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© 2013 3M. All Rights Reserved. CONFIDENTIAL
3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
Advancements in Hearing Conservation Technologies11th Sep 2015
Safeand
Keeping you
Inspiringyour WorldVinay Pathak
Lab Head - 3M R&D Center - Gurgaon
2 © 2013 3M. All Rights Reserved. CONFIDENTIAL
3M Safety & Graphics Business GroupWhy is Hearing Loss Prevention So Important?
� Workplace noise exposure is widespread
� Manufacturing
� Mining
� Metal fabrication
� Welding
� Forestry
� Military
� Construction
� Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is most common recorded occupational illness now a days
� Symptoms of hearing loss are often unnoticed until permanent damage is done
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group Components of Sound
Duration
Level dB
Frequency Hz
3 main components of harmful sound
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3M Safety & Graphics Business GroupComponents of Sound – Level dB
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Sound Pressure Level(decibels dB)
0.00002
0.0002
0.002
0.02
0.2
2.0
20.0
200.0
2000.0
Sound Pressure(Pascals Pa)
HEARING THRESHOLD
QUIET ROOM
WHISPER
CONVERSATION
VACUUM CLEANER
HAMMER DRILL
CHAIN SAW
GUN BLAST
JET ENGINE
PAIN
Ps
dB = 20log
Pr
Ps = Measured sound pressure level
P r = Reference pressure level of 20 micropascals ( 0.00002 Pa)
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
Sound duration is very important…
Hours Minutes Seconds
At work we may be subjected to it, occasionally or regularly
…for weeks, months or many years
Components of Sound – Duration
15 minutes at a 100 dB(A)
sound level gives the same
exposure as eight hours at an
85 dB(A) sound level.
When does sound become harmful?
ACGIH TLV Indian Factories Act – 1948 TLV
- 85 dB TWA (8 hours) - 85 dB TWA (8 hours)
- 3 dB exchange rate - 5 dB Exchange rate
• When noise level goes up 3 dB or 5dB, employers must cut the exposure time in half.
Duration per day Sound level dBA (ACGIH) Sound level dBA (Indian Factories Act))
16 hours 82 dB TWA 85 dB TWA
8 hours 85 dB TWA 90 dB TWA
4 hours 88 dB TWA 95 dB TWA
2 hours 91 dB TWA 100 dB TWA
1 hour 94 dB TWA 105 dB TWA
1/2 hour 97 dB TWA 110 dB TWA
15 Minutes 100 dB TWA 115 dB TWA
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group How do we hear?
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group Ear Anatomy
Inner EarMiddle Ear
Outer Ear
Normal Cochlea
Moderate Hair cell Loss
Severe Hair cell loss
Healthy Hair cell:
Minimal noise exposure
Damaged hair cells:
Prolonged noise exposure
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
Noise over 85 decibels (dB) is hazardous
At higher dB levels, hearing is damaged faster
–Decibel scale is logarithmic
–1 hours at 100 dBA is equal to 8 hours at 90 dBA ( exchange rate of 3 dBA)
Rule of thumb:–It’s too loud if you have to shout to be heard by someone less than 3 feet away from you.
How Loud is too loud?
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3M Safety & Graphics Business GroupHealth effects by exposure to noise
EffectsOf Noise
Auditory Non Auditory
Auditory Fatigue (temporary hearing loss)
Deafness (Permanent hearing loss)
� Tinnitus
� Annoying ringing or buzzing sound
� Interferes with concentration and sleeping
IMPACT ON THE BODY
• Sleeping problems
• High blood pressure
• Cardiac problems
• Muscular Contraction
EFFECT ON QUALITY OF LIFE
• Nervousness
• Poor concentration
• Fatigue
• Anxiety
• Stress
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
AUDIOMETRIC TESTING PROGRAM
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3M Safety & Graphics Business GroupWhat is an Audiometric Test
� A test for determining your hearing sensitivity - Determines how well you can hear
� A very useful tool in the Noise protection program - Can identify when your hearing is being compromised
� Law Mandates for every employee exposed to High Noise
� Audiometric testing identifies…― Progressive noise-induced hearing losses before they become an impairment
― Temporary losses before they become permanent, providing time for remedial steps
� The audiometric technician must send the results of
• a new abnormal audiogram or an audiogram showing an abnormal shift,
• the baseline audiogram, and
• the health history to the physician or audiologist
� Designated by the employer to review audiograms.
� The employer should have these evaluated for finding High Risk Employees
� Should be used to direct intervention when corrective action is necessary
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
<1
5-9
15-19
40-52
Speech hearing range
Frequency (kHz)
Hearing loss
(dB)
0.5 8641 2 3
0
50
10
30
40
20
No hearing loss
Loss after < 1 year
exposure
Loss after 5-9
years exposure
Loss after 15-19
years exposure
Loss after 40-52
years exposure
Development of noise induced hearing loss from exposure to 100 dB noise
Hearing loss simulator
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group Hierarchy of noise control
Engineering Controls
Ideal
Personal Protection
Last Option
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
Disposable Earplugs
• Particularly suited for continuous wear and hot/humid situations
• Inexpensive solution to noise
• Effective attenuation
• Comfortable to wear over long periods
• No maintenance
Reusable Earplugs
• Particularly suited when hygiene is a concern
• Can be washed and reused
• Do not require rolling down before insertion
• Usually available in different sizes
Hearing protection - Earplugs
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group Hearing protection - Earmuffs
Passive Ear Muffs
• Suited for intermediate use
• Not to be worn for long uses
• Have liquid & Foam filled cup seals to achieve proper sealing of noise
• Available as over the head, behind the neck and helmet attachment
Semi Active Ear muffs
• 3M Push to Listen Ear muffs
• To be used for conersion while working without opening the muffs
• Have an electronic circuit which allows for the mic to be activated
• Can be attached to the helmets
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group Communication Solutions
Headsets with J11 Direct lead Headsets Flex Headsets LiteCom WS Headsets Bluetooth
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group LiteCom Plus - LPD 433 MHz
� Built in two-way radio communication
� 37 channels (LPD 433 MHz)
� 121 subchannels
� Level-dependent function for ambient listening
� Rechargeable lithium-ion battery with 20 hours operating time
� Voice operated transmission (VOX)
� Auto power off function
� Battery status indication
� Voice guided menu system
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3M Safety & Graphics Business GroupValidation – Fit Testing of earplugs
•Qualitative Validation - 3M Super Fit ™
•Quantitative Validation 3M Ear Fit ™
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group 3M Ear Fit Validation System
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3M Safety & Graphics Business GroupQuantitative Validation - What is the system?
� A quick and accurate method of obtaining in-ear attenuation for a given fitting of a pair
of earplugs
� Designed and built to be an integral part of a comprehensive workplace hearing
conservation program.
� It may be used for basic program auditing, follow-up evaluation of standard threshold-
shifts, full training and evaluation etc.
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
You only have two ears !PROTECT IT or LOOSE IT
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group
ANY QUESTIONS?
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3M Safety & Graphics Business Group