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3G RADIO NETWORK DESIGN
RAN PlanningMTC Kuwait
3G Trial
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 2
Table of Contents
• Introduction• Trial Areas• Link Budget Calculations• Coverage Predictions• Estimated Capacity• Indoor Design• Panoramic View• Pre Hardware Requirements• Equipment Deployed• Scrambling Code Planning• LA/RA Planning• Neighbour Planning• RAN Acceptance / Optimization• Conclusion
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 3
INTRODUCTION
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 4
Introduction
• One of the Key Characteristic in UMTS Systems is the coverage area is intrinsically linked to the capacity of the system
• The more the traffic , the smaller the coverage range of the cell becomes-Cell Breathing
• Hence the goal is to reach a compromise between Coverage and Capacity
• The following presentation describes the estimated range and capacity for 3 main services
- Voice 12.2Kbps - Video 64.0Kbps - NRT 384.0Kbps
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 5
Introduction
• Architecture of a UMTS System
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 6
Introduction
• Iub– The Iub interface connects the BTS and RNC.
• Iu -CS– The Iu interface connects the UMTS radio network to the core network. Iu-CS is the circuit switched part of Iu.
• Iu -PS– The Iu interface connects the UMTS radio network to the core network. Iu-PS is the packer switched part of Iu.
• Iur– The Iur interface allows a soft handover between RNC’S.
• Node B– Node B refers to base station. The main purpose of the Node B is to perform air interface processing and part of radio resource management
• Uu– Uu is the interface between the mobile terminal and the BTS
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 7
Introduction
• Services are mixed together by power, but with different codes
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 8
Introduction
• 3 Handover states in UMTS
SOFTER SOFT HARD
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 9
TRIAL AREAS
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 10
Trial Areas
• 3 Trial areas + 1 indoor cell have been chosen to check the 3G Performance
• Area 1 is a cluster of 4 sites, mainly to check 3G cluster performance
• Area2 is a isolated cell to check Hard Handovers from Nokia UMTS cells to Nokia GSM cells
• Area3 is a isolated cell to check Hard Handovers from Nokia UMTS cells to Motorola GSM cells
• An indoor cell is installed at MTC Head office to compare the performance between Motorola and Nokia based on various services
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 11
Trial Areas
• AREA1 - 4527
- 4555
- 4501
- 4558
AREA1
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 12
Trial Areas
• AREA2 - 4262
AREA2
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 13
Trial Areas
• AREA3 - 1422
- Indoor
Motorola AREA3
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 14
LINK BUDGET CALCULATIONS
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 15
Link Budget Calculations
• Since UL is coverage limited we need to balance the UL Path Loss with DL Path Loss
• Noise figure of the WBTS is 5 dB better than the UE’s one. • Eb/No figures are better in UL link budget as the WBTS deploys 2-way
diversity • The DL transmit power is calculated in RNC based on the reference
service • Link Budget is calculated with the following procedure - Maximum Uplink Path Loss per service per user - Maximum Downlink Path Loss per service per user - Maximum Downlink EIRP per connection per service - Maximum TX power for UE / Needed power from BTS per service KJ• Correction factor is applied to the Maximum TX power per connection to
find the average power needed per connection since the users will be distributed all over the cell area
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 16
Link Budget Calculations
TYPE UL DL UL DL UL DL
LOADING FACTOR 50 70 50 70 50 70
USER DATA RATE (Kbps) 12.2 12.2 64 64 64 384
TX POWER (dbm) 21 28.51849 21 28.91849 21 36
CABLE Losses (db) 0 - 2 0 - 2 0 - 2
BODY Losses (db) 2 - 0 0 - 0 0 - 0
ANTENNA Gain (dbi) 1 + 18 1 + 18 1 + 18
EIRP 20 44.52 22 44.92 22 52.00
NOISE Power (dbm) -105.14 -100.14
-105.14 -100.14
-105.14 -100.14
REQUIRED Eb/No (db) 4.4 - 7.5 - 2 - 5.5 - 2 - 4.8 -
PROCESSING Gain (db) 24.97971 + 24.97971 + 17.78151 + 17.78151 + 17.78151 + 10 +
INTERFERENCE Margin (db) 3.0103 - 5.228787 - 3.0103 - 5.228787 - 3.0103 - 5.228787 -
SOFT HANDOVER MDC Gain (db) 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 +
POWER CONTROL Headroom (db) 1.8 - 0 - 1.8 - 0 - 1.8 - 0 -
CABLE Losses (db) 2 - 0 - 2 - 0 - 2 - 0 -
ANTENNA Gain (dbi) 18 + 1 + 18 + 1 + 18 + 1 +
BODY Losses (db) 0 - 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 -
SOFT HANDOVER Gain (db) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 +
ISOTROPIC POWER (dbm) -138.909 -114.390 -134.111 -111.192 -134.111 -104.111
PATH LOSS (db) 158.91 158.91 156.11 156.11 156.11 156.11
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 17
Link Budget Calculations
• The CPICH Link budget is also calculated to notice the actual Cell footprint. This is then compared to the UL and DL services to find the Maximum Path loss
• The downlink service Eb/No requirement and processing gain are replaced by the CPICH Ec/Io requirement .
• The CPICH is not combined during soft handover and so there are no soft handover gains for the CPICH link budget
• The terminal antenna gain is assumed to be 0 dB.
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 18
Link Budget Calculations
CPICH Link Budget
LOADING FACTOR 70
TX POWER (dbm) 33
CABLE Losses (db) 2
BODY Losses (db) 0
ANTENNA Gain (dbi) 18
EIRP 49
NOISE Power (dbm) -100.14
REQUIRED Ec/Io (db) -15
INTERFERENCE Margin (db) 5.22
BODY Losses (db) 2
ISOTROPIC POWER (dbm) -107.92
PATH LOSS (db) 156.92
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 19
Link Budget Calculations• From the Link budgets we can conclude that CPICH coverage is the limiting one and hence the Cell range is calculated based upon CPICH pathloss
OUTDOOR LOCATION Prob (%) 95
STANDARD Deviation (db) 7
FADING Margin (db) 11.515
PATHLOSS (db) 145.405
OUTDOOR CELL RANGE 1.69
INCAR LOCATION Prob (%) 95
STANDARD Deviation (db) 7
INCAR Losses (db) 8
FADING Margin (db) 11.515
PATHLOSS (db) 137.405
INCAR CELL RANGE 1.00
INDOOR LOCATION Prob (%) 95
STANDARD Deviation (db) 7
INDOOR Losses (db) 15
FADING Margin (db) 11.515
PATHLOSS (db) 128.405
INDOOR CELL RANGE 0.56
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 20
Link Budget Calculations
Outdoor Incar Indoor
1.69km 1.00km 0.56km
• Since all the cells are at an approximate height of 25-30m and have an average cable loss of 2db we can conclude the following cell range for all the UMTS cells
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 21
COVERAGE PREDICTIONS
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 22
Coverage Predictions
• The main aim was to ensure a very good indoor coverage within the Best Server area of all UMTS Cells.
• An aggressive tilting of 5 was used to ensure deep indoor coverage.
• We can notice from the various plots that 95% of the Best server area of the cells have very deep indoor coverage
• The predictions was subdivided into 3 separate areas. - Area1 (4257,4555,4558,4501) - Area2 (4262) - Area3 (1422)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 23
Coverage Predictions
• Antenna used in Netact
Simulation CS72761
• Antenna Gain - 18dbi
• Antenna HBW - 65degree
• Antenna VBW - 6 degree
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 24
Coverage Predictions
• Parameters used in Netact Simulation
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 25
Coverage Predictions• AREA1 (Pilot Strength)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 26
Coverage Predictions• AREA1 (Best Server)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 27
Coverage Predictions• AREA3 (Pilot Strength)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 28
Coverage Predictions• AREA3 (Best Server)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 29
Coverage Predictions
• Radio Parameters, Orientations, Heights and Tilts were tuned to ensure the following - A very small cell overlap (=15%) - Low value of little I (≈0.6) - A very Low noise level - Low value of Ec/Io (-2 to -6) - Well Defined Handover areas (Soft/Softer) - No pilot pollution (0 Polluters)
• The Coverage arrays were subdivided into 3 separate areas. - Area1 (4257,4555,4558,4501) - Area2 (4262) - Area3 (1422)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 30
Coverage Predictions• AREA1 (Little i)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 31
Coverage Predictions• AREA3 (Little i)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 32
Coverage Predictions• AREA1 (Ec/Io)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 33
Coverage Predictions• AREA3 (Ec/Io)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 34
Coverage Predictions• AREA1 (Handover Regions)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 35
Coverage Predictions• AREA3 (Handover Regions)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 36
Coverage Predictions• AREA1 (Pilot Pollution)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 37
Coverage Predictions• AREA3 (Pilot Pollution)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 38
Coverage Predictions
• Since traffic/UMTS users is not known Loading parameters like DL Traffic power and Noise Rise was used to depict per service coverage in cells• From the plots we can notice that the Cell range tends to decrease per service depending on the loading introduced• NRT 384Kbps has a very small cell range and most of it failures are due to DL Eb/No capacity failure, meaning the base station can meet the DL Eb/No criteria but has insufficient power to accommodate new user due to huge loading introduced and cell overlap• NRT 384Kbps is also showing some failures due to DL Eb/No range failure, meaning the base station cannot meet the DL Eb/No criteria because the transmit power would exceed the allowed power for a downlink connection• Many simulations were conducted by changing loading parameters to ensure a coverage for the following services and hence calculate Cell capacity based on Loading parameters - RT Voice 12.2Kbps - RT Video 64Kbps - NRT 384Kbps
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 39
Coverage Predictions
• AREA1(Per service Coverage probability)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 40
Coverage Predictions
• AREA3(Per service Coverage probability)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 41
CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 42
Capacity Calculations
• Capacity shown as a function of Load
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 43
Capacity Calculations
• Based on the Loading factors used in service coverage prediction the approximate capacity of a cell can be calculated based on various other link parameters
• The fractional load per user is calculated for each service in UL and DL• Power allocation is done for various Control channels• A little I of 0.5 has been used as obtained from coverage predictions• An IPL correction factor is applied to the DL power per connection derived
from the link budget, since the users are distributed all over the cell and not all of them are at Cell edge
• DL power per connection calculated is then used with the Fractional Load per user to approximately calculate the number of users in a cell based on the UL and DL Load Factors
• Call mix is then created to approximate the users using different services in a cell
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 44
Capacity Calculations
• The fractional load per user for the given service has been calculated
UL DL
UL DL
UL DL
USER DATA Rate (Kbps) 12.2 12.2 64 64 64 384
Eb/No (db) 4.4 7.5 2 5.5 2 4.8
W/R (db) 24.97971 24.97971 17.7815117.7815
1 17.78151 10
ACTIVITY Factor (Vj) 0.67 0.63 1 1 1 1
Little I (i) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
ORTHOGONALITY Factor xxxxx 0.5 xxxxx 0.5 xxxxx 0.5
LOAD Per user 0.008743 0.011256 0.0386030.05913
6 0.038603 0.301995
TOTAL LOAD 50 70 50 70 50 70
NO OF Users (Fractional Capacity) 57 62 13 12 13 2
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 45
Capacity Calculations
• Power per DL connection and Common control channel
power has been calculated
Service 12.2Kbps
64Kbps
384Kbps
Unit Watt dBm Watt dBm Watt dBm
Total NodeB Power 20 43 20 43 20 43
Max Load 10 40 10 40 10 40
Control Channel Power (20% of NodeB max power)
3 34.77121 3 34.77121 3 34.77121
CPICH Power for NodeB 2 33 2 33 2 33
Remaining Control Channel Power for Node B
1 30 1 30 1 30
Remaining Power 7 38.45098 7 38.45098 7 38.45098
Predicted UE Max Power/ Needed NodeB Power per connection
0.710966 28.51849 0.779559 28.91849 3.981072 36
IPL Correction Factor 6 6 0
Corrected UE Power/ Needed NodeB Power
0.18 22.52 0.20 22.92 3.98 36.00
No of Users 39 36 2
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 46
Capacity Calculations
• A Call mix example is shown based on load and power calculations.• Node B HW Capacity has also been taken into consideration• The number of subscribers are calculated such that they do not exceed the
loading factors derived or else cell breathing would occur - DL power (40dBm) - UL noise rise (3db)
SERVICE
USERS
12.2 Kbps
64 Kbps
384 Kbps
12.2Kbps Voice 40 0 0
64Kbps Video 0 12 0
384Kbps PS 0 0 2
12.2Kbps Voice + 64Kbps Video 28 5 0
12.2Kbps Voice + 384Kbps PS 24 0 1
12.2Kbps Voice + 64Kbps Video + 384Kbps PS 14 3 1
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 47
INDOOR DESIGN
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 48
Indoor Design
• An existing design will be used to provide service coverage within MTC head office
• A 3 way splitter and combiners will be used to combine signals from the 2 Node B’s
• Losses per floor are computed and averaged to calculate Path loss
• Correction factor is applied to maximum path loss since users are distributed in various floors of the building
• Available user power is calculated based on Power usage of Common control channels and CPICH power
• Capacity calculations are carried out based on available power, Loading and Hardware resources
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 49
Indoor Design
• MTC HEAD OFFICE (Indoor Site)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 50
Indoor Design
• Losses per floor are approximated to calculate average Loss
Floor Antenna
Splitter Cable
Total Loss Average Loss4 3 2 Losses (Db) 1/2 7/8 Losses (Db)
7 1 0 1 1 8 10 21 2.5592 13.5592
15.8094
6 1 0 1 2 11 10 18 2.3636 16.3636
51 0 1 2 11 10 15 2.168 16.168
2 0 1 2 11 10 15 2.168 16.168
4 1 0 1 1 8 10 12 1.9724 12.9724
3 1 0 1 2 11 10 9 1.7768 15.7768
2 1 0 1 2 11 10 6 1.5812 15.5812
1 1 1 1 0 11 10 3 1.3856 15.3856
Ground 1 1 1 0 11 10 0 1.19 15.19
Parking 1 1 1 0 11 10 3 1.3856 15.3856
Basement1 1 1 1 14 10 6 1.5812 18.5812
2 1 1 1 14 10 6 1.5812 18.5812
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 51
Indoor Design• Link Budget Calculations
TYPE UL DL
UL DL
UL DL
LOADING FACTOR 50 70 50 70 50 70
USER DATA RATE (Kbps) 12.2 12.2 64 64 64 384
TX POWER (dbm) 21 14.71849 21 16.71849 21 30.5
CABLE Losses (db) + Attenuator 0 - 26 0 - 26 0 - 26
BODY Losses (db) 2 - 0 0 - 0 0 - 0
ANTENNA Gain (dbi) 1 + 2 1 + 2 1 + 2
EIRP 20 -9.28 22 -7.28 22 6.50
NOISE Power (dbm) -105.14 -100.14 -105.14 -100.14 -105.14 -100.14
REQUIRED Eb/No (db) 9 - 9.5 - 6.5 - 7 - 5.5 - 6 -
PROCESSING Gain (db) 24.97971 + 24.97971 + 17.78151 + 17.78151 + 17.78151 + 10 +
INTERFERENCE Marfin (db) 3.0103 - 5.228787 - 3.0103 - 5.228787 - 3.0103 - 5.228787 -
SOFT HANDOVER MDC Gain (db) 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 +
POWER CONTROL Headroom (db) 5 - 0 - 5 - 0 - 5 - 0 -
CABLE Losses (db) + Attenuator 26 - 0 - 26 - 0 - 26 - 0 -
ANTENNA Gain (dbi) 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 +
BODY Losses (db) 0 - 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 -
SOFT HANDOVER Gain (db) 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 +
ISOTROPIC POWER (dbm) -89.10941 -118.3909 -84.41121 -113.6927 -85.41121 -100.9112
Correction Factor 8 6 0
PATH LOSS (db) 109.11 109.11 106.41 106.41 107.41 107.41
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 52
Indoor Design• Since the indoor cell is isolated we have used a little i of 0.2 and orthogonality factor of 0.8 in load calculations
UL DL
UL DL
UL DL
USER DATA Rate (Kbps) 12.2 12.2 64 64 64 384
Eb/No (db) 9 9.5 6.5 7 2 6
W/R (db) 24.97971 24.97971 17.78151 17.78151 17.78151 10
ACTIVITY Factor (Vj) 0.65 0.63 1 1 1 1
Little I (i) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
ORTHOGONALITY Factor xxxxx 0.8 xxxxx 0.8 xxxxx 0.8
LOAD Per user 0.019367 0.007136 0.083147 0.033412 0.030882 0.159243
TOTAL LOAD 50 70 50 70 50 70
NO OF Users (Fractional Capacity) 26 98 6 21 16 4
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 53
Indoor Design• Approximate number of users have been calculated based on Node B power, Common Control channel power
Service 12.2
64
384
Unit Watt dBm Watt dBm Watt dBm
Total NodeB Power 8 39 8 39 8 39
Max Loading 5 37 5 37 5 37
CPICH Power for NodeB 1 30 1 30 1 30
Remaining Control Channel Power for Node B
1 30 1 30 1 30
Remaining Power 3 3 3
Predicted Power per user 0.029638 14.71849 0.046973 16.71849 1.122018 30.5
No of Users 101 64 3
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 54
Indoor Design
• Combining the results of users calculated based on Fractional Load and users calculated based on Power availability we can approximate the users for various services as follows keeping into mind the HW channel capacity of the Node B
CALL MIX
USERS
12.2Kbps
64Kbps384Kbp
s
12.2Kbps Voice 25 0 0
64Kbps Video 0 6 0
PS 384Kbps 0 0 2
12.2Kbps Voice + 64kbps Video 17 2 0
12.2Kbps Voice + PS 384Kbps 22 0 1
64Kbps Video + PS 384Kbps 0 5 1
12.2Kbps Voice + 64Kbps Video + PS 384Kbps 12 3 1
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 55
PANORAMIC VIEW
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 56
Panoramic View4501 – Sector 1, Sector 2, Sector 3
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 57
PRE HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 58
Pre Hardware Requirements
CELLNAME Bore Antenna Type Antenna Height Tilt
4527A 100 CS72761 30 5
4527B 230 CS72761 25 5
4527C 350 CS72761 25 5
4555A 30 CS72761 30 5
4555B 165 CS72761 30 5
4555C 270 CS72761 30 5
4501A 70 CS72761 20 5
4501B 220 CS72761 25 5
4501C 330 CS72761 20 5
4558A 60 CS72761 30 5
4558B 180 CS72761 25 5
4558C 300 CS72761 30 5
4262A 60 CS72761 25 3
4262B 175 CS72761 23 3
4262C 300 CS72761 23 3
1422A 60 CS72761 15 3
1422B 160 CS72761 15 3
1422C 330 CS72761 15 3
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 59
EQUIPMENT DEPLOYED
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 60
Equipment Deployed
Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS Supreme
Indoor Outdoor
Nokia MetroSiteWCDMA BTS
• NODE-B Types
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 61
Equipment Deployed
• Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme Indoor
WEA, EXTERNAL ALARMS
WFA, FAN
AXU, ATM MULTIPLEXER
WPS, POWER SUPPLY
WPA, POWER AMPLIFIER
WTR, TRANSMITTER AND RECIEVER WIC, INPUT COMBINER
IFU X 5, INTERFACE UNIT
WAF, ANTENNA FILTER
WSC, SYSTEM CLOCK
WSM, SUMMING AND MULTIPLEXING
WSP x 6, SIGNAL PROCESSOR
WAM x 2, APPLICATION MANAGER
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 62
Equipment Deployed
• NODE-B Specification (SUPREME)
PARAMETER SUPREME INDOOR SUPREME OUTDOOR
Height 1800mm 1940mm
Width 600mm 770mm
Depth 600mm 790mm
TX Frequency Range 2110-2170 MHz 2110-2170 MHz
RX Frequency Range 1920-1980 MHz 1920-1980 MHz
Channel Spacing 5 MHz 5 MHz
TX Power at Antenna Connector
10-40 W 10-40 W
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 63
Equipment Deployed
• Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 64
Equipment Deployed
• NODE-B Specification (METRO)
PARAMETER METRO
Height 1072mm
Width 273mm
Depth 418mm
TX Frequency Range 2110-2170 MHz
RX Frequency Range 1920-1980 MHz
Channel Spacing 5 MHz
TX Power at Antenna Connector
8 W / 4 W
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 65
Equipment Deployed
• NODE-B Installed
SITE Quantity Power Configuration WSP WAMHW
ChannelsType
4527 1 20 1+1+1 1 2 64Supreme
Indoor
4555 1 20 1+1+1 1 2 64Supreme outdoor
4501 1 201+1+1
1 2 64Supreme outdoor
4558 1 20 1+1+1 1 2 64Supreme
Indoor
4262 1 20 1+1+1 1 2 64Supreme
Indoor
1422 1 20 1+1+1 1 2 64Supreme
Indoor
MTC-HQ 1 8 1 1 1 64 Metro
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 66
Equipment Deployed
• NODE-B Possible upgrades (SUPREME)
CONFIGURATION NO. OF CABINETS Power HW Channels
1+1+1 1 20 1152
1+1+1 1 40 1152
2+2+2 1 20 1152
2+2+2 1 10 1152
3+3+3 1 20 1152
4+4+4 1 10 1152
4+4+4 1 20 1152
1+1+1+1+1+1 1 20 1152
2+2+2+2+2+2 1 20 1152
1 carrier, omni 1 20 1152
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 67
Equipment Deployed
• NODE-B Possible upgrades (METRO)
CONFIGURATION NO. OF CABINETS Power HW Channels
1 1 8 128
2 1 4 64
2 1 4 128
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 68
Equipment Deployed
RNC Front View RNC Internal View
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 69
Equipment Deployed
RNC Specifications
• Height 1800 mm• Width 600 mm• Depth 600 mm • Weight (fully loaded) 220 kg• Power Consumption 3.0 kW• Capacity 48 - 196 Mbit/s• Nominal Voltage - 48 V DC
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 70
Equipment Deployed
• RNC Configurations
PD
20
TB
UF
TB
UF
NIU
NB
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3IC
SU
CD
SP
DM
CU
TS
S3
TB
UF
CC
PC
3O
MU
0
PD
20
HD
S9
MC
PC
2
NE
MU
EB
R
NI4
S1
CC
PC
3R
RM
U 0
CC
PC
3R
CM
U 0
HD
S9
SF
10
SF
U 0
TS
S3
TB
UF
CC
PC
3O
MU
1
PD
20
HD
S9
NI4
S1
CC
PC
3R
RM
U
1C
CP
C3
RC
MU
1
HD
S9
SF
10
SF
U 1
MO
D
NIU
NB
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CC
PC
3IC
SU
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3G
TP
U
A2LS
PD
20
TB
UF
TB
UF
NIU
NB
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3IC
SU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NIU
NB
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CC
PC
3IC
SU
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3G
TP
U
A2LS
PD
20
TB
UF
TB
UF
NIU
NB
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3IC
SU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NIU
NB
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CC
PC
3IC
SU
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3G
TP
U
A2LS
CD
SP
DM
CU
PD
20
TB
UF
TB
UF
NIU
NB
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3IC
SU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NIU
NB
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CC
PC
3IC
SU
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3G
TP
U
A2LS
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NIU
NB
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NIU
NB
CC
PC
3G
TP
UC
CP
C3
ICS
U
A2LS
A2LS
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NI4
S1
NI4
S1
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
PD
20
TB
UF
TB
UF
NIU
NB
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3IC
SU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NIU
NB
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CC
PC
3IC
SU
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3G
TP
U
A2LS
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
PD
20
TB
UF
TB
UF
NIU
NB
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3IC
SU
CD
SP
DM
CU
NIU
NB
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CC
PC
3IC
SU
MX
62
2
CC
PC
3G
TP
U
A2LS
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
CD
SP
DM
CU
2
3
4
5
1
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 71
Equipment Deployed
• Five Different RNC configurations
Configuration
Max. capacity in different configurations
Iub traffic capacity Interfaces
Iub Mbit/s
Carriers STM-1 E1
1 48 384 16 96
2 85 576 16 128
3 122 768 16 160
4 159 960 16 192
5 196 1152 16 224
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 72
Equipment Deployed• NODE-B – RNC Connections
WAM
BS
WAM
WAM
ATM connection TableHW VPI VCI
x x x
VCI
x
VPI
x
HW
x
Term-1Term-1Term-1Term-1Term-1Term-1Term-1
1111111
1234567
TCP/IPAXC
NMS
C-NBAP
TCP/IP
D-NBAP
UP
C-NBAP
TCP/IP
UP
AAL2 sig
C-NBAP
TCP/IP
D-NBAP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig
D-NBAP
UP
UP
AAL2 sig
RNC
AXU
78910111213
5555555
Term-2Term-2Term-2Term-2Term-2Term-2Term-2
ATM VPC’S (DNC)
To other BTSs
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 73
Equipment Deployed
NOKIA SGSN
CASE 1
IP PLAN (NOKIA SGSN)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 74
Equipment Deployed
MOTOROLA SGSN
CASE 2
IP PLAN (MOTOROLA SGSN)
MOTOROLA CORE NETWORK
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 75
SCRAMBLING CODE PLANNING
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 76
Scrambling Code Planning
• 3G standard specifies that there are 512 downlink primary scrambling codes • 3G standard specifies that the 512 downlink primary scrambling codes are
organized into 64 groups of 8 • Each cell within the radio network plan must be assigned a primary
scrambling code • The most important rule for scrambling code planning is that the isolation
between cells which are assigned the same scrambling code should be sufficiently great to ensure that a UE never simultaneously receives the same scrambling code from more than a single cell.
• scrambling codes 0 to 7 belong to the same group, as do scrambling codes 8 to 15 and scrambling codes 16 to 23.
• The organization of scrambling codes into groups allows the UE to complete a three step cell synchronization procedure using the primary and secondary synchronization channels (P-SCH and S-SCH) and the CPICH
• This procedure is applied whenever a UE needs to access a cell or measure the quality of a cell
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 77
Scrambling Code Planning
• The three step synchronization procedure is:
- UE uses the P-SCH to achieve slot synchronization
- UE uses the S-SCH to achieve frame synchronization and to identify
the scrambling code group
- UE uses the CPICH to identify the primary scrambling code• Step 2 involves selecting 1 group out of 64, whereas step 3 involves selecting 1
code out of 8. Step 3 is likely to be more reliable but also requires more UE processing, i.e. has a greater potential impact upon UE battery life.
• Placing the emphasis upon step 2 can be achieved by planning the scrambling codes such that neighbours belong to different scrambling code groups. This helps reduce UE power consumption
• Placing the emphasis upon step 3 can be achieved by planning the scrambling codes such that neighbours belong to the same scrambling code group. This helps to improve the reliability of the cell synchronization procedure
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 78
Scrambling Code Planning
Name Scope Range Default
PriScrCode WCEL 0 to 511, step 1 None
AdjsScrCode ADJS 0 to 511, step 1 None
AdjiScrCode ADJI 0 to 511, step 1 None
Tcell WCEL0 to 2304, step 256
chips0, 256, 512 for the 3 cells of a 3 sector Node B
RNC databuild parameters relevant to scrambling code planning
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 79
Scrambling Code Planning
CELLNAME CI
PLAN1 - STEP3 PLAN2 - STEP2
Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
GroupScrambling Code Scrambling Code Group
34527A 30001 0 1 0 1
34527B 30002 1 1 0 2
34527C 30003 2 1 0 3
34555A 30004 3 1 0 4
34555B 30005 4 1 0 5
34555C 30006 5 1 0 6
34501A 30007 6 1 0 7
34501B 30008 7 1 0 8
34501C 30009 0 2 0 9
34558A 30010 1 2 0 10
34558B 30011 2 2 0 11
34558C 30012 3 2 0 12
34262A 30013 0 1 0 13
34262B 30014 1 1 0 14
34262C 30015 2 1 0 15
31422A 30016 3 1 0 16
31422B 30017 4 1 0 17
31422C 30018 5 1 0 18
MTC Indoor A 30019 6 1 0 19
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 80
LA/RA PLANNING
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 81
LA/RA PLANNING
• Mobility Management in the Core network maintains the UE location in UMTS network
• In CS Idle mode, Core network knows the location of a UE with the accuracy of LA, and in PS Idle mode, Core network knows the location of a UE with the accuracy of LA/RA
• A Location Area (LA) is defined as an area within which a UE can move without having to update the VLR.
• A Routing Area (RA) is defined as an area within which a UE can move, in certain operation modes, without having to update the SGSN
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 82
LA/RA PLANNING
CELLNAME CI LAC SAC RAC
34527A 30001 3000 300 30
34527B 30002 3000 300 30
34527C 30003 3000 300 30
34555A 30004 3000 300 30
34555B 30005 3000 300 30
34555C 30006 3000 300 30
34501A 30007 3000 300 30
34501B 30008 3000 300 30
34501C 30009 3000 300 30
34558A 30010 3000 300 30
34558B 30011 3000 300 30
34558C 30012 3000 300 30
34262A 30013 3000 300 30
34262B 30014 3000 300 30
34262C 30015 3000 300 30
31422A 30016 3000 300 30
31422B 30017 3000 300 30
31422C 30018 3000 300 30
MTC Indoor 30019 3000 300 30
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 83
NEIGHBOUR PLANNING
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 84
Neighbour Planning
• 3G intra-frequency neighbour list planning is absolutely critical to network performance as the missing neighbours are regarded as interference. Typically the neighbour list tuning gives the greatest gain during RF optimization. • Each UTRAN cell shall have separate neighbour cell definitions for intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-RAT (GSM) measurements. The maximum number of neighbouring cells that can be signalled to the UE is:
- 31 intra-frequency neighbours
- 48 inter-frequency neighbours
- 32 inter-RAT (GSM) neighbours • Neighbour were defined per cell based on Best Server predictions and antenna orientation• All 3G Neighbours defined are mutual neighbours while all 2G neighbours are one way
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 85
Neighbour Planning
Name Scope Range Default
AdjsId ADJS 1 to 31, step 1 None
AdjsMCC ADJS 0 to 999, step 1 None
AdjsMNC ADJS 0 to 999, step 1 None
AdjsMNCLength ADJS 2, 3 None
AdjsLAC ADJS 1 to 65535, step 1 None
AdjsRAC ADJS 0 to 255, step 1 None
AdjsRNCid ADJS 1 to 4095, step 1 None
AdjsCI ADJS 1 to 65535, step 1 None
AdjsScrCode ADJS 0 to 511, step 1 None
AdjsCPICHTxPwr ADJS -10 to 50, step 0.1 dBm None
AdjsTxPwrRACH ADJS -50 to 33, step 1 dBm 21 dBm
AdjsEcNoOffset ADJS -10 to 10, step 0.5 dB 0 dB
AdjsDERR ADJS 0 (enable), 1 (disable) 0
AdjsTxDiv ADJS 0 (not used), 1 (used) 0
RtHopsIdentifier ADJS 1 to 100, step 1 None
NrtHopsIdentifier ADJS 1 to 100, step 1 None
RNC databuild parameters for Intra frequency Neighbours
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 86
Neighbour Planning
3G <- > 3G
CELLNAME N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7
3G_45271 3G_45272 3G_45273 3G_45581 3G_45582 3G_45011
3G_45272 3G_45271 3G_45273 3G_45552 3G_45011 3G_45012 3G_45013
3G_45273 3G_45271 3G_45272 3G_45581 3G_45582 3G_45583 3G_45551 3G_45552
3G_45551 3G_45552 3G_45553 3G_45273 3G_45581 3G_45582 3G_45583
3G_45552 3G_45551 3G_45553 3G_45273 3G_45272 3G_45011 3G_45013
3G_45553 3G_45551 3G_45552 3G_45013 3G_45583 3G_45012
3G_45011 3G_45012 3G_45013 3G_45552 3G_45272 3G_45271
3G_45012 3G_45011 3G_45013 3G_45553 3G_45272
3G_45013 3G_45011 3G_45012 3G_45552 3G_45553 3G_45272
3G_45581 3G_45582 3G_45583 3G_45271 3G_45273
3G_45582 3G_45581 3G_45583 3G_45551 3G_45271 3G_45272 3G_45273
3G_45583 3G_45581 3G_45582 3G_45551 3G_45553
3G_42621 3G_42622 3G_42623
3G_42622 3G_42621 3G_42623
3G_42623 3G_42622 3G_42621
3G_14221 3G_14222 3G_14223
3G_14222 3G_14221 3G_14223
3G_14223 3G_14221 3G_14222
• Following are the 3G to 3G Neighbour Definitions
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 87
Neighbour Planning
Name Scope Range Default
AdjgId ADJG 0 to 31, step 1 None
AdjgBandIndicator ADJG 1 (1900), 0 (1800) None
AdjgBCCH ADJG 0 to 1023, step 1 None
AdjgBCC ADJG 0 to 7, step 1 None
AdjgNCC ADJG 0 to 7, step 1 None
AdjiMCC ADJG 0 to 999, step 1 None
AdjiMNC ADJG 0 to 999, step 1 None
AdjiMNCLength ADJG 2, 3 None
AdjiLAC ADJG 1 to 65535, step 1 None
AdjiCI ADJG 1 to 65535, step 1 None
AdjiTxPwrRACH ADJG -50 to 33, step 1 dBm None
AdjiTxPwrTCH ADJG 0 to 43, step 1 dBm None
RtHopiIdentifier ADJG 1 to 100, step 1 None
NrtHopiIdentifier ADJG 1 to 100, step 1 None
RNC databuild parameters for Inter frequency Neighbours
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 88
Neighbour Planning
3G - > 2G
CELLNAME N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13 N14 N15
3G_45271 45271 45272 45583 45581 45582 45011 65051 65052
3G_45272 45271 45272 45273 45552 45011 45012 45013 65051 65052 55111 55112 55113
3G_45273 45271 45272 45273 45581 45582 45583 45551 45552 55111 55113 65051 65052
3G_45551 45551 45552 45553 45273 45581 45582 45583 55111 55113 45162 45301
3G_45552 45551 45552 45553 45273 45272 45011 45013 65052 55111 55112 55113
3G_45553 45551 45552 45553 45013 45583 45012 45162 45301 45302 45901 55113
3G_45011 45011 45012 45013 45552 45272 45271 65051 65052 55111 55112 55113
3G_45012 45011 45012 45013 45553 45272 45471 65052 55112 45302
3G_45013 45011 45012 45013 45552 45553 45272 45901 45302 55112 55113 45471
3G_45581 45581 45582 45583 45271 45273 44151 45301
3G_45582 45581 45582 45583 45551 45271 45272 45273 55111 65051 65052
3G_45583 45581 45582 45583 45551 45553 45161 45162 44151 45301
3G_42621 42621 42622 42623 42382 42383 42053 42462 42282 42262
3G_42622 42621 42622 42623 42382 42053 42101 42103 42933
3G_42623 42621 42622 42623 42282 42283 42262 42462 42933 42103 42053
3G_14221 14221 14222 14223 14081 14082 14083 14153 14212 14731 14733 14741 14913 24031 24101 24102
3G_14222 14221 14222 14223 14082 14151 14153 14731 14732 14733 14741 14742 14831 14912 14913 24411
3G_14223 14221 14222 14223 14082 14083 14733 14741 14742 14743 24021 24022 24031 24101 24102 24411
• Following are the 3G to 2G Neighbour Definitions
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 89
RAN ACCEPTANCE & OPTIMIZATION
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 90
RAN Acceptance & Optimization
• Following procedures shall be carried out to verify Network Performance
- Acceptance process
- Measurement methodologies
- Measurement test plan
- Key Performance Indicators (KPI’S)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 91
RAN Acceptance & Optimization
Network Planning Rollout Phase
Processing of Data
Cluster Test result versus cluster target value
Execution of Drive Test in Cluster1 to n
Processing of Data
Network/ RAN Area Test result versus Network/ RAN Area target value
Execution of Drive Test in Whole Network or RAN Area 1 to n
Cluster Acceptance Certificate
Network Acceptance Certificate
Cluster Acceptance
Network Acceptance
NW optimisation
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 92
RAN Acceptance & Optimization
Measurement routes have to be classified for cluster and Network Acceptance
It is recommended to measure different type of routes like
- Streets (city, urban)
- Highways (suburban, rural)
- Major roads (urban, suburban, rural)
Cluster to be measured
Network Measurement Route
Cluster measurement Route
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 93
RAN Acceptance & Optimization• The acceptance test shall consist of drive tests using Field Measurement Tools (FMT)
to verify that the call set-up and soft handovers are working properly, to detect bad quality and interference areas, to detect unexpected lack of coverage and to test the Radio Access Bearers (RAB).
• The UE shall measure at least the following and report these measurements to the FMT:
- CPICH Received Signal Code Power (RSCP)
- UTRA Carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
- Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Ec/No
- UE transmitted power• Measurements shall be restricted to
the coverage border of a cluster
Valid Measurement sampleInvalid Measurement sample
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 94
RAN Acceptance & Optimization• The purpose of cluster acceptance test is to divide the whole network
into smaller regions as to perform RF design verification, identify and categorize coverage and quality problems.
• All sites in the cluster must have Site Acceptance completed before the measurements. The drive route in the cluster shall be planned in such a way that it covers highway, main roads and major streets,
• The measurement samples will be filtered according to the CPICH RSCP and Ec/No thresholds
- 105dBm
- 92dBm
- 80dBm
Time
RSCP
Call OK
Call OK
Call OK
Call NOK
Call OK
- 12dB
- 5dB
- 20dB
Ec/No
Threshold
Example of Call Success Criteria
– Case 1
Discard sample
OR
- 105dBm
- 92dBm
- 80dBm
Time
RSCP
Call OK
Call OK
Call OK
Call NOK
Call OK
-
- 5dB
- 20dB
Ec/No
Threshold
Example of Call Success Criteria
– Case 1
Discard sample
- 105dBm
- 92dBm
- 80dBm
Time
RSCP
Call OK
Call OK
Call OK
Call NOK
Call OK - 5dB
- 20dB
Ec/No
Threshold
Example of Call Success Criteria
– Case 1
Discard sample
OR OR
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 95
RAN Acceptance & Optimization• The Measurement/Cluster plan shall include
- Identification of the Sites forming the Cluster
- Identification of cells within the Cluster scheme;
- Drive test routes within the Cluster.
- Identification of measurements to be obtained during the Drive Test;
- Test duration, scheduled date and time
• Upon completion of the processing of data per Cluster, a Cluster specific Test report will be prepared and submitted to the customer. The cluster test report shall include:
- Cluster and Sites Information
- RNC Parameters database.
- Coverage Prediction Plots.
- CPICH RSCP and Ec/No plotted on the measurement route.
- Measurement Results
- Outstanding Issues and Further Actions
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 96
RAN Acceptance & Optimization
• The main Hardware and Parameter adjustments to be made involve:– Tilting– Antenna height– CPICH Power– Cell selection/reselection parameters– Neighbour List tuning– SHO Parameters like “Add", "Drop” and “Replace” windows– Intersystem Handover/Cell Selection Parameters
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 97
RAN Acceptance & Optimization
• Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) should be used as conclusive results of the RAN performance
• Typical KPIs Classes:– Service Performance KPI’S
– Coverage KPI’S
– Performance Management KPI’S
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 98
RAN Acceptance & Optimization• SERVICE PERFORMANCE KPI’S
- Voice Success Rate > 95%
- Video Success Rate > 95%
- PS Success Rate > 95%
- Voice Drop Rate < 4%
- Video Drop Rate < 4%
- PS Drop Rate < 4%
- Throughput for NRT Traffic
> 58Kbps for 90% of time (64kbps)
> 112Kbps for 90% of time (128kbps)
> 340Kbps for 90% of time (384Kbps)
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 99
RAN Acceptance & Optimization• COVERAGE KPI’S
- CPICH RSCP > -92dbm (90% OF SAMPLES)
- CPICH Ec/Io > -9db (90% OF SAMPLES
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 100
RAN Acceptance & Optimization• PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT KPI’S
- Voice RAB Setup Success Rate > 95%
- Voice RAB Drop Rate < 4%
- Video RAB Setup Success Rate > 95%
- Video RAB Drop Rate < 4%
- PS RAB Setup Success Rate > 95%
- PS RAB Drop Rate < 4%
- Soft Handover Overhead > 95%
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 101
CONCLUSION
April 19, 2023 3G Radio Network Design 102
Conclusion
• The planning process for UMTS is an iterative process, as both coverage and capacity demands must be achieved
• The process can be broken down into two main stages:– Stage 1
• Link Budget Calculations• Coverage Plots and Simulations• Data Analysis and Hardware Tuning• Capacity Calculations (within loading, power and physical
channel limitations)
– Stage 2 • Network Implementation• Performance measurements• Network Optimization