple and obvious; and instead of inquiring why the Roman Empire was destroyed, we should rather be surprised that it had subsisted so long.
- Edward Gibbon, Historian
ROME AND THE ROOTS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION The Romans develop many ideas and institutions that become fundamental to Western Civilization.
THE LEGACY OF ROMERomans adopt
aspects of Greek and Hellenistic cultureGreco-Roman
culture, or classical civilization
Romans borrow from Greek philosophy and
literaturePoet Virgil writes epic
Aeneid modeled after Homer’s Greek epics
THE LEGACY OF ROMELatin was official
language of Roman Catholic Church until 1900sFrench, Spanish,
Portuguese, Italian, Romanian
More than half the words in English stem from Latin
Master BuildersArch, domes, concreteCreate aqueducts—
structures to bring water into cities, towns
THE LEGACY OF ROMESystem of Law
Principles of Roman law form basis of modern legal systems
Enduring InfluenceBy preserving and
adding to Greek civilization, Rome strengthened the Western cultural tradition
Lucius Quinctius CincinnatusExtra Credit: Who am I? What is my legacy? 100 words due tomorrow.
DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION INSTRUCTIONSRome
HISTORICAL CONTEXTOver the course of several centuries, Rome built one of the largest empires the world had ever know. By 120 A.D., the Romans controlled portions of three continents, spreading their civilizations across much of the ancient world.
ESSAY PROMPT Describe the rise of and the two biggest
reasons for long duration of the Roman Empire. Discuss the difficulties associated with such a
vast empire, and explain what led to its fall. Conclude with a detailed discussion of the
legacy of Rome.
MORE DIRECTIONSWrite a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs, and a conclusion. Address all aspects of the task by accurately analyzing at least four documents. Support your response with relevant facts, examples and details. Include additional outside information.
The textbook will be helpful: Chapter 6.4 and 6.5 No outside research is necessary. Use the
documents, your textbook and class notes. Respond to all three parts of the prompt. Follow the high school essay format
expectations.
Abraham Lincoln
Nov. 19, 1863
Fifth Hour
Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this
continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that
nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who
here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting
and proper that we should do this (document #3).
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot
consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and
dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor
power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember
what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for
us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which
they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for
us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that
from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for
which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly
resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of
the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the
earth.
HIGH SCHOOL
ESSAY FORMAT
Name information
Title (not “essay”)
No word art
Paragraphs
Indents
Double spaced
Textbook-style font
10-12 size font
1-inch margins
CITE DOCUMENTS
(usually parenthetically)No bibliography needed on a DBQ